Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) entails substantial morbidity and mortality, yet no epidemiologic evidence exists on its outcomes in Mexico. This study assessed national hospitalisations (2005–2022) and mortality (2000–2022) related to AAV using data from the General Board of Health Information.

Retrospective, population-based time-trend analysis on administrative health data.

Mexico’s national hospital discharge and mortality registries, covering 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2022.

All individuals aged ≥ 15 years with a primary or secondary International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, diagnosis of AAV recorded during hospitalisation or on death certificates nationwide.

The study’s primary outcomes were the age-standardised hospitalisation and mortality rates for AAV (expressed per 100 000 population, overall and by sex), with temporal trends in both rates quantified using Joinpoint regression to calculate annual percent change (APC) and average APC (AAPC).

We identified 2804 hospitalisations and 599 deaths. Females accounted for 49.7% of hospitalisations, while males represented 48.7% of deaths. Although the overall age-standardised hospitalisation rate (ASHR) and mortality rate (ASMR) AAPCs were not statistically significant, relevant trends emerged. From 2010 to 2022, ASHR declined significantly (APC: –5.2%; 95% CI –9.7, –0.5; p=0.03), whereas mortality rates remained stable from 2000 to 2022 (AAPC: +3%; 95% CI –4.6, 11.3; p=0.45). Nevertheless, mortality increased among males (APC: +6.4%; 95% CI 0.9, 12.2; p=0.02) and individuals over 45 years (APC: +8.6%; 95% CI 1.7, 16.0; p=0.02) from 2008 onwards.

Overall, these findings indicate no major changes in national rates but reveal a decline in hospitalisations since 2010 and a rise in mortality for specific subgroups since 2008. Targeted interventions, particularly for older adults and men, appear warranted to address this evolving disease burden. Future research should explore underlying risk factors and evaluate tailored strategies to improve clinical outcomes in AAV across Mexico.

This study aimed to determine the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) medication use and glycaemic control.

This was a retrospective diabetes registry-based cohort study.

Singapore.

Patients aged 18 and above with incident DM in the SingHealth Diabetes Registry from 2013 to 2020 were included. The entire study period included a 1 year baseline period, a 1 year observation period and a 3 month outcome period.

Drug use was measured using the proportion of days covered (PDC), and the changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) between the outcome and baseline periods were assessed. The associations between baseline HbA1c and PDC ≥0.80 and between PDC and change in HbA1c were analysed using logistic regression and the Kruskal–Wallis test, respectively.

Of 184 646 unique patients in the registry from 2013 to 2020, 36 314 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The median PDC for any DM drug, oral DM drugs and insulin during the observation period was 20.3%, 16.8% and 0%, respectively. Those who had good glycaemic control at baseline were less likely to receive DM drugs and those with poor baseline glycaemic control or missing baseline HbA1c were more likely to be consistent users (PDC >80%) (px 10^-16).

The relationship between DM drug use and glycaemic control is complex and non-monotonic. Higher PDC for any DM drug and oral DM drugs during the observation period was significantly associated with clinically relevant HbA1c improvements.

Prediabetes (PD), defined by impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, represents a growing global health challenge, with a prevalence projected to increase substantially. PD is a critical intervention target because of its high annual progression rate (5–10%) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Non-surgical interventions (NSIs), particularly lifestyle modifications (LMs) and pharmacological therapies, are the cornerstone of PD management, demonstrating efficacy and cost efficiency over surgical options. However, despite LM’s ability to reduce T2DM incidence by 40–70% in trials such as the Diabetes Prevention Program, real-world implementation faces barriers, including resource intensity and complex delivery requirements, which increase upfront costs. We aim to review scientific literature reporting on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of NSIs for preventing the progression of PD to T2DM among adults.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is an acquired deformity that develops in 2–4% of otherwise healthy children during adolescent growth, substantially reducing their quality of life and creating a life-long burden of disease. Despite many years of dedicated research, the cause and mechanism of AIS are still unknown and no effective curative treatments are available for children suffering from this spinal and chest deformity. To date, all etiological studies focused on children with an already established scoliosis. EARLYBIRD aims to uncover the earliest pathoanatomical changes in AIS, by studying longitudinal spinal growth in children at increased risk for scoliosis development with MRI, starting before adolescence.

This prospective observational cohort study will follow two groups: 60 adolescent girls (8–10 years old) who have an older sibling or parent diagnosed with AIS (cohort 1) and 60 adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, a genetic microdeletion associated with 50% scoliosis prevalence (cohort 2). Data collection will be completely radiation-free and occur at baseline and yearly during adolescence up to 15 years of age in girls and up to 16 in boys. A comprehensive physical examination, a dedicated spine and chest MRI as well as a standing three-dimensional (3-D) spinal ultrasound will be obtained at each time point. The main parameter will be the longitudinal changes in segmental axial rotation during growth in subjects that do and do not develop AIS. Secondary endpoints are longitudinal changes in 3-D morphology of the bone and intervertebral discs (IVDs) during normal spinal development and during scoliosis development, determining biomarkers for bone growth, implementing radiation-free imaging methods for spinal monitoring in adolescent patients at risk for scoliosis development and use these for spinal skeletal maturity and patient-specific spinal biomechanical analyses.

This protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee NedMed and is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05924347). Written informed consent will be obtained from all parents/legal representatives. Key findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and presentation at conferences. This study is funded by the European Research Council.

Mental health disparities persist as a pressing public health concern globally. Gender disparities in mental health are evident, with women disproportionately affected by conditions such as depression and anxiety. Despite the apparent need, studies from Bangladesh indicate that women are less likely to seek mental healthcare compared with men.

This study aims to investigate gender differences in mental health help-seeking behaviour in Bangladesh.

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from 15 to 30 October 2021, targeting individuals with perceived mental health problems through the Facebook page of LifeSpring, a mental health and well-being organisation based in Bangladesh. Data (n=3031; women: 2140; men: 891) were collected using the JotForm online survey tool and analysed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses and multinomial logistic regression.

The majority of participants were female (70.6%), aged between 18 and 34 years (87.3%), and from urban areas (85.4%). Overall, 28.4% received non-professional help, with females at 30.9% and males at 22.3%. Additionally, 22.9% received help from professionals, with females at 20.8% and males at 28.1%. Notable disparities were observed in mental health help-seeking behaviour between genders. While females exhibit higher odds of seeking non-professional support (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.84, p value

This study contributes to our understanding of gender disparities in mental healthcare utilisation in Bangladesh, highlighting the need for gender-sensitive approaches in mental healthcare service delivery.