Although the UK is a multicultural society, racially minoritised populations are often under-represented in healthcare research owing to the significant barriers to participation they experience.1 Under-representation of racially minoritised groups in research impacts the quality of evidence and applicability of findings to these groups. This, in part, explains why these communities are more likely to report poorer health and poorer experiences of using healthcare services than their White counterparts,2 given that their cultural and spiritual preferences are often ignored.3 This commentary will explore some of the persistent multifaceted barriers and the role of research ethics committees (RECs) in enabling inclusive healthcare research among racially minoritised communities, given their key responsibility in building public confidence, ensuring ethical conduct and safeguarding research participants. In addition, patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) can complement the roles of RECs in embracing diversity in healthcare...

Vital signs are essential markers of a patient’s physiological state, and these include heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, respiration rate and level of consciousness. Consequently, accurate assessment, documentation and interpretation of these markers are vital for early detection of patients’ deterioration and timely intervention.1 2

People with autism, particularly those experiencing moderate-to-severe intellectual impairments, face an increased likelihood of developing anxiety disorders.1 2 Although anxiety is common among this group, there is limited research demonstrating the effectiveness of psychological treatments for...

Shortages in the nursing workforce impact on the quality of patient care and pose a complex challenge for governments and healthcare organisations across the globe. There are estimated to be approximately 29 million nurses worldwide as of 2020, with a shortage of approximately 7 million against required levels. Despite growth in the workforce over the coming years, the nursing shortage is still projected to be 4.5M by 2030.1

One approach to addressing...

Previous investigations into postnatal debriefing have had mixed results regarding its effectiveness and have not established best practices for its usage.1 Shortcomings of prior studies included the heterogeneity of types of debriefing delivery, which varied across contexts (format, setting, provider type), and varying inclusion and exclusion criteria.1 Importantly,...

Sepsis is a life-threatening response to infection and remains a critical challenge with high morbidity and mortality rates. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) guidelines serve as a cornerstone for sepsis management and are pivotal in standardising care. Taylor et al’s article1 scrutinises the real-world implications of updated SSC antibiotic timing recommendations2 and offers critical insights into the practical effects of the revised antibiotic timing guidelines.

Children sometimes have subtle illness presentations and symptom overlap with non-serious conditions.1 Young age also presents a communication barrier. The combination of these factors can lead to diagnostic delays and sometimes misdiagnosis, particularly in emergency department (EDs) that do not see high volumes of children. In the USA, one in three EDs sees fewer than five children daily. A prior study linked low-paediatric ED volume to diagnostic delays in...

The term severe mental illness (SMI) refers to individuals with psychological conditions so profound that they significantly hinder their capacity to perform functional and occupational activities, with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder often being classified as SMIs.1 Evidence suggests that there is an association between an increased risk of multimorbidity and the presence of mental illness.2 However, the degree of association and the prevalence of...

There is a concerning rise in emotional burnout in the nursing population due to the ever-increasing emotional demand and stress levels of working in healthcare.1 2 Burnout leads to reduced staff levels, causing negative patient outcomes, with cost implications for healthcare and further strain on remaining staff, leading to more burnout.1 Emotional intelligence...

Anxiety is a prevalent issue among healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, owing to the highly stressful nature of their work environments.1 Increasing workload, emotional demands and critical responsibilities contribute to elevated anxiety levels, which can affect well-being and job performance.2 Mindfulness-based programmes have gained attention as potential interventions for alleviating anxiety by promoting mental well-being and resilience. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of these programmes in reducing anxiety among...

The WHO recommendations around intrapartum care aim that a positive experience of childbirth should be the outcome of labour for each woman.1 Care should be experienced as clinically and psychologically safe1 and provide emotional as well as practical support.1 Yet, racist practices can limit this. However, among staff, black women are perceived...

Although care for low-risk births in the Netherlands is primarily conducted by midwives, the use of consultant-led care has been increasing for a variety of indications, leading to a high patient burden for consultants. The induction of labour (IOL) of late-term pregnancies has historically been an indication for consultant-led care. This study by Velthuijs et...

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent birth defect that significantly affects infant and child mortality and morbidity.1 2 While medical advancements have extended the survival of children with CHD into adulthood, the financial burden on parents remains a growing concern. Indirect evidence links this to stress and family...

Diabetes is a widespread chronic disease, with steadily rising prevalence in most countries. In 2019, the global prevalence of diabetes was estimated at 9.3%, affecting 463 million people. This figure is projected to rise to 10.2% by 2030 and 10.9% by 2045.2 All people with type 1 diabetes and many people...

Over the past 20 years, virtual reality (VR) has emerged in culture and healthcare providing a virtual world with audio and visual stimuli that can be immersive or non-immersive. Immersive VR has headsets with motion detectors that enable a multidimensional environmental experience with sensory feedback. Non-immersive VR provides a one-dimensional digital environment observed...

People living with Long Covid often find the complexity of navigating health services difficult. The nurse’s role is to support patients in this context. This includes ensuring they are sufficiently informed about what Long Covid is. The specialist nurses recommended the British Heart Foundation’s online resource - Long Covid: Symptoms, tests and treatments: https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/news/coronavirus-and-your-health/long-covid%23whatdoesfatiguefeel.

Information about Long Covid is also available via Long Covid Physio: https://longcovid.physio/

Every person...

The use of intrapartum epidurals to manage pain during labour and birth has been globally accepted for decades.1 Kearns et al’s study included all Scottish National Health Service hospitals with birthing units that provide intrapartum care for women between 24 and 42+6 weeks gestation, having either a vaginal or an unplanned caesarean birth.2 Their research highlights the impact of epidural analgesia on 21 indicative conditions identified by the US Centers for Disease Control...

As a result of the mass scale of production of plastics since the 1950s, microplastics, defined as particles 1 Microplastics have been linked to reproductive toxicity in both cell culture...

The findings from this study by Lee et al1 mirror findings from similar studies across the world, reiterating that children with disabilities are receiving inadequate supports, particularly if they are living in a poor community or if they come from a minority background. The publishing of this article comes at a...