Research has yielded contradictory results regarding differences in physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk between children and adolescents living in rural and urban areas.

The present study aimed to analyse the moderating role of area of residence on the association of physical fitness and anthropometric parameters in Chilean adolescents.

Cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative school-based sample from Chile.

A total of 7,833 adolescents with an average age of 15.8±0.7 years participated in both rural (n=759) and urban (n=7,074) settings. Physical fitness tests were evaluated using the Assessing Levels of Physical Activity and Fitness (ALPHA-Fitness) battery and anthropometric variables such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Generalised linear models with Gaussian distributions were constructed to estimate moderation models, with anthropometric-related variables as dependent variables, physical fitness variables as independent variables and area of residence as a moderator. Moderation analyses were conducted to examine whether the area of residence influences the association between physical fitness and anthropometric indicators (WC, WHtR and BMI).

In all models, place of residence did not moderate the potential associations between physical fitness and anthropometric indicators; for example, cardiorespiratory fitness with WC (B=0.13, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.31; 0=0.160), WHtR (B=0.08, 95% CI –0.03 to 0.20; p=0.143) or BMI (B=0.08, 95% CI –0.03 to 0.20; p=0.207).

These findings suggest the associations between physical fitness and anthropometric outcomes do not differ significantly between rural and urban adolescents.

The rapid growth in the cancer survivor population in Chile and Latin America raises new challenges in addressing their care needs. This study assesses the health status and compares the quality of care and quality of life in cancer survivors at a primary care network and a private cancer centre in Santiago, Chile.

Retrospective cohort study.

Three primary care clinics and one cancer centre in Chile.

All breast and colorectal cancer patients identified from a primary care retrospective cohort of 61 174 were followed from 2018 to 2023 and compared with an equivalent sample of patients from a university cancer centre identified during the same period.

Quality of care was assessed based on American Cancer Society standards, while quality of life was measured using the EuroQol 5 Dimensions-5 Levels survey instrument.

A total of 420 cancer survivors participated in the study; 208 from primary care and 212 from the cancer centre. All participants received substandard care. Patients in primary care had lower educational levels and higher rates of comorbidity. They reported a lower quality of life score (72.22 vs 78.43, p

Cancer survivors face a significant disease burden and receive substandard care in Chile. As the primary source of care for this population, primary care is challenged to better integrate with speciality care to develop an effective shared care model for cancer survivors.