To translate and culturally adapt six self-report measures for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and somatic symptom disorder into Hindi and determine their diagnostic accuracy against a diagnostic clinical interview.

Cross-sectional validation study.

Rural Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, northern India.

480 perinatal (pregnant or within 12 months postpartum) and non-perinatal (not currently pregnant and not given birth within 12 months) women at one tertiary hospital and district-level Anganwadi (community health) centres.

Symptom endorsement; and discriminant validity, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the Kessler Scale of Psychological Distress (K10), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD7), Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS), PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) and Scale for the Assessment of Somatic Symptoms (SASS).

Complete data were available for 443 participants. Tiredness and body weakness were the most commonly endorsed symptoms among participants with common mental disorders. Among perinatal participants, the AUROC was highest for the GAD7 (0.88, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.96) and SASS (0.84, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.96). Among non-perinatal participants, the AUROC was highest for the SASS (0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97) and PHQ9 (0.91, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.96).

Measures which assess for fatigue, tiredness and somatic symptoms may help to identify women experiencing common mental disorders in this setting. Small numbers of participants with clinically diagnosed mental disorders in our sample mean results must be interpreted cautiously.

NCT05485701.

Adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) experience higher rates of age-related health concerns, including dementia, than adults without disabilities. Despite this, current efforts to support brain health in ageing have often excluded this population. To address this gap, we will codesign, codeliver and evaluate a national virtual brain health education programme, Brain Health-IDD, for ageing individuals with IDD, family caregivers and health and social care providers.

This study will evaluate the Brain Health-IDD Program, an interactive virtual psychoeducation course codesigned and coled by an interdisciplinary team of clinicians and people with lived experience. Three participant groups will be recruited from across Canada: adults with IDD, aged 40 years and older; family caregivers who have a family member with IDD aged 40 years and older or who are themselves aged 60 years and older; and health or social service providers who support adults with IDD aged 40 years and older. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, postcourse and 3-month follow-up. Data will be collected through structured surveys, including both closed and open-ended questions, and focus group interviews.

Primary outcomes are participation, satisfaction and changes in knowledge and self-efficacy related to brain health among the three participant groups. Secondary outcomes for both adults with IDD and family caregivers include changes in health-related behaviours (social connections, sleep hygiene and physical activity), physical health, mental wellbeing, resilience and whether cognitive screening is initiated for adults with IDD and for caregivers. For health and social service providers, secondary outcomes include changes in brain health promotion practices and whether cognitive screening for older adults with IDD is initiated.

Analysis of open-text survey responses and qualitative data from focus group interviews will explore the experiences of participants with the Brain Health-IDD Program.

Institutional ethics approval was obtained from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Research Ethics Board. Programme findings and resources will be shared with advocacy groups, disability agencies, family caregiver organisations, clinicians and policymakers in the fields of disability, health and ageing at the provincial, national and international levels.

Encephalitis is brain parenchyma inflammation, frequently resulting in seizures which worsens outcomes. Early anti-seizure medication could improve outcomes but requires identifying patients at greatest risk of acute seizures. The SEIZURE (SEIZUre Risk in Encephalitis) score was developed in UK cohorts to stratify patients by acute seizure risk. A ‘basic score’ used Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), fever and age; the ‘advanced score’ added aetiology. This study aimed to evaluate the score internationally to determine its global applicability.

Patients were retrospectively analysed regionally, and by country, in this international evaluation study. Univariate analysis was conducted between patients who did and did not have inpatient seizures, followed by multivariable logistic regression, hierarchical clustering and analysis of the area under the receiver operating curves (AUROC) with 95% CIs.

2032 patients across 13 countries were identified, among whom 1324 were included in SEIZURE score calculations and 970 were included in regression modelling. The involved countries comprised 19 organisations spanning all WHO regions.

The primary outcome was measuring inpatient seizure rates.

Autoantibody-associated encephalitis, low GCS and presenting with a seizure were frequently associated with inpatient seizures; fever showed no association. Globally, the score had limited discriminatory ability (basic AUROC 0.58 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.62), advanced AUROC 0.63 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.66)). The scoring system performed acceptably in western Europe, excluding Spain, with the best performance in Portugal (basic AUROC 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.94), advanced AUROC 0.83 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.95)).

The SEIZURE score performed best in several countries in Western Europe but performed poorly elsewhere, partly due to differing and unknown aetiologies. In most regions, the score did not reach a threshold to be clinically useful. The Western European results could aid in designing clinical trials assessing primary anti-seizure prophylaxis in encephalitis following further prospective trials. Beyond Western Europe, there is a need for tailored, localised scoring systems and future large-scale prospective studies with optimised aetiological testing to accurately identify high-risk patients.