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Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) entails substantial morbidity and mortality, yet no epidemiologic evidence exists on its outcomes in Mexico. This study assessed national hospitalisations (2005–2022) and mortality (2000–2022) related to AAV using data from the General Board of Health Information.
Retrospective, population-based time-trend analysis on administrative health data.
Mexico’s national hospital discharge and mortality registries, covering 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2022.
All individuals aged ≥ 15 years with a primary or secondary International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, diagnosis of AAV recorded during hospitalisation or on death certificates nationwide.
The study’s primary outcomes were the age-standardised hospitalisation and mortality rates for AAV (expressed per 100 000 population, overall and by sex), with temporal trends in both rates quantified using Joinpoint regression to calculate annual percent change (APC) and average APC (AAPC).
We identified 2804 hospitalisations and 599 deaths. Females accounted for 49.7% of hospitalisations, while males represented 48.7% of deaths. Although the overall age-standardised hospitalisation rate (ASHR) and mortality rate (ASMR) AAPCs were not statistically significant, relevant trends emerged. From 2010 to 2022, ASHR declined significantly (APC: –5.2%; 95% CI –9.7, –0.5; p=0.03), whereas mortality rates remained stable from 2000 to 2022 (AAPC: +3%; 95% CI –4.6, 11.3; p=0.45). Nevertheless, mortality increased among males (APC: +6.4%; 95% CI 0.9, 12.2; p=0.02) and individuals over 45 years (APC: +8.6%; 95% CI 1.7, 16.0; p=0.02) from 2008 onwards.
Overall, these findings indicate no major changes in national rates but reveal a decline in hospitalisations since 2010 and a rise in mortality for specific subgroups since 2008. Targeted interventions, particularly for older adults and men, appear warranted to address this evolving disease burden. Future research should explore underlying risk factors and evaluate tailored strategies to improve clinical outcomes in AAV across Mexico.
This study aims to assess the association of multimorbidity with capacity impairment in the Chilean population.
Cross-sectional study.
We analysed data from the National Health Survey performed in Chile in 2016 and 2017.
Persons aged 15 years and over were selected using a random, stratified and multistage sampling by clusters in all 15 geographical regions of the country.
We consider the WHO’s definition of multimorbidity as the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions in the same person. For capacity impairment, the survey included 24 items in eight dimensions that represent functioning as a reflection of the overall health experience perceived by an individual with a health condition and interacting with the environment.
The 2016–2017 ENS (Encuesta Nacional de Salud) included 6233 participants (mean age 48.9±19.3, and 62% women). There is an association between impairment of capacity and being a woman (OR=1.62; 95% CI 1.37 to 1.92) and between being under 45 years old and conserved capacity (OR=0.8, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.99). The predictive model determined that women classified with five or more chronic conditions of 80 years and over and with less than 8 years of formal education reach the highest probability of having any impairment of capacity.
Multimorbidity is associated with impaired capacity in the adult population in Chile, and these public health problems are present at early ages and have a greater impact on women.
The needs of patients in palliative care (PC) are multiple and changing. Several tools assess them, but there is a lack of homogeneity among them. A specific diagnostic tool to assess complexity in PC (IDC-Pal: Instrumento Diagnóstico de la Complejidad en Cuidados Paliativos, in Spanish) was created in community and hospital settings with 36 items to diagnose PC complexity, but its application in primary care is difficult.
(1) To generate an adapted version to primary care of the IDC-Pal tool to identify and stratify PC complexity in the adult population. (2) To determine face, content, criterion and construct validity and reliability of the new instrument.
There are three phases of clinimetric cross-sectional observational validation study: Phase 0: Review of the original tool structure suitability for its use in primary care setting by a committee (researchers and the original developer team). Phase 1: Expert consensus phase by Delphi technique with physicians, nurses and social workers from primary care and PC. Phase 2: Empirical validation of the resulting tool in primary care using a cross-sectional descriptive design involving physicians and case manager nurses from across Andalucia, who will recruit adult patients with PC needs from healthcare centres that accept to participate in the study. Reliability (Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, interclass correlation coefficient) and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis) analysis will be carried out; convergent criterion validity will be assessed with the NEC-PAL (Necesidades Paliativas Questionnaire, in Spanish) instrument. Differences by gender, type of professional and place where it is administered will be explored. Interobserver reliability analyses will be carried out using intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman plots and concordance analysis. Phase 0–1 results were expected by 2025 and Phase 2 results by 2026. Reporting method: CRISP checklist. This protocol was conducted without patient or public participation.
This study evaluates a novel, co-designed tool to diagnose PC complexity to inform practice recommendations for a more efficient allocation of resources that may be included in future clinical practice guidelines. The study has been approved by the Provincial Research Ethics Committee of Málaga as of July 2023 and will be conducted in accordance with the principles established in the Declaration of Helsinki, the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, and the requirements established in Spanish legislation. The study conforms to the norms of good clinical practice. All participants in the Delphi study must express their agreement to participate in the survey by providing informed consent (IC) before beginning the questionnaire. For the development of Phase 2, the primary care professionals who agree to participate will sign a researcher commitment, and the patients included in the study will sign a written IC before the data collection. Dissemination of the results will inform future research on the appropriate diagnosis of PC complexity in the primary care setting, which is of paramount importance due to its gatekeeper position. Dissemination will be aimed at academics and healthcare professionals through publications, presentations and training workshops on the use of the diagnostic tool.
To investigate factors influencing the implementation of advanced practice nursing roles within healthcare organisations in seven European countries from the perspective of advanced practice nurses.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 2021 and December 2022, involving advanced practice nurses from Belgium, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Spain and the Netherlands. The countries were selected to represent different stages of implementing advanced practice nursing roles, from emerging to well-established.
A self-administered questionnaire was used to address five domains: patient care, practice patterns, policy and legal, educational and workforce-related factors. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests and correspondence analysis were employed to identify patterns and country-specific differences across these domains of implementation factors.
A total of 491 advanced practice nurses participated in the study. While almost three-quarters of the participants indicated satisfaction with their job, the study highlighted multifaceted factors influencing the implementation of advanced practice nursing roles across countries. The Netherlands, Ireland and Belgium reported mainly facilitators, whereas Finland, Iceland and Germany noted barriers or a lack of knowledge. Spain mostly reported neutral or moderate positions. Key challenges included role ambiguity, interprofessional collaboration gaps, limited managerial support, workload imbalances, limited mentorship and underutilised competencies. Results also indicated that advanced practice nurses are partially hindered by operating in isolation from other professions.
The findings emphasise the need for robust organisational support, interprofessional collaboration and clear role definitions to facilitate the integration of advanced practice nursing roles. Addressing professional isolation through networking and mentorship is crucial to sustaining the advanced practice nursing workforce.
Policy should prioritise support for advanced practice nursing, including structured mentoring and networking opportunities. Further research on advanced practice nurses' well-being and long-term role sustainability in Europe is recommended.
What problem did the study address? What were the main findings? Where and on whom will the research have an impact?
This study reported factors influencing advanced practice nurse role implementation across seven European countries with different levels of role development. Key challenges included role ambiguity, interprofessional collaboration gaps and limited support. The findings can guide healthcare managers and policymakers on the key factors to consider when integrating advanced practice nursing roles into their teams.
Functional tests commonly assess athletes' readiness to return to sports after knee surgery. Despite this, there are still more studies on clinical and patient-reported outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine differences and combinations of various functional performances within and between athletes 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-reconstruction (ACLR) for the first time (ACLR-I group) versus second ACL injury on the same knee (ACLR-II group) versus ACLR procedures on both legs (ACLR-III group). A total of 88 patients with ACLR performed single-leg hop (maximum forward distance hop, SLH; side hop > 40 cm in 30 s, SH), Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and dynamic postural balance (Y Balance Test – YBT). Data were recorded during return-to-sport testing (6 months post-surgery). For each variable, a mixed-model analysis of variance, with a between-subjects factor of group (primary ACL injury, recurrent ACL injury and bilateral ACL injury) and a within-subjects factor of limb (involved, uninvolved), were conducted. Differences between the groups were found in different degrees of inter-limb asymmetry in the single-leg hop (p < 0.001) and side hop test (p < 0.02). There was a main effect of limb for the anterior and posteromedial YBT distances, and the single-leg hop and side hop test distances (p ≤ 0.04). For each variable, performance was worse for the involved limb compared to the uninvolved limb. Individuals after recurrent ACLR showed greater functional asymmetries at 6 months of treatment. Jumping tests detected greater performance deficits compared to YBT and FMS.
The use of teleneuropsychology or neuropsychological remote assessment increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Teleneuropsychology facilitates remote assessment for populations that do not have access to neuropsychological services as well as individuals who are vulnerable or have physical restrictions that would otherwise make it difficult for individuals to receive appropriate care. However, there are many instruments that are not validated or lack normative data for the overall population. Therefore, this study aims to develop normative data for a neuropsychological battery administered on telehealth with commonly used tools to identify cognitive performance in older adults.
The following study will use a previously informatics-generated list of participants who have a lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and other related dementias. Participants will complete screening surveys related to cognitive and health status. They will also complete questionnaires related to sociodemographic information, depression, functionality and social determinants of health. Participants will undergo a teleneuropsychological battery examination via remote assessment. We estimate recruiting 500 participants to establish normative data.
The current protocol is approved by the University of Florida’s Institutional Review Board. Results will be analysed and disseminated in a research paper once sample number goals are completed.
by Carlos Fernández-Morales, Luis Espejo-Antúnez, María de los Ángeles Cardero-Durán, Deborah Falla, Juan Manuel Moreno-Vázquez, Manuel Albornoz-Cabello
BackgroundThe physical and cognitive demands of combat flying may influence the development and persistence of flight-related neck pain (FRNP). The aim of this pilot study was to analyse the effect of a multimodal physiotherapy program which combined supervised exercise with laser-guided feedback and interferential current therapy on psychophysiological variables in fighter pilots with FRNP.
MethodsThirty-one fighter pilots were randomly assigned to two groups (Intervention Group: n = 14; Control Group: n = 17). The intervention consisted of 8 treatment sessions (twice per week) delivered over 4 weeks. The following primary outcomes were assessed: perceived pain intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale–NPRS) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV; time-domain, frequency-domain and non-linear variables). A number of secondary outcomes were also assessed: myoelectric activity of the upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid, pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale–PCS) and kinesiophobia (TSK-11).
ResultsStatistically significant differences (p≤0.05) within and between groups were observed for all outcomes except for frequency domain and non-linear HRV variables. A significant time*group effect (one-way ANOVA) in favour of the intervention group was found for all variables (p Conclusions
The use of a multimodal physiotherapy program consisting of supervised exercise with laser-guided feedback and interferential current appears to show clinical benefit in fighter pilots with FRNP.
Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05541848.
Objetivo: Evaluar cualitativamente la experiencia de pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (PEM) y cuidadores familiares (CFPEM) vinculados al programa de esclerosis múltiple del Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia (PrEM-HUNC), durante la formación y consolidación de una comunidad compasiva (CC), para la inclusión social y promoción de calidad de vida. Materiales y Método: estudio cualitativo interpretativo, con entrevistas a profundidad a nueve colaboradores. Con el método de análisis de espiral de Creswell y Poth, emergieron cuatro categorías y un tema. Resultados: el tema “Un nido comunitario de crecimiento y transformación” señala el proceso de conformación de la CC como una experiencia que posibilitó cambios de significados en torno a la enfermedad, la situación personal y familiar; revela un proceso de descubrimiento y aprendizaje de conformación de diferentes relaciones y roles. Conclusiones: La CC es una opción para construcción de redes de apoyo, fortalecimiento de las capacidades personales y familiares, una forma para hacer frente a los diferentes impactos y retos que implica vivir con esclerosis múltiple, se constituye en una alternativa para la promoción de la calidad de vida y la inclusión social.
To assess the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on clinical variables as part of the routine clinical monitoring of patients with chronic diseases in primary care.
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in primary care centres of the Andalusian Health Service.
Data were recorded before the pandemic (T1), during the declaration of the state of emergency (T2) and in the transition phase (T3). The Barthel index and the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) were used to analyse functional and cognitive changes at the three time points. HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, BMI and lipid levels were assessed as clinical variables. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric chi-square test were used for analysis. STROBE checklist was used for the preparation of this paper.
A total fo148 patients with chronic conditions were included in the analysis. Data analysis revealed in T2 only significant reductions in BMI, total levels of cholesterol and HDL during the onset of the pandemic. Barthel Index, SPMSQ, blood pressure and triglycerides and LDL levels worsened in T2, and the negative effects were maintained in T3. Compared to pre-pandemic values, HbA1c levels improved in T3, but HDL levels worsened.
COVID-19 has drastically disrupted several functional, cognitive and biological variables. These results may be useful in identifying clinical parameters that deserve closer attention in the case of a new health crisis. Further studies are needed to assess the potential impacts of each specific chronic condition.
Cognitive and functional status, blood pressure and triglycerides and LDL levels worsen in short term, maintaining the negative effects in medium-term.
El litio es el estabilizador del ánimo en uso más extendido. Posee un estrecho margen terapéutico, siendo tóxico en altas concentraciones. Esta guía va dirigida a profesionales y personas que estén utilizando Litio, pretende facilitar la toma correcta y el buen manejo de esta medicación [Fragmento de texto].
Objetivo principal: Analizar la efectividad del tratamiento de la pediculosis capitis con aceite de coco versus la permetrina o ivermectina para la reducción de la infestación en niños escolares. Metodología: Revisión sistemática con análisis interpretativo. Se consultaron bases de datos como PubMed, ScienceDirect, Epistemonikos, entre otros. Se incluyeron documentos publicados entre 2011 y 2021 derivados de la cadena de búsqueda: aceite de coco AND pediculosis capitis AND efectividad en español e inglés. Resultados principales: Después de aplicar criterios de exclusión y eliminación, se analizaron 10 documentos, que incluían ensayos comunitarios, estudios preclínicos de laboratorio y revisiones sistemáticas, los cuales proponen el aceite de coco como un tratamiento alternativo eficaz contra la pediculosis. Conclusión principal: Aunado a los reportes de alta efectividad de tratamiento, no se reportan efectos adversos y se sugiere el uso de gorra de baño así como un peinado vigoroso con una lendrera para aumentar la efectividad.
Existen millones de personas cooperando internacionalmente en zonas con situaciones críticas. Concurre la posibilidad de que se produzca un choque cultural en estas personas que cooperan, el cual, pueda modificar sus capacidades profesionales y ocasionarles un fuerte impacto emocional. Quetzal, la informante, ha sido médica cooperante durante 10 años en diferentes territorios del mundo, y en su relato desvela la forma en la que el choque cultural se produce y cómo trata de gestionarlo. Se ha realizado un estudio con metodología cualitativa a través del relato biográfico. Se han recogido datos en la entrevista semiestructurada de la informante que fueron clasificados en torno al choque cultural, las situaciones críticas producidas, la información previa y el afrontamiento del choque. Los resultados giran en torno a las vivencias que se producen en la cooperación de la informante, su adaptación psicológica en el momento y su manera de asimilarlo con el paso del tiempo. Se considera la posibilidad de una formación emocional avanzada para convertir el choque cultural en un proceso con un desenlace positivo para las personas que cooperan.
En este relato biográfico Juan pone de manifiesto la vivencia que supone la llegada de una enfermedad aguda, que no se sabe bien cual es, que las pruebas, son todas negativas y que como un tren que le arrolla le va a llevar a las puertas de la muerte, pero en un último momento recibe un trasplante hepático y es como una explosión de la vida que comienza de nuevo. Resalta sus vivencias sobre la muerte, antes de este evento, durante el mismo y a posteriori. Relata su particular visión de la soledad en la UCI, de lo que puede ayudarte y de lo que no. Y ofrece su perspectiva en todo el proceso, de la actuación de los profesionales sanitarios, algunos amigos y conocidos, y otros desconocidos porque el relato tiene la singularidad de referirse a una persona que como Juan trabaja en el mundo sanitario, es auxiliar administrativo de un Centro de Salud. Los nombres de los personajes no son los reales, con el objeto de mantener el anonimato
Paciente varón, de 32 años de edad, que consulta por dolor en muñeca derecha. Tras meses en rehabilitación, se diagnostica “epicondilitis” y se indica tratamiento quirúrgico, se retira yeso a las 6 semanas, se observa color azulado de toda la piel del antebrazo y mano, con hiperhidrosis y mucho vello. Ante la sospecha, se solicita gammagrafía con Tc99 que confirma el diagnóstico de “Síndrome de Dolor Regional Complejo tipo I simpático dependiente en grado II-III”. Derivado a la Unidad del Dolor donde es sometido a múltiples tratamientos, se implantan electrodos corticales a nivel de duramadre en la Cisura de Rolando. Tras no obtener resultados y observarse fibrosis a nivel del cuello, se retiran los electrodos. Posteriormente, recibe tratamiento fisioterapeutico-osteópatico mejorando ostensiblemente. Al cabo de 3 meses, vuelve a hacer vida normal, reincorporándose a su puesto de trabajo habitual perdido hace 9 años.
Objetivo: identificar los elementos teóricos y metodológicos del cuidado que aplican los profesionales de enfermería en dos instituciones de salud del Departamento del Atlántico. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, transversal, la muestra estuvo conformada por 60 enfermeras de dos instituciones de salud. La obtención de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario, consignándose las variables significativas, el análisis de los datos se calcularon en frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Resultados: predominó el grupo etario de 23 a 27 años: 43%, el género femenino: 100%, el 76% señalaron dificultades en la aplicación; Modelos de Enfermería orientadores de la práctica: Dorotea Orem: 78%; en la Aplicación de teorías Florence Nightingale: 73%, entre otros. Conclusión: Las enfermeras señalan que sí recibieron en el pregrado conocimientos sobre el tema, pero en la práctica algunas no los aplican; situación preocupante, debida a que no se reconoce la importancia de los principios científicos y filosóficos que orientan la profesión.
El implante coclear tiene cada vez mayor aplicación práctica en medicina. Diversos estudios demuestran los beneficios de una implantación más prematura. Explicaremos la ampliación de criterios de colocación, las nuevas pautas en preservación de audición residual, las nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas, las mejoras del material, farmacología y el papel de enfermería en dicho proceso. Objetivo principal: Recopilar los avances en conservación de audición residual y elaborar un protocolo de actuación para enfermería. Metodología: Búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos en PUBMED y CUIDEN. Tras una lectura crítica, se realizó una revisión de los mismos comparándolos con nuestra experiencia. Resultados principales: A mayor audición residual, los implantes cocleares obtienen mejores datos de audición. Conclusión principal: La conservación de la audición residual es capital en la mejora de la audición y enfermería juega un papel fundamental durante todo el proceso.
Rev Enferm;41(2): 102-110, feb. 2018. tab, ilus. [Artículo]
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