To assess the factors influencing dentists’ choice of restorative materials for posterior restorations, with a particular emphasis on the perceived influence of social media on patient preferences among general dental practitioners in Palestine.

Cross-sectional web-based survey.

A total of 550 general dentists practising in Palestine were invited between May and December 2023 through convenience and snowball sampling via social media platforms; 390 responded, and 350 complete responses were included in the final analysis.

No specific intervention was applied; this was an observational, questionnaire-based study.

Dentists’ selection of restorative materials (composite, amalgam or high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement (HVGIC)) for posterior restorations in relation to tooth type, patient age, oral hygiene, moisture control, financial status and social media influence.

Descriptive statistics, ² tests and multinomial logistic regression were used to examine associations and control for potential confounders.

Material selection varied significantly by tooth type (p

Patient-related factors were the main determinants of material selection, whereas practitioner demographics played a minimal role. HVGICs are preferred for paediatric and elderly patients because of their suitability for age-specific clinical needs. The influence of social media, assessed in this study as dentists’ perceptions rather than direct measures of patient behaviour, underscores its growing role in shaping dentists’ impressions of patient expectations and highlights the importance of evidence-based guidance and public education to support patient-centred, clinically appropriate restorative decisions.

To establish consensus definitions for non-visually impairing eye conditions (NVICs) and their methods of assessments to provide standards for use in population-based eye surveys.

A literature review of NVICs in sub-Saharan Africa, a questionnaire of inquiry based on the literature review developed by an expert panel and a modified Delphi exercise with three iterative rounds with eye health experts.

Eye health academia and community eye health in Nigeria.

Nigerian ophthalmologists, including subspecialists experienced in population-based eye health surveys.

Definitions and statements where at least 70% of the respondents agreed or strongly agreed.

Forty-two ophthalmologists practising in Nigeria with experience in conducting population-based eye health surveys were invited to take part in the Delphi exercise. There were three rounds with response rates of 39/42 (92.9%) in round 1, (94.9%) in round 2 and 100% in round 3. Consensus for NVICs to be included in population-based eye surveys, their definitions and methods for assessment was reached by the third round.

We propose case definitions for NVICs to be assessed in population-based eye surveys through a modified Delphi approach with an expert panel of ophthalmologists from across Nigeria. These case definitions will allow for standardisation of NVICs in population-based eye surveys to assess the prevalence and magnitude of the different types of NVICs for planning purposes. Further studies are needed to validate these case definitions and inform their evolution.

To assess how preoperative anaemia affects surgical outcomes in elderly patients within a resource-limited setting.

Prospective cohort study.

Two comprehensive specialised hospitals in Ethiopia.

Participants consisted of 224 patients aged 65 years and older who underwent surgery between 1 December 2024 and 29 March 2025.

Perioperative blood transfusions were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) admission, risk of postoperative complications, prolonged hospitalisation, poor recovery quality and in-hospital mortality.

The anaemic group required transfusions of three or more units more frequently than the non-anaemic group (10.5% vs 2.6%; absolute risk difference 8.0%). Their perioperative transfusion rates were significantly higher (42.3% vs 18.4%; p

Preoperative anaemia significantly increases the risk of transfusion, poor recovery, ICU admission, prolonged hospitalisation and in-hospital mortality in older patients who underwent surgery. In resource-limited settings, improving perioperative outcomes should prioritise the early detection and treatment of anaemia.

Assess the magnitude of adverse pregnancy outcomes and associated factors among mothers who had operative vaginal delivery in Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, 2024.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 November 2024 to 20 February 2025.

Seven comprehensive specialised hospitals were included in the study.

The study was employed on 389 mothers who had operative vaginal delivery.

Systematic sampling was used. Data were collected via questionnaires, chart reviews and observation. Data were entered into Epi Data V.4.6 and analysed using V.25 statistical package of social sciences. Variables with p

Adverse pregnancy outcomes of operative vaginal delivery.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes of operative vaginal delivery were 42.2%. Among them, 46 (11.8%) had only maternal complications, 55 (14.1%) had only neonatal complications and 63 (16.2%) had both maternal and neonatal complications. Perineal tear 29 (7.5%) and episiotomy extension 31 (8%) were the most common maternal complications, while caput succedaneum 45 (11.6%) was the most neonatal complication. The most common indication of operative vaginal delivery was prolonged second stage 203 (52.2%). Vacuum-assisted delivery (AOR 0.53; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.96), two tractions (AOR 2.19; 95% CI 1.23 to 3.90), birth weight less than 2.5 kg (AOR 1.85; 95% CI 1.21 to 2.83) and mid fetal station (AOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.49 to 5.64) were significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes following operative vaginal delivery were high. Type of instrumental vaginal delivery, number of tractions, fetal birth weight and fetal station were significantly increased risks. Therefore, operators should minimise traction attempts during operative vaginal delivery to reduce adverse outcomes.

Self-harm and suicide are common among prison inmates, but less is known about these phenomena in those with psychosis.

The aim of this study was to examine self-harm behaviour in New South Wales (NSW) prisons in Australia among inmates diagnosed with psychosis. This study also examined self-harm-related alerts applied by Corrective Services to assist staff with the management of the security and well-being of inmates.

A retrospective case-control data-linkage study was conducted using administrative data collections in NSW, Australia.

The study included all individuals diagnosed with psychosis and incarcerated between 2001 and 2020 in NSW as cases and an age and sex matched control group with no such diagnosis with a record of incarceration in the same time period.

The primary outcome measure was self-harm among the cases and controls. The secondary outcome measure was the application of alerts by Corrective Services in relation to self-harm incidents.

Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine predictors of self-harm in prison. Prisoners with psychosis (n=14 900) were more likely to self-harm than controls (n=2713), with 15.0% versus 3.6% engaging in self-harm (highest odds of self-harm observed in those with schizophrenia and related psychoses, aOR=4.84, 95% CI: 3.93 to 5.98). Those of Aboriginal heritage had an increased risk of self-harm (aOR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.43 to 1.75). Factors associated with a lower risk of self-harm were male sex and older age (≥25 years) at the time of their first incarceration. 35.6% of those released from prison with a prior psychosis diagnosis had at least one alert applied during incarceration compared with 10.1% of prisoners without a diagnosis of psychosis. Overall, 35 individuals with psychosis and 1 individual from the control group died while in prison between 2001 and 2020. 17 prison suicides were recorded from the study population; all occurred in the psychosis group.

Given the heightened risk of self-harm in those with histories of psychosis, consideration should be given to sharing mental health information between agencies to improve the care and management of this group during incarceration. Prison alerts may be a useful tool to help staff manage inmates’ well-being if used appropriately.

To assess the incidence of delirium and its predictors among adult patients admitted to the intensive care units of comprehensive specialised hospitals in the Amhara region of northwest Ethiopia from 18 October 2024 to 20 February 2025.

A multicentre prospective observational study was conducted.

Four comprehensive specialised hospitals in the Amhara region of northwest Ethiopia, from 18 October 2024 to 20 February 2025.

A total of 351 patients were included in the final analysis during the study period.

The primary outcome measure of this study was the incidence of delirium. Additionally, the study investigated the factors associated with delirium incidence among adult patients admitted to intensive care units.

The incidence of delirium among adult patients in intensive care units was 42.17% (95% CI: 37.08 to 47.42). Pain (adjusted HR (AHR) = 4.74; 95% CI: 2.38 to 9.44), mechanical ventilation (AHR = 2.96; 95% CI: 1.56 to 5.63), age 65 years or older (AHR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.48 to 3.21) and agitation (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) ≥1) (AHR = 3.26; 95% CI: 2.09 to 5.09) were statistically significant factors associated with delirium.

In the present study, more than one-third of patients developed delirium. Pain, mechanical ventilation, age 65 or older and agitation (RASS≥1) were significantly associated with delirium occurrence. To reduce the incidence of delirium, the current study recommends treating or preventing pain and agitation. Additionally, special attention should be given to patients receiving mechanical ventilation and those aged 65 or older during care.