To evaluate the patterns of abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR) follow-up testing for the detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Australian general practices.

Retrospective, population-based observational study.

2 717 966 adults who visited a MedicineInsight participating general practice between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2020, had ≥1 serum creatinine measurement (with or without a UACR measurement) and did not have CKD at baseline.

‘Guideline-concordant follow-up’ was defined as having a record of a repeat eGFR or UACR testing (assessed separately) within 6 months following the abnormal (eGFR2; UACR≥2.5 mg/mmol in males, ≥3.5 mg/mmol in females) incident result. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify patient factors associated with receiving appropriate follow-up testing.

A total of 220 841 and 114 889 patients with an abnormal incident eGFR and UACR result, respectively, were identified. Nearly half (45.0%) of the patients with an abnormal eGFR result and over two-thirds (69.7%) of the patients with an abnormal UACR result did not have a follow-up test within 6 months. Patient factors associated with a higher likelihood of follow-up eGFR testing included indicators of poorer baseline health and greater CKD risk, such as comorbid diabetes (adjusted OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.40) or more severe incident eGFR (adjusted ORs for eGFR categories 30–44, 15–29 and

In this large, population-based study, we observed substantial gaps in the follow-up of abnormal eGFR and UACR for the detection of CKD in primary care settings. Effective strategies to optimise follow-up testing for CKD detection are needed.

Mother-infant skin-to-skin contact (SSC) improves developmental and cognitive outcomes in preterm infants. However, the effects of SSC on healthy term infants remain unclear. We aim to investigate the short-term and long-term impacts of SSC in full-term infants to provide supporting data emphasising the importance of mother-infant SSC in South Korea.

This study is a prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. A total of 130 mothers and their healthy term infants will be recruited after birth. Participants will be randomised to the intervention (SSC) or control groups. Participants in both groups will be instructed on general newborn care guidance and requested to record the same in a mobile diary app daily for 2 weeks after hospital discharge. The intervention group will be educated on the importance and clinical advantages of mother-infant SSC and provided with practical guidance, along with an informational pamphlet. They will also be informed to engage in a minimum of 6 hours of SSC per day with the infant’s and mother’s chests exposed and in contact for at least 15 min per session and to keep a record of the contact time. Breastfeeding rate, time spent on SSC and holding clothed infant, maternal depression, anxiety and bonding scores will be measured. Infants’ growth, temperament and neurodevelopmental outcomes will be assessed. In addition, artificial intelligence algorithms will be developed to analyse infant movements captured in videos.

This study was approved by the institutional review board of the Korea University Anam Hospital (2024AN0613), and the results will be disseminated through scientific conferences and publications.

NCT06777524, registered on 14 January 2025.