To assess the preliminary effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a culturally tailored, music-based broadcast intervention delivered through schools and community radio to improve referral adherence among schoolchildren to inform the need for a definitive trial.

Pilot randomised interventional study.

18 schools across Unguja and Pemba islands, Zanzibar.

Schoolchildren (6–18 years old) who failed vision screening and were referred for care recruited from January to February 2024. The registered sample size reflects the full cohort, including children and adults. This manuscript reports on the child cohort only, as per the predefined analysis plan.

Group 1 received 3 months of school-based broadcasts of culturally tailored 3–6 min songs (played three times daily on 2 days per week), followed by 3 months of community radio broadcasts of additional songs (3–6 min, aired three times daily); Group 2 received the community broadcasts during the same period as Group 1.

The primary outcome was change in referral adherence assessed at two time points: 3 months after school broadcast and 3 months after community broadcast, expressed in difference-in-difference estimates and effect sizes. Secondary outcomes included reporting of adverse events and contamination, and cost-effectiveness calculated as cost per child reached and cost per referred child accessed care in study groups and combined intervention.

374 children were referred to eye care services, including 246 in Group 1 and 128 in Group 2. Referral adherence was 69.8% in Group 1 and 42.9% in Group 2 (p=0.0006). The school broadcast phase yielded an effect size of 0.26 and a cost of US$4.65 per referred child accessing services. The community broadcast produced an effect size of 0.21, with a cost of US$0.29 per person reached. The combined intervention reached individuals at a cost of US$0.37 per person. No adverse event and contamination was reported.

A combined school and community broadcast intervention improved referral adherence in this pilot trial, with evidence of cost-effectiveness. These findings support the conduct of a fully powered definitive trial.

NCT06469697.

The evidence for the optimal duration of psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD) is scarce. Two previous trials have compared different durations of psychotherapy. The first compared 6 months versus 12 months of dialectical behaviour therapy for BPD (the FASTER trial). The second compared 5 months versus 14 months of mentalisation-based therapy for BPD (the MBT-RCT trial). The primary objective of the present study will be to provide an individual patient data pooled analysis of two randomised clinical trials by combining the two short-term groups and the two long-term groups from the FASTER and MBT-RCT trials, thereby providing greater statistical power than the individual trials. Accordingly, we will evaluate the overall evidence on the effects of short-term versus long-term psychotherapy for BPD and investigate whether certain subgroups might benefit from short-term versus long-term psychotherapy.

An individual patient data pooled analysis of the FASTER trial and the MBT-RCT trial will be conducted. The primary outcome will be a composite of the proportion of participants with a suicide, a suicide attempt or a psychiatric hospitalisation. The secondary outcome will be the proportion of participants with self-harm. Exploratory outcomes will be BPD symptoms, symptom distress, level of functioning and quality of life. We will primarily assess outcomes at 15 months after randomisation for the FASTER trial and at 16 months after randomisation for the MBT-RCT trial. Predefined subgroups based on the design variables in the original trials will be tested for interaction with the intervention as follows: trial, sex (male compared with female), age (below or at 30 years compared with above 30 years) and baseline level of functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning baseline score at 0–49 compared with 50–100).

The statistical analyses will be performed on anonymised trial data that have already been approved by the respective ethical committees that originally assessed the included trials. The final analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and the results will be presented at national seminars and international conferences.

CRD42024612840.

To present older presbyopic Zanzibari craftswomen’s firsthand experiences with the eyeglasses, the challenges they face in advancing their businesses and proposed solutions to these challenges.

This participatory action research used solicited diaries, where 10 craftswomen documented their experiences with presbyopia correction for 6 months. The diaries were translated into English for qualitative content analysis. Researchers then held a 2-day listening workshop with 20 craftswomen to discuss the diary findings and gather their perspectives on challenges and solutions. These workshops included group discussions and debates to encourage open communication. Narrative analysis was conducted to identify the key narratives.

Zanzibar, Unguja and Pemba Islands.

Zanzibari craftswomen entrepreneurs with corrected presbyopia, 40 years and older.

Presbyopia near vision eyeglasses for 6 months.

The study found that improved vision with eyeglasses significantly benefits craftswomen in Zanzibar. They experience increased work efficiency, quality and income. Craftswomen also reported greater independence, confidence and participation in daily activities. However, limited market access and competition restrict their income growth. Business skills training in areas like marketing and finance is seen as a solution for sustainable success.

Improved near vision was associated with enhanced productivity, financial confidence and well-being among craftswomen. However, persistent barriers—including limited market access, competition and lack of business skills—highlight that a vision-only approach may not address the intersectional challenges faced by older women entrepreneurs in Zanzibar. These findings suggest that integrated strategies combining vision care with business mentoring may offer more sustainable support.