To investigate Vietnamese undergraduate students’ knowledge and attitudes towards contraception and their associated factors.

Cross-sectional study.

Six universities in Vietnam from April to May 2025.

1134 undergraduate students.

Students’ knowledge and attitudes towards contraception were measured via an online survey, and a cut-off point of 50% was used to categorise their scores. Associations between students’ knowledge and attitude scores and their sociodemographic characteristics, academic background, sexual and relationship experiences, contraceptive education and information sources were evaluated using multivariable linear regression. Independent variables were selected through Bayesian Model Averaging.

Students’ average knowledge and attitude scores were 10.93±2.86 (possible range: 0–22; actual range: 0–19) and 54.14±6.57 (possible range: 15–75; actual range: 35–74), respectively. 62.1% demonstrated good knowledge, and 91.4% showed positive attitudes towards contraception. Higher knowledge was observed among older students (per 1 year increase, β=0.33, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.43), those from public universities (β=1.32, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.00), using mass media as a contraceptive information source (β=0.58, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.91) and having sexual experience (β=1.16, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.58). By contrast, students who were single and had never been in a romantic relationship (β=–0.88, 95% CI –1.23 to –0.52) and those enrolled in non-healthcare disciplines (β=–1.06, 95% CI –1.55 to –0.56) had significantly lower knowledge scores. Positive attitudes were more prevalent among female students (males vs females: β=–2.07, 95% CI –2.80 to –1.34), those using the Internet as a source of contraceptive information (β=5.65, 95% CI 4.29 to 7.01) and those with higher knowledge scores (per one-unit increase, β=0.67, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.79). All associations were statistically significant (p

In general, undergraduate students’ knowledge of contraception was relatively low, while their attitudes were positive. Implementing education programmes focusing on correct usage and storage of condoms and the safety of emergency contraceptive pills may help improve their understanding and promote safer sexual practices, thereby contributing to reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies.

Food retail outlets in sports and recreation facilities often fail to support healthy eating, despite aligning with healthy lifestyles and goals of local governments (LGs) that often own or manage them. LGs face barriers to implementing facility changes including inadequate staffing, training and incentives. The Promoting CHANGE initiative was co-designed to support LGs in improving and sustaining healthier food and drink offerings in these settings.

A 3-year, type 2 effectiveness-implementation hybrid cluster randomised controlled trial will evaluate the Promoting CHANGE capacity-building and support package in three Intervention and four Control LGs in Victoria, Australia (August 2023–July 2026). The co-designed initiative includes human resource support, training, tools, technical assistance, community-of-practice groups, feedback based on food outlet audit and sales data and small grant incentives. Using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) evaluation framework, the trial’s co-primary outcomes are the percentage of least healthiest food and drinks (1) displayed (implementation) and (2) sold weekly (effectiveness). Key secondary outcomes are effectiveness (sales and revenue); facility-level adoption, implementation, maintenance of healthy changes; cost-effectiveness (within-trial modelled economic evaluation). Findings will provide evidence of the initiative’s effectiveness and scalability, informing recommendations for advancing healthier food environments in over 6000 community-based food outlets across 500 Australian LGs, with implications globally.

This study has received approval from the Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee (reference number HEAG-H 92_2023). The results will be published in scientific peer-reviewed journals along with plain language summaries for participants.

ACTRN12621001120864.

Young people face challenges in accessing information on HIV and sexual and reproductive health services, with corresponding suboptimal uptake. Decision aids can provide information and decisional support to improve young people’s engagement with health interventions. However, they have not been widely implemented among young people. The availability of different choices for HIV and pregnancy prevention means that it is important to implement interventions that facilitate informed choices for these methods. We describe a protocol for a scoping review that aims to explore the availability, acceptability and use of decision aids for HIV prevention and contraception for young people.

We will identify relevant studies from the following electronic databases from inception to current date: PubMed, Scopus and Global Health; and grey literature databases, namely medRxiv and Open Access Theses and Dissertations. Eligible studies will report on HIV prevention and/or contraception decision aids and be written in English. Data extraction will be done by two reviewers independently using templates, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Analysis will be done narratively, and separate for HIV prevention and contraception decision aids. Analysis will also include determination of the suitability of each decision aid for use by young people aged 15–24 years. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews will be employed to present results.

This review does not require ethics approval. The findings from this work will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at local and international conferences.

This scoping review protocol is registered in Open Science Framework with Project DOI: 10.17605/OSF/IO/46YWG (accessible via: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/46YWG).

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common cause of hospitalisation and decompensation in the hospital, is routinely managed by a wide variety of subspecialties, and requires a host of both technical and non-technical skills (NTS). Simulation-based training (SBT) exercises are an excellent means of training physicians and other healthcare professionals in both technical skills and NTS and are frequently used to teach and assess management of high-stress situations such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation and trauma situations. The manner in which SBT is used to train other types of clinical situations—and at what frequency—is less clear. The extent to which such training programmes are evaluated is also not clear. Here, we intend to characterise the body of literature describing SBT programmes for bedside management of GIB. In doing so, we will gain valuable insight into the current state of SBT as it relates to training healthcare professionals to handle complicated clinical situations.

Our review will follow the six-stage framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley while considering elaborations and guidance made by Levac et al and the Joanna Briggs Institute. The protocol and review will be created in alignment with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses—scoping review checklist and explanatory paper. Using a carefully constructed search strategy, the following databases will be queried from their inception through 31 December 2025: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and ERIC. Following the initial database query and two-step screening process, included articles will be systematically examined and will serve as our data source. Our efforts will ultimately answer the following research question: How is simulation-based training currently used to teach bedside management of GIB to physicians (residents, fellows and attending physicians), and how are these simulation-based training exercises studied and evaluated?

Ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board is not required for this study since all investigations are being carried out on previously published manuscripts. Final results will be compiled and submitted for publication once the study has been completed and all data has been charted/analysed.

To develop a machine learning (ML)-based risk prediction model for 1-year mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention.

Patient data, including demographic, clinical, biochemical, imaging and procedural details, were extracted from electronic medical records. Data were split into training (80%) and test (20%) sets. Eight supervised learning algorithms were evaluated: least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, ridge, Elastic Net (EN, decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, AdaBoost and gradient boosting. Feature selection was performed sequentially with subsets of the top 5/10/15/20/25/30 features. Model hyperparameters were optimised using fivefold cross-validation with area under the curve (AUC) as the scoring metric.

Single, tertiary Australian centre.

We analysed data from 1863 consecutive STEMI patients treated at a tertiary Australian centre from July 2010 to December 2019.

The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality.

The 1-year mortality rate was 13.6% (n=254) in our cohort. The EN model with five key features (parsimonious model) demonstrated superior performance, achieving an AUC of 0.821, which was comparable to the full 30-variable model (AUC 0.821). Advanced age, pre-hospital cardiac arrest and management with balloon angioplasty alone were identified as predictors of increased mortality risk, while family history of premature coronary disease and higher left ventricular ejection fraction were associated with improved survival. To facilitate clinical implementation, we developed a user-friendly web application for individualised risk assessment.

Our ML model accurately predicts 1-year mortality in STEMI patients using only five clinical variables. This tool offers improved accuracy and ease of use compared with existing risk stratification methods, potentially enhancing patient stratification and guiding treatment decisions in STEMI management.

The aim of this study was to develop an educational video introducing an innovative panel survey approach to facilitate guideline panels in making inferences about patient values and preferences.

A user testing of the educational video through one-on-one interviews and iterative refinement of the video through brainstorming meetings.

Interviews and brainstorming meetings were conducted through Zoom.

The participants of the interviews include guideline panellists who had used the panel survey approach, and guideline panellists who had not used the approach but would or would not participate in a panel survey soon. The participants of the brainstorming meetings were a steering committee with expertise in guideline methodology and qualitative research.

The understandability and usefulness of the educational video.

We interviewed 18 guideline panellists from eight different guideline panels, all of whom carefully reviewed the video. Most participants found the video useful in explaining the panel survey approach and its role in incorporating patient values and preferences. Participants suggested improvements, including clarifying key concepts and using plain language instead of technical terminology to make the content more accessible. The major change the steering committee decided to make through brainstorming meetings was to add clarification, refine the wording and replace some text with animation.

User testing resulted in an improved educational video that is more useful and understandable for guideline panellists. Wider implementation of this resource has the potential to enhance the incorporation of patient values and preferences in guideline recommendations, supporting more patient-centred decision-making.

Group A Streptococcus (Strep A) causes a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from pharyngitis and impetigo to severe invasive infections and immune-mediated conditions such as acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Contemporary data on the global burden of Strep A diseases are lacking. The proposed study aims to use administrative data from numerous jurisdictions to estimate age-specific incidence or prevalence of Strep A diseases, with an emphasis on severe clinical endpoints. Depending on the availability of data, a secondary objective will be to estimate the economic burden of Strep A diseases.

This population-based descriptive study will use routine health data obtained from different low-income and middle-income and high-income countries through international research collaborations to estimate the country-level and global burden of Strep A diseases. Data will be primarily obtained and collated from hospital or national health laboratory databases for individuals across all age groups, along with emergency department, primary care and microbiological datasets where available. Strep A disease endpoints will be identified using International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision or other relevant coding systems and microbiological diagnosis. Age-specific incidence and prevalence rates will be computed using population denominators, and country-level age-adjusted rates will be applied to standard global reference populations to estimate the number of cases globally.

Ethical approval to conduct this study was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee at the University of Western Australia (reference: #2024/ET000401) and governance approval was obtained from The Kids Research Institute Australia. The findings from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at Strep A Vaccine Global Consortium collaborative meetings.

Accurate arterial pressure monitoring is critical in cardiac surgery to guide haemodynamic management and vasopressor therapy. Radial arterial pressure monitoring may systematically underestimate central aortic pressure compared with femoral monitoring, potentially leading to inappropriate vasopressor escalation and associated complications. Recent evidence demonstrates that excessive norepinephrine exposure is associated with acute kidney injury and increased mortality in cardiac surgery patients.

To determine whether femoral arterial pressure monitoring reduces norepinephrine use compared with radial monitoring in cardiac surgery patients.

This is a prospective, randomised, controlled, single-blind, superiority trial conducted at two French university hospitals (CHU Besancon and CHU Dijon). Adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass will be randomised 1:1 to receive either femoral or radial arterial pressure monitoring. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients treated with norepinephrine from anaesthetic induction to postoperative day 7. Secondary endpoints include acute kidney injury according to KDIGO criteria, cardiac complications, vasoactive-inotropic scores, duration of vasopressor therapy, vascular complications, and 7-day and 30-day mortality. Sample size calculation indicates 340 patients (170 per group) are needed to detect a 15% absolute reduction in norepinephrine use with 90% power and α=0.05, and an anticipated loss to follow-up rate of 5%.

The study has been approved by the French Ethics Committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes Nord-Ouest II, no. 2024/897) and will be conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.

NCT06952907.

Accurate identification of adverse events after colonoscopy is essential for quality assurance in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Review of medical records is labour intensive as adverse events are infrequent. The object of this study was to investigate the accuracy of claims data in identifying adverse events after colonoscopy in CRC screening.

Cross-sectional, retrospective.

Males and females aged 50–74 years were randomised to once-only sigmoidoscopy or biennial faecal immunochemical test in a CRC screening trial at two screening centres in Norway. Participants in the present study underwent follow-up colonoscopy from 2012 to April 2020 after initial positive screening test. We reviewed medical records for adverse events within 30 days following 11 205 colonoscopies.

The primary outcome of the study was to assess the sensitivity of claims data from the Norwegian Patient Registry to identify lower gastrointestinal bleeding using emergency contact International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision diagnostic code sets under two definitions: a stringent definition (codes explicitly identifying bleeding) and a broad definition (including suggestive codes). Secondary outcome measures included the sensitivity to identify perforation using a stringent and a broad definition. Additionally, we assessed whether incorporating procedure codes and non-emergency contacts improved accuracy.

87 cases of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and eight perforations were confirmed. Sensitivity for bleeding differed between the centres (p

Use of claims data underestimated adverse event rates following colonoscopy. Difference in coding practice across hospitals underscores the need for standardised reporting in screening programmes.

NCT01538550.