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To examine how family caregivers of deceased nursing home residents scored and justified their ratings for each item on the Quality of Dying in Long-Term Care scale and to identify the consistencies and discrepancies between their perceptions and the scores assigned when assessing the residents' end-of-life experience.
A convergent mixed-methods design, comprising a cross-sectional study and a thematic analysis for quantitative and qualitative phases, respectively.
Quantitative and qualitative data were collected simultaneously between May 2018 and February 2019. The two sets of data were analysed separately. For the quantitative component, family caregivers completed the quality of dying in long-term care scale and a single-item question assessing the final month of the residents' life. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U-tests for comparative analyses and Spearman's correlations were applied to the quantitative data, while deductive thematic analysis was conducted for the qualitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews.
Sixty-nine family caregivers completed the QoD-LTC, and 11 participated in qualitative interviews. The mean overall QoD-LTC score was 39.29 (SD = 7.58). The highest-rated domain was ‘Personhood’ (M = 4.32; SD = 0.68), while the lowest was ‘Preparatory Tasks’ (M = 2.66; SD = 1.26). Interviewed family caregivers reported effective management of pain and other symptoms, satisfaction with the care provided and respectful and appropriate treatment. However, they identified significant shortcomings in communication concerning end-of-life issues, coping with death and advance care planning. Residents with cognitive impairment had significantly lower scores on the ‘closure’ (p < 0.01) and ‘preparatory tasks’ (p = 0.03) domains as well as on the overall QoD-LTC score (p = 0.01).
The findings demonstrate consistency between the quantitative and qualitative data, with high scores reported across most domains of the QoD-LTC scale, with the exception of the ‘Preparatory Tasks’ domain. Cognitive impairment among residents was associated with lower perceived quality of the dying process from the perspective of family members.
Aspects related to closure and preparatory tasks were often overlooked. Strategies to enhance end-of-life communication and advance care planning are needed.
The study adhered to the EQUATOR guidelines. The Mixed Methods Reporting in Rehabilitation & Health Sciences (MMR-RHS) checklist for mixed-methods studies, the STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies, and the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines for qualitative studies were used for reporting.
No funding was received for the completion of this study.
by Annyi Tatiana Belalcazar, Valeria Monroy Lasso, José Darío Álvarez Herazo, Ana Clarete, Roger Figueroa-Paz, Duban Maya-Portillo, Julio Diez-Sepúlveda
BackgroundThe Shock Index (SI) is a validated prognostic tool in conditions such as severe trauma and obstetric hemorrhage. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was used to identify patients at higher risk of clinical deterioration, but results have been inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the SI and its variants in predicting mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, and hospital length of stay in patients with moderate COVID-19.
Methods and findingsThis longitudinal analytical observational study was conducted at a high-complexity hospital in southwestern Colombia and included adults over 18 years of age with moderate COVID-19 treated between 2020 and 2022, using data from the institutional RECOVID registry. A total of 283 patients were analyzed (median age: 61 years; 58.7% male), with cardiovascular and renal comorbidities being predominant. On admission, vital signs were stable (NEWS2: 3.0; shock index: 0.7). ICU admission was required in 29.3% of cases, and overall mortality was 12%. ROC curves and diagnostic accuracy parameters were used to assess the discriminatory ability of the SI and its variants. Most SI variants showed low discriminatory power (AUC Conclusions
Early identification of patients at risk for complications in moderate COVID-19 is essential for optimizing hospital resources. The shock index and its variants showed limited utility as standalone predictors for mortality, ICU admission, and hospital length of stay. Combining SI with other clinical parameters may offer some benefit, but heterogeneity limits generalizability. Future studies should develop and prospectively validate multivariable models integrating clinical, laboratory, and imaging biomarkers.
Despite the benefits of early diagnosis, most cancers in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to late presentation of symptoms, inadequate referral systems and poor diagnostic capacity. Health communication interventions have been used extensively in high-income countries to increase people’s awareness of cancer symptoms and encourage timely help-seeking. However, in SSA, there is still limited evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions and existing evaluations are mainly focused on communicable diseases rather than cancer.
A randomised, multisite, controlled community trial will evaluate a culturally tailored health infographic toolkit delivered in rural and urban settings in the Western Cape Province in South Africa and Harare and surrounding provinces in Zimbabwe. Participants will be randomised to receive one of three African aWAreness of CANcer and Early Diagnosis (AWACAN-ED) cancer awareness tools, coproduced with local communities, comprising health communication infographics with descriptions of breast, cervical and colorectal cancer symptoms plus messages to encourage consultation with primary care providers if symptoms occur, all presented in English and four local languages. We will recruit 144 participants in each of the three intervention groups (N=432). The primary outcome will be recall of symptoms and the secondary outcomes will be (1) intention to seek help, (2) emotional impact and (3) acceptability of the toolkit. Outcomes will be measured preintervention and at two points postintervention: after 15 min and 1 month.
Ethical approval was obtained in both participating countries, South Africa (148/2025) and Zimbabwe (363/2021). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent prior to participation. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and the AWACAN-ED programme website.
PACTR202505475803308.
Poor cardiopulmonary fitness is an important risk factor for postoperative complications, yet a feasible, objective and prognostically accurate method to assess preoperative fitness has not been established. The 6 min walk test (6MWT) is a simple, inexpensive and widely applicable measure that shows promise for predicting postoperative risk. However, robust data are lacking on whether the 6MWT accurately predicts complications, provides incremental prognostic value beyond routinely collected clinical factors or outperforms simpler alternatives such as questionnaires, cardiac biomarkers or grip strength testing. The Functional Assessment for Surgery by a Timed Walk (FAST Walk) study is designed to address these knowledge gaps by evaluating whether the 6MWT improves prediction of key postoperative outcomes compared with clinical factors and simpler measures of fitness.
The FAST Walk study is an international multicentre prospective cohort study of 1672 adults (≥40 years) undergoing major elective non-cardiac surgery at centres in Canada, Hong Kong, Australia, Spain and the Netherlands. Participants complete a preoperative 6MWT and baseline assessments of comorbidities, self-reported cardiopulmonary fitness (MET: Re-evaluation for Perioperative Cardiac Risk questionnaire), biomarkers (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) and grip strength. The primary outcome is 30-day death or major postoperative complication, defined as Clavien-Dindo grade II or higher. Secondary outcomes are (1) death or new significant disability at 90 days after surgery and (2) days alive and out of hospital at 30 days after surgery. Disability is measured using the short-form WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 instrument. Multivariable regression models and complementary metrics of prediction performance will be used to determine whether 6MWT distance adds prognostic value beyond routinely collected clinical factors and simpler measures of fitness.
The FAST Walk study has received research ethics board approval at all participating sites. Recruitment commenced in June 2024, with completion of participant follow-up expected in 2026. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations, with the primary results anticipated in 2027.
To explore the potential of multimodal large language models in alleviating the documentation burden on nurses while enhancing the quality and efficiency of patient care.
This position paper is informed by expert discussions and a literature review.
We extensively reviewed nursing documentation practices and advanced technologies, such as multimodal large language models. We analysed key challenges, solutions and impacts to propose a futuristic multimodal large language model-driven model for nursing documentation.
Multimodal large language models offer transformative capabilities by integrating multimodal audio, video and text data during patient encounters to dynamically update patient records in real time. This reduces manual data entry, enabling nurses to focus more on direct patient care. These systems also enhance care personalisation through predictive analytics and interoperability, which support seamless workflows and better patient outcomes. While predictive analytics could improve patient care by identifying trends and risk factors from nursing documentation, further research is required to validate its accuracy and clinical utility in real-world settings. Ethical, legal and practical challenges, including privacy concerns and biases in artificial intelligence models, require careful consideration for successful implementation.
Transitioning to multimodal large language model-driven documentation systems can significantly reduce administrative burdens, improve nurse satisfaction and enhance patient care. However, successful integration demands interdisciplinary collaboration, robust ethical frameworks and technological advancements.
Implementing multimodal large language models could alleviate professional burnout, improve nurse–patient interactions, and provide dynamic, up-to-date patient records that facilitate informed decision making. These advancements align with the goals of patient-centred care by enabling more meaningful engagement between nurses and patients.
The problem being addressed is the administrative burden of nursing documentation. We suggest that multimodal large language models minimise manual documentation, enhance patient care quality and significantly impact nurses and patients in diverse healthcare settings globally.
Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions characterised by pathological behaviours related to food intake, often accompanied by a chronic obsession with weight control. Their prevalence is increasing, with an earlier onset and greater severity among young people. Universal prevention, through multicomponent strategies that tackle modifiable risk factors, has emerged as a promising tool. This paper reports the study protocol designed to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the PRETA (Prevención de los Trastornos de la Alimentación) programme in reducing the risk of eating disorders and related modifiable risk factors among preadolescents in the school setting.
The PRETA programme will be assessed by means of an open, community-based, multicentre, controlled trial using 1:1 matched-pairs cluster randomisation at the school level. Schools in Tenerife (Spain) will be assigned to the PRETA programme or a waitlist control group. Participants include 5th- or 6th-grade students (10–13 years old), their parents and teachers. The PRETA programme is a universal, school-based, multicomponent programme designed to reduce eating-disorder risk and modifiable risk factors. Its main component is an interactive online platform called e-PRETA, complemented by training sessions for families and teachers. e-PRETA includes nine 45-minute sessions addressing risk factors, such as dietary habits, beauty standards, media literacy, self-esteem, emotional regulation and social skills. A total of 1068 children from 12 schools will participate. The primary outcome will be the risk of developing eating disorders (Children’s Eating Attitudes Test-26 item version). Secondary outcome measures are body dissatisfaction (Adapted Contour Drawing Rating Scale), eating disorder traits (Eating Disorder Inventory-2), internalisation of appearance ideals (Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4) and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and postintervention (3 months). Additional baseline covariates such as electronic device use, parental feeding attitudes, physical activity, sleep duration and screen time will also be collected. Programme effectiveness will be analysed using generalised mixed models. Cost-effectiveness will be assessed by comparing the incremental costs associated with the implementation of the PRETA programme with its estimated effectiveness.
Ethics approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee for Research with Medicines at the University Hospital of the Canary Islands (CHUC_2021_78). Written informed consent will be obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participants. Results will be disseminated through scientific publications and conferences.
The combination with corticosteroids as immunomodulators has been the subject of debate in different infectious syndromes. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy (the percentage of patients hospitalised with influenza with a status of 3 or higher according to the Hospital Recovery Scale (HRS) on day 7 after the start of treatment) and safety of dexamethasone.
Investigator-initiated multicentre, blinded, randomised placebo-controlled trial with two parallel treatment arms. The study population will consist of adult patients (over 18 years of age) hospitalised with severe influenza. One arm will receive one capsule of 6 mg of dexamethasone for 7 days, and the other arm will receive one capsule of placebo for 7 days of antibiotic treatment for 7 days or longer. Both groups will receive oseltamivir (75 mg/12 hours orally) for 5 days, extendable to 10 days depending on the investigator decision. Randomisation will occur in equal proportion (1:1). Patients with bronchial hyper-responsiveness that requires systemic corticosteroids for more than 24 hours, preinclusion treatment with corticosteroids for more than 24 hours at a dose equal to or higher than 1 mg/kg methylprednisolone (0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone or 1.25 mg/kg prednisone), inability to administer oral oseltamivir, patients with severe comorbidity with a life expectancy of
The study is approved by the Institutional Review Board of Alicante Health Department—Dr. Balmis General University Hospital (LOC-100061146). The results of the main trial and each of the secondary endpoints will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal
The Puerto Rico Department of Health (PRDH) seeks to identify dengue epidemics as early as possible with high specificity.
Development and prospective application of an early warning system for dengue epidemics using routine historical surveillance data. A weekly intercept-only negative binomial regression model was fitted using historical probable and confirmed dengue data. A range of threshold definitions was explored using three model-estimated percentiles of weekly dengue case counts.
Dengue is endemic in Puerto Rico with irregular occurrence of large epidemics with substantial impact on health burden and health systems. Probable and confirmed dengue data are routinely collected from all hospitals and private clinics.
A total of 86 282 confirmed or probable dengue virus cases were reported from 1 January 1986 to 30 June 2024, with an annual mean of 2212 cases (median: 1533; range: 40–10 356).
The model was fitted retrospectively to mimic real-time epidemic detection and assessed based on sensitivity and specificity of epidemic detection.
The 75th percentile threshold aligned best with historical epidemic classifications, balancing false alarms and missed detections. This model provides a robust method for defining thresholds, accounting for skewed data, using all historical data and improving on traditional methods like endemic channels.
In March 2024, PRDH declared a public health emergency due to an early, out-of-season surge in cases that exceeded the epidemic alert threshold developed in this study. This real-time application highlights the value of these thresholds to support dengue epidemic detection and public health response. Integrating thresholds with other tools and strategies can enhance epidemic preparedness and management.
With ambient listening systems increasingly adopted in healthcare, analyzing clinician-patient conversations has become essential. The Omaha System is a standardized terminology for documenting patient care, classifying health problems into four domains across 42 problems and 377 signs/symptoms. Manually identifying and mapping these problems is time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study aims to automate health problem identification from clinician-patient conversations using large language models (LLMs) with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG).
Using the Omaha System framework, we analyzed 5118 utterances from 22 clinician-patient encounters in home healthcare. RAG-enhanced LLMs detected health problems and mapped them to Omaha System terminology. We evaluated different model configurations, including embedding models, context window sizes, parameter settings (top k, top p), and prompting strategies (zero-shot, few-shot, and chain-of-thought). Three LLMs—Llama 3.1-8B-Instruct, GPT-4o-mini, and GPT-o3-mini—were compared using precision, recall, and F1-score against expert annotations.
The optimal configuration used a 1-utterance context window, top k = 15, top p = 0.6, and few-shot learning with chain-of-thought prompting. GPT-4o-mini achieved the highest F1-score (0.90) for both problem and sign/symptom identification, followed by GPT-o3-mini (0.83/0.82), while Llama 3.1-8B-Instruct performed worst (0.73/0.72).
Using the Omaha System, LLMs with RAG effectively automate health problem identification in clinical conversations. This approach can enhance documentation completeness, reduce documentation burden, and potentially improve patient outcomes through more comprehensive problem identification, translating into tangible improvements in clinical efficiency and care delivery.
Automating health problem identification from clinical conversations can improve documentation accuracy, reduce burden, and ensure alignment with standardized frameworks like the Omaha System, enhancing care quality and continuity in home healthcare.
The rapid growth in the cancer survivor population in Chile and Latin America raises new challenges in addressing their care needs. This study assesses the health status and compares the quality of care and quality of life in cancer survivors at a primary care network and a private cancer centre in Santiago, Chile.
Retrospective cohort study.
Three primary care clinics and one cancer centre in Chile.
All breast and colorectal cancer patients identified from a primary care retrospective cohort of 61 174 were followed from 2018 to 2023 and compared with an equivalent sample of patients from a university cancer centre identified during the same period.
Quality of care was assessed based on American Cancer Society standards, while quality of life was measured using the EuroQol 5 Dimensions-5 Levels survey instrument.
A total of 420 cancer survivors participated in the study; 208 from primary care and 212 from the cancer centre. All participants received substandard care. Patients in primary care had lower educational levels and higher rates of comorbidity. They reported a lower quality of life score (72.22 vs 78.43, p
Cancer survivors face a significant disease burden and receive substandard care in Chile. As the primary source of care for this population, primary care is challenged to better integrate with speciality care to develop an effective shared care model for cancer survivors.
Introducción. La punción arterial para el análisis gasométrico provoca dolor de intensidad variable. Este dolor podría alterar la dinámica ventilatoria y, por tanto, los parámetros respiratorios de la muestra sanguínea. Objetivos. Determinar la posible relación entre el dolor inducido por la punción arterial y los parámetros obtenidos del análisis gasométrico de estas muestras de sangre. Como objetivos secundarios, obtener la prevalencia del dolor provocado en la muestra estudiada y la posible asociación con el número de intentos. Metodología. Estudio transversal que incluyó 100 muestras arteriales de 61 pacientes durante el primer semestre de 2024. La intensidad del dolor, reportada mediante la escala NRS-11, fue la variable principal de estudio. Se analizó la asociación de esta variable con variables gasométricas (por ejemplo, pH, pO2, pCO2 y lactato) y con otras variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con punción arterial. Resultados. La edad fue de 69,43 ± 13,07 y el 68% eran hombres. Respecto a la variable principal de resultado, la puntuación media del dolor fue de 4,03 ± 2,61. La intensidad del dolor no mostró asociación con ninguna variable gasométrica. Sin embargo, el número de intentos de obtener con éxito una muestra arterial mostró significación. Tras ajustar por otras variables, cada intento adicional aumentaba el dolor en 1,14 puntos. Discusión. No se encontró asociación entre el dolor de la punción arterial y los parámetros del análisis gasométrico, por lo que los resultados pueden interpretarse de forma robusta en situaciones en las que no es posible un manejo adecuado del dolor.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Arterial puncture for gasometrical analysis causes pain of varying intensity. This pain could alter the ventilatory dynamics and therefore the respiratory parameters of the blood sample. Objectives. To determine the possible relationship between the pain induced by arterial puncture and the parameters obtained from the gasometrical analysis of these blood samples. As secondary objectives, to obtain the prevalence of pain caused in the sample studied and the possible association with the number of attempts. Methodology. Cross-sectional study involving 100 arterial samples from 61 patients during the first half of 2024. Pain intensity reported by the NRS-11 was the main study variable. The association of this variable with gasometrical variables (for example: pH, pO2, pCO2, lactate) and with other variables of different nature (sociodemographic and related to the arterial puncture itself) was analyzed. Results. The age was 69,43 ± 13,07 and 68% were men. Regarding the main outcome variable, the mean pain score was 4.03 ± 2.61. Pain intensity showed no association with any of the gasometric variables. However, the number of attempts to successfully obtain an arterial sample showed significance. After adjustment for other variables, each additional attempt increased pain by 1.14 points. Discussion. No association was found between arterial puncture pain and gasometric analysis parameters, so the results can be robustly interpreted in situations where adequate pain management is not possible.
Objetivo principal: identificar qué actividades guían el trabajo de la enfermera en una unidad de cuidados intensivos para adultos. Metodología: revisión integradora, realizada sobre la base de Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud y Sistema de Análisis y Recu-peración de Literatura Médica en línea, entre enero y febrero de 2019. La búsqueda resultó en 15 producciones, que fueron analizadas a través del análisis de contenido temático. Resultados principales: a partir del análisis de los estudios, surgió la siguiente categoría temática: “Actividades que guían el trabajo de la enfermera en una unidad de cuidados intensivos para adultos”, destacando: observación y vigilancia constantes, manejo de instrumentos tecnológicos e interpretación de información de estos dispositivos, desempeño y comunicación entre un equipo multidisciplinario, realizando una evaluación y plan de atención al paciente. Conclusión principal: aunque algunas actividades pueden caracterizarse como técnicas, también existen aquellas que involucran la subjetividad de las enfermeras, dirigidas a una atención más individualizada y guiadas por el ejercicio de la autonomía.
Objetivo principal: Determinar los aspectos educativos de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la etapa infanto-juvenil. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica narrativa, en inglés y español, publicada en los últimos 10 años e indexada en diferentes bases de datos de Ciencias de la Salud (MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, SciELO y CUIDEN). Resultados principales: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 una enfermedad emergente en la población infantil. Las intervenciones de enfermería consisten en educación para la saluden la adquisición de hábitos de vida saludables. La familia supone un eje fundamental en la estrategia de cuidados. Conclusión principal: Las intervenciones enfermeras deben estar encaminadas a la Educación para la Salud y, en caso de diagnóstico de la enfermedad, realizar entrevistas terapéuticas, fomentando la motivación y autoconfianza, con el apoyo de la familia.
Introducción. La quimioterapia produce el efecto secundario más temido por los pacientes con cáncer, la alopecia, que podría evitarse con gorros de crioterapia del cuero cabelludo. Objetivo principal. Evaluar la crioterapia del cuero cabelludo como método preventivo para la alopecia inducida por quimioterapia. Metodología. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica narrativa, seleccionándose 22 artículos, introduciendo ecuaciones de búsqueda en varias bases de datos. Desarrollo. Su eficacia es difícil de determinar y la efectividad es muy variable, aprobándose en pacientes con cánceres sólidos. Sin embargo, existen ciertos efectos secundarios, requiriéndose de cuidados de enfermería independientemente de la técnica utilizada. Conclusiones. Estudios han demostrado que el uso de este método es eficaz y efectivo, y que su uso no aumenta el riesgo de metástasis en el cuero cabelludo, contraindicándose en pacientes con tumores hematoló-gicos.
Objetivos: Caracterizar el estado emocional y la percepción del paso del tiempo en el paciente con enfermedad crónica avanzada, y compararlo con la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria. Metodología: Es un estudio cuantitativo de tipo observacional descriptivo y transversal, mediante el cual profundizamos en el estado emocional del paciente. Basado en la administración de un cuestionario para recoger variables demográficas y clínicas, en el que se integró el Índice de Karnofsky, Escala de percepción subjetiva del tiempo de Bayés, Escala Breve de Introspección del Estado de Ánimo, Escala de Evaluación de Síntomas de Edmonton y Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria. Resultados: Los pacientes con enfermedad crónica avanzada presentaron altos niveles de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, y una predominancia de los estados de ánimo negativos, existiendo correlación entre las respuestas de los pacientes a la escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria y los estados emocionales identificados mediante la Escala Breve de Introspección del Estado de Ánimo. Respecto al paso del tiempo estos pacientes lo perciben como lento o muy lento, existiendo correlación con la presencia de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva. Conclusiones: La percepción subjetiva del tiempo y la descripción de los estados de ánimo evaluados mediante la Escala Breve de Introspección del Estado de Ánimo pueden ser una buena herramienta para la detección de malestar emocional.
Introducción: La Cultura de Seguridad del paciente está relacionada con las creencias y actitudes que asumen los profesionales en su práctica, para garantizar que no se causará daño innecesario o potencial, asociado a la atención en salud. Objetivos: Determinar la percepción de la Enfermería de Atención Primaria sobre las diferentes dimensiones de la Seguridad del Paciente y detectar si la carga asistencial y los años de experiencia profesional son factores que pueden interferir en la adopción de dicha cultura. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Analiza los resultados del cuestionario "Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture" (MOSPS) en su versión española. El cuestionario va dirigido a los enfermeros del área de salud de Palencia de Atención Primaria. Para el análisis de resultados se emplea la herramienta Excel del Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC) para su uso por los equipos de atención primaria del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Se añade análisis bivariante con las variables independientes edad y número de Tarjetas Sanitarias asignadas considerando una p<0.05 .Se calcula el Índice Sintético de Seguridad del Paciente (ISSP). El análisis es realizado con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 19.0. Resultados: Se identifican 11 áreas fuertes en cultura de seguridad y destaca “el seguimiento de la atención a los pacientes”. Con potencial de mejora, “la comunicación franca” y “la comunicación sobre el error”. No resultó relación estadísticamente significativa entre la cultura de seguridad y las variables edad de los profesionales y número de tarjetas asignadas. El ISSP es 3,57. Conclusiones: El hecho de mostrar 11 áreas fuertes y ninguna débil en el análisis de respuestas positivas por variables, permite un escenario idóneo a reforzar y revela el protagonismo de los profesionales de enfermería de AP en la consecución de una atención segura.
FreshRSS 