Conectar
To map and synthesise existing evidence on pregnant women’s perceptions and experiences of social media communication for antenatal care (ANC).
Scoping review.
Four electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar) alongside ‘grey’ and supplementary searches were conducted between December 202–January 2026.
All studies reporting pregnant women’s perceptions or experiences of social media communication for ANC.
Data were extracted independently by two reviewers using a structured charting framework. Extracted data were synthesised using a descriptive and narrative approach, with pregnant women’s perceptions and experiences analysed through reflexive thematic analysis.
Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Across platforms including WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram and WeChat, pregnant women generally perceived social media communication as acceptable and beneficial, particularly for accessing trustworthy information, reassurance between visits, peer support and flexible engagement. Experiences varied by platform, moderation model and context. Key challenges included limited personalisation, variability in moderators’ capacity and responsiveness, digital literacy barriers, data affordability, privacy concerns and sociocultural influences. Equity-related considerations were recurrent, highlighting the potential for uneven experiences if digital communication is not carefully designed and standardised.
Social media communication is generally experienced positively by pregnant women as a complement to routine ANC, particularly when professionally moderated and responsive to women’s informational needs. However, variability in experiences and equity-related challenges underscore the need for further research and careful implementation. This scoping review provides a preliminary mapping of the evidence and identifies priorities for future qualitative synthesis, primary research and the development of inclusive, person-centred digital ANC communication strategies.
by Jie Yao, Changshuai Zhou, Liren Ding
BackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a predominant subtype of lung cancer associated with an unfavorable prognosis. However, the roles of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and Kynureninase (KYNU) in LUAD remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of KYNU in macrophages and LUAD.
MethodsAll LUAD related data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The expression of KYNU was analyzed across different cell types following dimensionality reduction analysis. Immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy response prediction were performed using CIBERSORT and TIMER, respectively. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was employed for functional enrichment.
ResultsAmong all immune cells in LUAD, KYNU was primarily expressed in monocytes and macrophages. The upregulated genes in KYNU+macrophages group were significantly enriched in in gene ontology (GO) terms related to antigen processing and presentation. There were increased MHC-I/ MHC-II signal interactions between KYNU+macrophages and B cells as well as T cells. In LUAD patients with higher proportions of KYNU+macrophages, a significantly greater number of patients benefited from immunotherapy (p = 0.033). GSVA results indicated that the MHC pathway was significantly activated in high KYNU+macrophage group.
ConclusionsKYNU is primarily in LUAD macrophages, contributing to the distinct immune features and correlating with the enhanced antigen presentation in LUAD. This study preliminarily confirms that KYNU may serve as a potential biomarker for immunotherapy.
To assess the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) against clinical nursing students during internships and quantify the prevalence of different types of violence, such as physical, verbal and sexual.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Eligible cross-sectional studies that reported WPV prevalence among clinical nursing students were included. Two researchers independently screened literature and extracted data. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to evaluate bias risk. Pooled prevalence rates, heterogeneity and publication bias were examined.
A comprehensive search was conducted across eight databases, from the inception of each database to 31 March 2025.
A total of 16 cross-sectional studies from eight countries involving 8037 nursing students were included in the analysis, with 11 studies (n = 5550) contributing to the overall pooled estimate. Using a random-effects model, the pooled prevalence of WPV of any type was found to be 40%, with substantial heterogeneity. Verbal violence emerged as the most prevalent subtype (47%), followed by sexual violence (12%) and physical violence (10%). Significant publication bias was detected for both physical and sexual violence, indicating a potential underestimation of the true prevalence.
This systematic review indicated that WPV is a significant occupational hazard encountered by clinical nursing students across diverse international contexts represented during internships.
These findings highlight the urgent need for educational and healthcare institutions and policymakers to implement coordinated measures, such as enhanced preventive training, comprehensive reporting and support systems and a zero tolerance safety culture to protect the future nursing workforce.
This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct or reporting.
The research protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251027354).
by Ningjing Guo, Xuyan Li, Xiaoxue Li, Congmin Kang, Xiaoyan Gong, Xinyu Ji, Jie Zheng
BackgroundExploratory applications of large language models within the specialized field of metabolic and bariatric surgery have begun to emerge. Nevertheless, existing research remains fragmented, lacking comprehensive integration.
ObjectiveTo conduct a scoping review of studies on the application of large language models in the field of metabolic and bariatric surgery, aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice and future research.
MethodsThis scoping review adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework and followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines.PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were searched for relevant studies, with the search timeframe from database inception to November 2025. The included literature was summarized and analyzed.
ResultsA total of 21 English-language studies were included. LLMs were primarily applied in scenarios such as patient education and information consultation, clinical decision support, and professional knowledge assessment. While LLMs performed well in information-provision tasks, they showed low consistency with expert opinions in complex clinical tasks such as individualized surgical recommendations. Performance varied across different models, with GPT-4 generally demonstrating superior performance, and domain-specific models showing professional potential. Current research still faces challenges regarding information accuracy, readability, and clinical applicability.
ConclusionLarge language models hold auxiliary potential in the field of metabolic and bariatric surgery, particularly for knowledge dissemination and patient education. However, their reliability in complex clinical decision-making remains limited. Future efforts should focus on conducting high-quality studies, advancing model specialization and standardized evaluation, and exploring safe and effective human-AI collaboration models.
by Lu Zhang, Si Wang, Jie Lei, Lingrui Zeng, Ailin Lu, Yongqing Wu, Yuan Shi, Jing Yang, Mengrui Yuan, Hongyi Liu
BackgroundDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is closely linked to immune and inflammatory dysregulation. Multi-component pharmacological interventions have been explored as complementary approaches for metabolic and immune modulation; however, their effects on DPN and related mechanisms remain incompletely understood.
MethodsA rat model of T2DM-associated peripheral neuropathy was established, and a multi-component pharmacological intervention (MPCI) was administered for 8 weeks. Peripheral nerve dysfunction was evaluated by motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (MNCV and SNCV), behavioral outcomes, and histological/ultrastructural assessments. In parallel, spleen tissues were collected for transcriptomic profiling. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes and immune-related pathways, and representative molecules involved in inflammatory regulation were further validated using western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR in sciatic nerve tissue.
ResultsMPCI administration significantly ameliorated peripheral nerve dysfunction in T2DM rats, as evidenced by improved nerve conduction velocities and pathological features. Transcriptomic analysis of spleen tissue revealed that MPCI was associated with broad remodeling of diabetes-related immune and inflammatory gene programs. In parallel, sciatic nerve analyses showed attenuation of NF-κB/c-Jun–associated inflammatory signaling and modulation of inhibitory regulators at both the protein and mRNA levels.
ConclusionThese findings indicate that MPCI improves T2DM-associated DPN and is associated with splenic immune remodeling and attenuation of peripheral nerve inflammatory signaling, providing exploratory evidence for associations between splenic immune transcriptomic remodeling and peripheral nerve inflammatory signaling.
To assess the resilience of nurses exposed to workplace violence and analyse its influencing factors.
A cross-sectional study.
From October 2023 to April 2025, 396 nurses were recruited from hospitals in Shanghai and Nanjing, China. Personal Information Form, Hospital Workplace Violence Questionnaire, Resilience Assessment Scale for Medical Staff, General Self-efficacy Scale and Social Support Rating Scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and mediating effect analysis were used to analyse the data.
The mean resilience score was 67.38 ± 15.52. Professional title, self-efficacy and social support were the main influencing factors on resilience among nurses exposed to workplace violence. Resilience showed a significant positive correlation with both self-efficacy and social support. Self-efficacy was directly and positively associated with resilience, and was positively associated with social support, and social support partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience.
Self-efficacy is directly and positively associated with resilience. Social support partially mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience. These findings highlight the interaction between personal and environmental factors in shaping the resilience of nurses exposed to workplace violence.
Enhancing resilience among nurses exposed to workplace violence has important implications for increasing patient satisfaction and improving the quality of nursing.
Provided valuable insights into workplace violence within the nursing profession. Social support partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience. Improving nurses' resilience requires enhancing personal self-efficacy and strengthening social support systems.
STROBE checklist was used.
Climate change poses significant public health challenges globally, particularly in vulnerable regions such as The Gambia. Despite growing recognition of environmental impacts, limited research has examined community-level awareness of climate change health effects in West African settings. This study aimed to assess household awareness and perceptions of climate change impacts on public health among vulnerable communities in the North Bank Region, The Gambia and identify socio-demographic determinants of climate change awareness.
In this study, we conducted a community-based cross-sectional study. Using multistage sampling, we selected 35 communities across seven districts. Data were collected via structured questionnaires administered in local languages (Mandinka, Wolof, Fula) using KoboToolbox.
This study was conducted among 868 residents aged ≥18 years in the North Bank Region between January and February 2024.
Overall, 85.7% (n=744) of respondents had heard about climate change, with radio (53.6%) being the primary information source. Participants demonstrated high awareness of certain climate hazards, such as excessive heat (76.4%) and altered rainfall patterns (55.2%), but less so for other hazards, such as flooding (30.3%). Respondents correctly identified multiple health impacts to health and livelihoods, including heat stress (65.8%), dehydration (57.3%), respiratory diseases (73.6%), waterborne diseases (59.0%) and crop failure (86.4%). Multivariable analysis revealed that older age (>39 years: adjusted OR (aOR)=2.50, 95% CI 1.49 to 4.21) and tertiary education (aOR=3.93, 95% CI 1.50 to 10.30) were independent predictors of climate change awareness. Approximately 77% of participants reported experiencing climate change effects in their communities within the past 5 years.
This first comprehensive assessment of climate-health awareness in the North Bank Region of The Gambia reveals substantial community recognition of climate change and its health consequences. Significant disparities in awareness by age and educational attainment indicate that targeted educational interventions focused on younger populations and those with limited formal education are warranted.
Vicarious trauma is prevalent among nurses in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs), which induces adverse physiological, psychological and cognitive alterations. These alterations not only impair nurses' well-being but also compromise patient safety, necessitating more research in this understudied area.
To explore the cognitive and emotional experience of vicarious trauma undergone by PICU nurses.
This study employed a qualitative descriptive design.
The research team conducted semi-structured individual interviews among 12 critical care nurses in a tertiary children's hospital. Participants were recruited by means of purposive sampling in October 2025. Data were analysed following a thematic analysis method in ATLAS.ti version 25.
The experience of vicarious trauma among PICU nurses was summarized into four major themes and 11 sub-themes. The major themes included traumatic scenario, double-edged sword effects, coping strategies and multi-level support needs.
The experience of vicarious trauma among PICU nurses involved various triggers and led to negative holistic impacts. In response, the nurses predominantly adopted emotion-focused coping strategies, highlighting a need for enhanced support structures to promote post-traumatic growth. The findings lay a foundation for targeted interventions aimed at mitigating vicarious trauma among PICU nurses, ultimately improving nurses' well-being and patient safety.
Following the EQUATOR guidelines, reporting was guided by the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).
No patient or public contribution.
PICU nurses should pay attention to vicarious trauma and actively adopt corresponding strategies to mitigate its negative impacts, thereby facilitating its transition toward posttraumatic growth. Clinical administrators should establish comprehensive, multi-level support systems to assist nurses in managing vicarious trauma and to promote their overall psychological well-being and occupational health.
The aim of this study is to explore whether subjective cognitive decline and frailty were related to each other and whether nutrition mediated their association.
From January 2025 to May 2025, a total of 194 middle-aged and elderly MHD patients were selected by convenience sampling method. Cross-sectional data on patients' subjective cognitive decline, nutrition, and frailty were collected using questionnaires. Data were analysed using SPSS 27.0 and PROCESS macros.
The frailty score of middle-aged and elderly MHD patients was 4.00 (range 3.00 to 9.00), and 69 (35.57%) were identified as frailty. Spearman correlation analysis showed that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) was positively correlated with frailty. Nutrition was positively associated with SCD and frailty. When controlling for covariates, nutrition was observed to mediate a relationship between SCD and frailty. The intermediate effect value accounted for 31.29% of the total effect.
Nutrition plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between SCD and frailty in middle-aged and elderly MHD patients in this cross-sectional study with a one-way correlational model. The negative effects of SCD on frailty can be mitigated by improving nutritional status. Considering the bidirectional interaction among SCD, nutrition and frailty, this mediating pathway needs to be further verified by longitudinal studies.
Our findings indicate that nutrition plays a mediating role in the association between SCD and frailty. Routine screening for SCD and nutritional status could be considered in clinical practice to detect those at elevated risk of frailty at an early stage. Targeted nutritional and cognitive interventions may help alleviate frailty progression, reduce adverse clinical outcomes, and enhance self-management ability and quality of life, thus supporting the establishment of comprehensive strategies for frailty prevention and management in haemodialysis settings.
This article follows the STROBE guidelines for the reporting of cross-sectional studies.
No patient or public contribution.
This study aimed to systematically review Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for nutritional management of dementia and use evidence mapping to highlight research trends and identify gaps to inform future research.
A systematic review of guidelines using the PRISMA statement.
Systematically collect literature on dementia management CPGs from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and guideline databases. Extract basic information, recommendations, methodological quality and reporting quality of the CPGs. Four researchers independently evaluated eligible CPGs using the AGREE II instrument and the RIGHT checklist. All recommendations from the CPGs were summarised and analysed, and evidence mapping bubble charts were created in Excel.
After excluding 5541 records, 10 CPGs were eventually proved eligible, 5 of which were of high quality and 5 of high quality. With 10 CPGs that combined 18 recommendations. The nutrition screening and assessment were summarised on the basis of the dementia recommendations for 4 major items, 7 items on nutritional interventions, 5 items on caring and 2 on education.
This review provides an evidence map and offers new perspectives on CPGs for nutritional management in dementia. However, there are improvements to the included CPGs, but most CPGs have a number of key recommendations that can help guide clinical practice.
The currently available guidelines on dementia nutritional management have room for methodological improvement.
To classify the unmet integrated care needs of older adults with multimorbidity and to explore the factors associated with different categories of unmet integrated care needs among the target population.
A cross-sectional survey using the statistical method of latent profile analysis.
From July 2022 to March 2023, 397 older adults with multimorbidity, aged 60 years or older, were recruited from one primary healthcare setting and from four secondary and tertiary hospitals to participate in face-to-face questionnaire surveys. The questionnaire used in this study to assess unmet integrated care needs among older adults with multimorbidity was self-designed through a series of steps, including a scoping review, expert consultation and cognitive interviews. Latent profile analysis was applied to uncover distinct profiles of unmet integrated care needs, and multinomial logistic regression was employed to explore whether the profiles were further distinguished by participants' sociodemographic and health-related covariates. The data were analysed using IBM SPSS v.29.0 and Mplus v.8.0.
The optimal solution was a four-profile model, characterised by high unmet integration needs, high unmet system integration needs, low unmet system integration needs and low unmet integration needs, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression results indicated that profile differences were associated with place of residence, number of coresidents and the presence or absence of complex multimorbidity.
The integrated care needs of older adults with multimorbidity have not yet been fully met. Classifying and characterising unmet integrated care needs profiles is a crucial step in the rational allocation of integrated care resources.
This study was reported based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) for cross-sectional studies.
All participants were older adults with multimorbidity, and they were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time.
To map evidence of the existing virtual reality-based dementia educational programmes and the effects of these educational programmes on dementia formal and informal caregivers.
A scoping review.
A comprehensive search of nine databases was conducted to find studies from the inception of the databases to October 2023. Two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts related to the eligibility criteria. Full texts of potentially relevant studies were read by one author and checked by a second. Data extraction and synthesis using NVivo 12 were undertaken by one author and checked by two other authors.
Nineteen studies published between 2002 and 2022. The four randomised controlled studies and five qualitative studies were of moderate to good methodological quality. The 10 quasi-experimental studies were of weak to moderate quality. Fifteen virtual reality-based educational programmes had a positive influence on formal and informal caregivers, including improving caregivers' perceptions changing attitudes towards people with dementia, while the nursing competence of formal caregivers did not improve in short term. Educational programmes that covered dementia-related information and care strategies better improved the knowledge level of dementia formal and informal caregivers.
The qualitative and quantitative studies of moderate to good quality included in this study support the idea that virtual reality-based dementia educational programmes may be a safe and effective way and have potential benefits for improving knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and nursing competence.
This scoping review will provide an emerging teaching model for formal and informal caregivers of people with dementia and help them better understand the types and the influence of virtual reality-based dementia educational programmes.
PRISMA-ScR.
Not required as this review in accordance with the aim to map existing literature from the dementia formal and informal caregivers' perspective.
This study examines the effects of perceived managerial care from head nurses and individual resilience on nurse-to-nurse lateral violence among newly graduated registered nurses and determines whether individual resilience mediates the effect of perceived managerial care from head nurses and nurse-to-nurse lateral violence.
Previous studies have examined how managerial care contributes to lateral violence among nurses. However, few studies have examined how individual resilience contributes to reducing lateral violence among newly graduated registered nurses.
This cross-sectional survey study used a three-stage, stratified convenient sampling method, which involved 425 newly graduated registered nurses. Participants completed the Chinese version of the Management Caring Assessment Scale, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Nurse-to-Nurse Negative Behaviour Scale. Structural equation modelling and mediation effect analysis were used to explore the relationships among perceived managerial care from head nurses, individual resilience, and nurse-to-nurse lateral violence.
New nurses experienced moderate levels of lateral violence. The final model accounted for 76.4% of the total variance of lateral violence. Managerial care and individual resilience both had a direct effect on lateral violence. Individual resilience mediated the correlations between managerial care and lateral violence.
Newly registered nurses, especially from rural areas with low levels of education and an inability to perform night shifts independently, are a special group that requires higher attention from nursing management.
Head nurses' managerial care plays an important role in ensuring that new nurses adapt well to their new role and promoting the formation of psychological resilience among nurses. Nursing managers should increase the level of concern they display for new nurses, especially those from rural areas, those with low levels of education, and those who are unable to perform night shifts independently.
Patients contributed to data collection through completing questionnaire surveys.
Multimorbidity among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection has emerged as a priority for healthcare and public health systems worldwide.
This study aimed to characterise time-trends in multimorbidities among patients with CHB infection. We identified multimorbidity clusters and combinations and quantified their associations with healthcare services utilisation.
A retrospective observational study, using electronic medical record data.
A large tertiary general hospital in China.
The study included 23 137 patients with CHB infection admitted between 2011 and 2023.
Latent class analysis and association rule mining (ARM) were performed to identify multimorbidity clusters and combinations, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression quantified associations between the identified multimorbidity patterns and length of stay (LOS), daily expense and 1-year readmission for liver-related conditions (OYRL).
The mean number of multimorbidities among hospitalised patients with CHB infection was 2.82±1.89. From 2011 to 2023, mean age increased from 44.2±13.7 to 48.4±13.1 (p
Multimorbidity imposes a substantial burden on CHB-infected patients. Our findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of CHB infection, as well as tailored integral strategies for multimorbidity management in individuals with CHB infection.
by Yu Chen, Xinjie Zhao, Ying Yue, Zhenyi Li, Si Chen
ObjectivesTo investigate factors associated with susceptibility to wild mushroom consumption using machine learning approaches and identify key predictors for targeted intervention development.
MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 216 Chinese university students employed three machine learning algorithms (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Extremely Randomized Trees [ExtraTrees]) to predict consumption susceptibility based on demographics, media usage, and cognitive factors. Susceptibility was assessed through scenario-based questions following established frameworks from tobacco research. Model performance was evaluated using AUC with 95% confidence intervals calculated via bootstrap resampling (1,000 iterations). Sensitivity analyses were conducted using alternative susceptibility thresholds.
Results65.3% were classified as susceptible to consumption. Logistic Regression achieved highest performance (AUC = 0.776, 95% CI: 0.679–0.862). Risk perception emerged as the strongest predictor (importance = 0.133 ± 0.044), followed by mushroom picking experience (0.101 ± 0.017) and content impression (0.089 ± 0.018). Among the 63 participants (29.2%) who reported using AI models, 75.93% indicated trust levels of ‘fairly trust’ or above.
ConclusionsIn this exploratory study of Chinese university students from a single institution, cognitive factors, particularly risk perception and identification ability, showed the strongest associations with consumption susceptibility. These preliminary findings suggest that targeted interventions enhancing risk awareness may be relevant for this population, though replication across diverse samples is needed before broader conclusions can be drawn.
by Hang Sun, Haozhi Xu, Junying Li, Xiaoman Xie, Junmei Zhang, Hongjie Dong, Huanhuan Xie, Qi Wang, Guihua Zhao, Kun Yin, Jingyu Yang, Jianwei Zhou, Ruili Wu, Chao Xu
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers globally. methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3)-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation plays a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression by regulating RNA function. STM2457, a highly efficient METTL3 inhibitor, can inhibit METTL3 activity and may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy in cancers. However, the role of STM2457 for GC cells is still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression profile data of GC in TCGA and GEO databases, and further explored the expression involvement of METTL3 in GC cell line, investigated the therapeutic effect of STM2457 targeted inhibition of METTL3 in GC both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results indicated that STM2457 could suppress GC cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting METTL3, and also promoted cell apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in S phase. In addition, STM2457 could inhibit tumor growth in subcutaneous xenotransplantation mouse model. Our findings suggested that STM2457 had great potential for the treatment of GC and could serve as a foundation for future clinical applications.To evaluate the maximum number of patients per nurse before quality and safety outcomes deteriorate in medical-surgical settings.
A secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data.
We analysed data from 609 direct care nurses working in British Columbia's medical-surgical areas. The relationship between nurse-to-patient ratios and quality and safety outcomes was analysed using both two-level and one-level regression models, including visualisations such as boxplots and scatterplots with LOESS curves. The analysis controlled for nurse demographics and hospital clustering effects.
Ratios ranged from 1:1 to 1:9, with outliers above 1:9 excluded. For desirable outcomes, last shift quality of care, unit safety grade, and recommending units to friends/family and to colleagues, the means were generally positive for ratios ranging from 1:2 or 1:3 to 1:4 but negative for ratios ranging from 1:5 to 1:8 or 1:9. This pattern was reversed for adverse outcomes, undone tasks and emotional exhaustion; the means were generally negative for ratios between 1:1 and 1:3 to 1:4 but became positive for ratios between 1:5 and 1:6 to 1:8. A turning point (crossing zero) was found between the ratios of 1:4 and 1:5 for all outcomes except patient adverse events, where the turning point was between the ratio of 1:3–1:4.
The findings provide preliminary evidence in support of minimum nurse-to-patient ratios of 1:4 in British Columbia's medical-surgical areas. Policy-makers and decision-makers should augment minimum nurse-to-patient ratios with other nurse-driven tools and nurse-management staffing methods that provide more flexibility to better meet fluctuating environmental, patient and staffing needs.
This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting.
Minimum ratios should be complemented by nurse-driven tools and flexible staffing strategies to account for contextual and resource variability.
This secondary analysis of 2015 survey data from 609 medical-surgical nurses in British Columbia, Canada supported a minimum nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:4 using a series of quality and safety outcomes for patients and nurses. This finding provides important preliminary evidence in support of the specific minimum nurse-to-patient ratios of 1:4 as the province prepares to implement this ratio in medical-surgical settings. Existing staffing models using minimum nurse-to-patient ratios may be augmented by employing additional staffing tools and methodologies that provide more flexible resource allocation.
This study adheres to STROBE guidelines.
FreshRSS 