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Ayer — Octubre 2nd 2025Tus fuentes RSS

Master's Degree Nurses: A Mixed‐Methods Study on Supply, Demand, and Utilisation

ABSTRACT

Aims

To assess the supply, demand, and utilisation of master's degree nurses in China's top-tier hospitals and identify recruitment and retention challenges.

Design

A convergent parallel mixed-methods design.

Methods

From January and September 2022, eight top-tier hospitals in mainland China were selected using convenience sampling. The proportion of master's degree nurses, turnover rates, and recruitment outcomes were investigated and analysed using descriptive statistics. Concurrently, seven nursing administrators from these eight hospitals were interviewed using semi-structured interviews, and transcribed data were thematically analysed through inductive content analysis.

Results

Among the eight hospitals surveyed, the average proportion of master's degree nurses was 3.58% (range: 0.58%–9.43%). The average ratio of planned to actual recruitment was 3.28, with four hospitals showing near parity (approximately 1:1) and three institutions failing to recruit any master's degree nurses. The annual turnover rate of master's degree nurses was 1.18%. Three themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: (1) shortages coexisting with oversupply; (2) nursing leaders' retention efforts versus limited institutional policy support; and (3) prioritisation of research and management over advanced clinical roles.

Conclusion

In China, even among top-tier hospitals, the proportion of master's degree nurses remains relatively low. There is an overall shortage of these nurses, juxtaposed with localised oversupply in specific institutions. Promotion to nursing supervisor or administrative roles is the only developmental pathway, while structured career progression pathways for advanced nursing practice remain conspicuously absent.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The study highlights the need to develop targeted policies that support the career advancement of master's degree nurses, particularly by expanding career options in Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) rather than limiting roles to nursing management or education. This shift would better leverage their clinical expertise and strengthen healthcare systems through specialised practice and innovation.

Impact

What problem did the study address?: This study maps the supply–demand dynamics of master's degree nurses in leading hospitals and identifies retention, utilisation, and motivation policies and strategies from the perspective of nursing administrators. What were the main findings?: The proportion of master's degree nurses is low in China's top hospitals. There is both an oversupply and a shortage of master's degree nurses. Neither the government nor hospitals have policies in place to encourage the clinical involvement of master's degree nurses, and their career progression is limited to managerial roles. Where and on whom will the research have an impact?: Nursing administrators and other health policy makers in China and comparable global health systems will be affected. It will also influence nursing associations, nursing educators, and general nurses.

Reporting Methods

This study adhered to the Mixed Methods Article Reporting Standards.

Patient or Public Contribution

No contributions from patients or the public were involved in this study.

Perceptions of Recurrence Risk Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT

Aims

The study aims to investigate patients' perceptions of recurrence risk associated with atrial fibrillation, with the goal of establishing a theoretical foundation for developing future measurement scale and intervention strategies.

Design

A qualitative interview study.

Methods

Seventeen patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation at a Grade-A tertiary hospital participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted between October and December 2024. Participants were selected via purposive sampling. The data were analysed employing thematic analysis in accordance with Colaizzi's method. The study adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.

Results

The perceptions of recurrence risk among patients with atrial fibrillation can be summarised into five themes: (1) perceived likelihood of recurrence, (2) perceived severity of recurrence, (3) perceived triggers of recurrence, (4) emotional reaction to recurrence, and (5) efficacy perception of managing recurrence risk.

Conclusion

Perceptions of recurrence risk among patients with atrial fibrillation are diverse and often underestimated due to limited knowledge and subjective symptom interpretation, affecting health behaviours. Understanding patients' subjective appraisals, emotions, and perceived efficacy is essential. Validated assessment tools and tailored risk communication may enhance self-management and support targeted interventions.

Impact

This study provides critical insights into how atrial fibrillation patients perceive their risk of recurrence. It also provides a theoretical foundation for creating validated assessment tools and tailoring individualised health education and intervention programmes.

Patient Contribution

Patients were involved in the study design, data collection, and interpretation of findings. Their contributions included providing feedback on the initial interview guide to ensure relevance and clarity, participating in in-depth interviews to share their lived experiences with atrial fibrillation recurrence, and offering reflections on key themes emerging from the data.

The Relationship Between Chinese Nurses' Subjective Age and Career Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Role Breadth Self‐Efficacy

ABSTRACT

Aim(s)

To assess career satisfaction among Chinese nurses, explore influencing factors, and examine the mediating role of role breadth self-efficacy (RBSE) in the relationship between subjective age and career satisfaction.

Design

A multi-centre, cross-sectional study.

Methods

Between June and October 2024, 2033 questionnaires were distributed to nurses across seven geographic regions in China, collecting data on demographics, subjective age, RBSE, and career satisfaction. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear stepwise regression, and path analysis were used to identify determinants of career satisfaction and test the mediating effect of RBSE.

Results

The effective response rate was 97%. Chinese nurses reported moderate-to-high career satisfaction, younger subjective age relative to chronological age, and moderate RBSE levels. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified education level, work institution, salary, weekly working hours, subjective age, and RBSE as significant predictors of career satisfaction. Path analysis revealed a significant negative association between subjective age and career satisfaction (β = −0.23, p < 0.001), which was partially mediated by RBSE (indirect effect = −0.11, 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.05).

Conclusions

The career satisfaction of Chinese nurses is at a moderately high level; the influencing factors include the intensity of nursing work and salary levels. There is a certain difference between the subjective age and the chronological age of Chinese nurses. RBSE partly mediates the relationship between subjective age and career satisfaction.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patent Care

Valuing the breadth of nurses' roles, self-efficacy, and subjective age may help improve job satisfaction.

Impact

What problem did the study address?: This study elucidates the present level of career satisfaction among nurses in China and the variables affecting it. What were the main findings?: The subjective age of Chinese nurses influences career satisfaction, with RBSE partly mediating the connection between subjective age and career satisfaction. Where and on whom will the research have an impact?: This study presents novel variables of subjective age and RBSE in the investigation of factors influencing career satisfaction among Chinese nurses, offering new avenues for enhancing career satisfaction in this demographic in the future.

Reporting Method

We adhered to STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional research.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting.

A blueprint of synergistic effect in Crataegus pinnatifida and obesity-related gut microbiota against obesity via systems biology concept

by Jinghui Xie, Haofang Guan, Maohui Liu, Weijun Ding

Background

Current obesity treatments include behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy and surgery. Recently, the combination of ‘medicinal food’ products such as the plant Crataegus pinnatifida and its interaction with the gut microbiota has shown promise as an alternative therapeutic strategy to treat obesity.

Methods

We obtained secondary metabolites (SMs) of obesity-related gut microbiota and Crataegus pinnatifida from gutMGene database and NAPSS database. bioinformatics analysis was used to elucidate key target and signaling pathways, whereas molecular docking (MD), molecular dynamics simulation and quantum chemical calculations identified crucial SMs involved in these pathways. The toxicity and physicochemical properties of these SMs were also assessed.

Results

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), a key mediator in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ Protein Kinase B (Akt) pathway that is crucial for regulating insulin signaling and adipogenesis, emerged as the central hub within the PPI network. Strong binders to PIK3R1 were predicted to be quercetin, kaempferol and naringenin chalcone, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents to treat obesity.

Conclusion

The synergistic combination of Crataegus pinnatifida and the obesity-related gut microbiota holds promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for obesity by targeting PIK3R1 and modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Further experimental validation is necessary to confirm these findings.

LncRNA RP11-818O24.3 regulates proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells by targeting FGF2/PI3K/AKT pathway

by Linlin Bao, Haibo Zhao, Haiyue Ren, Chong Wang, Su Fang

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) play critical roles in adult hair regeneration, owing to its self-renewal and multipotent differentiation properties. Emerging evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are implicated in biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, the specific role of LncRNA RP11-818O24.3 in regulating HFSCs remains unclear. To explore the effect of LncRNA RP11-818O24.3 on HFSCs, stable LncRNA RP11-818O24.3 overexpression and knockdown HFSCs were established using a lentivirus vector system. The effect of LncRNA RP11-818O24.3 on proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and EdU incorporation experiments. The differentiation of HFSCs into neurons and keratinocyte stem cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. We showed that LncRNA RP11-818O24.3 overexpression promoted the proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in HFSCs. High levels of LncRNA RP11-818O24.3 promoted the differentiation of HFSCs into CD34+K15+ keratinocyte progenitors and CD34+Nestin+neuron-specific enolase (NSE)+ neural stem cells. Additionally, LncRNA RP11-818O24.3 increased fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression and the subsequent activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These data demonstrated that LncRNA RP11-818O24.3 promotes self-renewal, differentiation, and the capability to inhibit apoptosis of HFSCs via FGF2 mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, highlighting its potential role as a therapeutic strategy for treating hair loss diseases.

Analysis of the analgesic mechanism of TENS-WAA in colonoscopy using the EEG-fNIRS system: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Por: Wang · H. · Huang · X. · Xu · L. · Guo · S. · Gong · C. · Mengcheng · C. · Wang · W. · Wang · H. · Fang · F.
Introduction

Colonoscopy is an essential procedure for the early diagnosis of colorectal conditions; however, over 60% of patients undergoing non-sedated colonoscopy report moderate to severe pain. This study aims to investigate the central analgesic mechanisms of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation based on wrist-ankle acupuncture theory (TENS-WAA). A multimodal approach combining electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) will be employed to assess pain-related brain activity, with artificial intelligence applied to model the relationship between objective neurophysiological signals and subjective pain experience.

Methods

This is a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial involving 60 patients undergoing colonoscopy without anaesthesia. Participants will be randomly allocated (1:1) to either an electrical stimulation group receiving TENS-WAA or a sham stimulation group. EEG and fNIRS data will be acquired before, during and after the procedure. The primary outcome is the analysis of EEG-fNIRS signals to characterise cerebral responses associated with pain modulation. Secondary outcomes include patient-reported pain using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), total colonoscopy duration and the correlation between EEG-fNIRS indicators and VAS scores. A deep learning framework will be used to enhance pain prediction accuracy.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Changhai Hospital, Shanghai (approval reference CHEC2025-006), and has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed academic journals and at relevant scientific conferences, regardless of outcome, contributing to evidence-based, non-pharmacological pain management strategies.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06813703.

The effects of oliceridine and sufentanil on postoperative nausea and vomiting in abdominal surgery (EOSPONVAS): protocol for a multicentre, two-arm, randomised controlled trial

Por: Luo · J. · Wang · L. · Jie · Z. · Li · Y. · Geng · C. · Li · P. · Wang · T. · Shi · Y. · Fan · X. · Zhang · L. · Xu · T.
Introduction

Oliceridine is a novel μ-opioid receptor selective agonist that provides analgesia while reducing μ-receptor-mediated adverse effects such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Evidence in abdominal surgery remains limited. This study aims to determine whether oliceridine reduces PONV and improves recovery in abdominal surgery.

Methods and analysis

This is a prospective, multicentre, two-arm, randomised trial. Participants aged 18–65 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–III and a body mass index of 18.5–23.9 kg/m², undergoing elective major abdominal surgery, will be eligible for inclusion. Gynaecological surgeries are excluded. All patients must require postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCIA) and give written consent. 494 participants will be randomised to oliceridine group or sufentanil group. The primary outcome is the incidence of PONV within 48 hours postsurgery. Secondary outcomes include vomiting frequency, nausea severity score, use of rescue antiemetics, resting numerical rating scale (NRS) pain score, Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score, time to first postoperative flatus, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS and PCIA metrics (effective attempts and total volume used). Safety outcomes include other opioid-related adverse effects (ORAEs) (eg, respiratory depression, pruritus, dizziness, headache), complications related to PONV (eg, electrolyte disturbances, wound dehiscence) and other perioperative complications.

Ethics and dissemination

This protocol was approved (Version V3.0, 2025-01-14) by the Ethics Committee of Changhai Hospital (CHEC-2025–069), the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre (2025-S024-01) and the Wusong Central Hospital of Baoshan District, Shanghai (2025-17-01). It complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results will be shared via conferences and peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ID: ChiCTR2400089262).

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Relationship between anion gap and 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with acute pulmonary edema: A retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV database

by Ping Guo, Yuwen Liu, Xiaomi Huang, Yanfang Zeng, Zhonglan Cai, Guang Tu

Background

Acute pulmonary edema is a severe clinical condition with high mortality. The anion gap, reflecting metabolic acid-base disturbances, is often elevated in critically ill patients. However, its relationship with outcomes in acute pulmonary edema remains unclear.

Objective

To explore the association between admission anion gap levels and 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with acute pulmonary edema.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the MIMIC-IV database (2008–2019) and included adult patients with acute pulmonary edema. Patients were categorized into quartiles based on anion gap levels. Cox regression models analyzed the relationship between anion gap and mortality, with restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and subgroup analyses.

Results

A total of 1094 patients were included. Univariate Cox regression showed a positive correlation between anion gap levels and 28-day mortality (HR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.09–1.17, P P P  Conclusion

Admission anion gap levels predict 28-day all-cause mortality in acute pulmonary edema patients, particularly in younger patients and those without renal disease. Clinically, anion gap monitoring should be emphasized, and individualized prognostic and treatment strategies should be developed with factors like age and renal status to improve outcomes.

Impacts of resistance training combined with vibration training on the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT/FOXO3 axis and clinical outcomes in patients with sarcopenia: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial

by Haoyang Zhou, Jinfeng Yang, Na Li, Jinying Li, Jianxin Ran, Yan Zheng, Yifan Long, Fang Cheng, Yuanpeng Liao

Background

Sarcopenia is an age-associated disorder characterized by a progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical function. The condition is linked to low levels of anabolic hormones such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), with its downstream phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT)/ forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3) signaling pathway. There is growing evidence that resistance training (RT) or vibration training (VT) could improve physical functioning in individuals with sarcopenia. However, the related physiological influence of exercise on sarcopenia remains elusive.

Method

This prospective randomized controlled trial will be conducted among 96 participants, aged between 65 and 80 years. In participants, sarcopenia diagnosis will be confirmed based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria, and participants will be randomized into either control, RT, VT, or RVT (combined RT and VT) groups. The intervention will last 12 weeks, with assessments performed at baseline, 12 weeks (after intervention), and 24 weeks (follow-up). The primary outcomes will include skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and gait speed. Secondary outcomes comprise IGF-1 concentrations, PI3K/AKT and FOXO3 protein activity, quality of life, and timed-up-and-go test performance assessments.

Discussion

This clinical study aims to elucidate the potential modulation of molecular mechanisms in vivo for combined RT and VT in sarcopenia patients and to identify the effects of the intervention on physical function.

Trial registration

ChiCTR, ChiCTR2400083643. Registered on April 29, 2024.

Risk Prediction Models for Enteral Nutrition Aspiration in Adult Inpatients: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal

ABSTRACT

Objective

To systematically identify and appraise existing risk prediction models for EN aspiration in adult inpatients.

Data Sources

A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and VIP Database from inception to 1 March 2025.

Study Design

Systematic review of observational studies.

Review Methods

Two researchers independently performed literature screening and data extraction using the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS). The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was employed to evaluate both the risk of bias and the clinical applicability of the included models.

Results

A total of 17 articles, encompassing 29 prediction models, were included. The incidence of aspiration was 9.45%–57.00%. Meta-analysis of high-frequency predictors identified the following significant predictors of aspiration: history of aspiration, depth of endotracheal intubation, impaired consciousness, sedation use, nutritional risk, mechanical ventilation and gastric residual volume (GRV). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.771–0.992. Internal validation was performed in 12 studies, while both internal and external validation were conducted in 5 studies. All studies demonstrated a high risk of bias, primarily attributed to retrospective design, geographic bias (all from different parts of China), inadequate data analysis, insufficient validation strategies and lack of transparency in the research process.

Conclusion

Current risk prediction models for enteral nutrition-associated aspiration show moderate to high discriminative accuracy but suffer from critical methodological limitations, including retrospective design, geographic bias (all models derived from Chinese cohorts, limiting global generalisability) and inconsistent outcome definitions.

Implications for Clinical Practice

Recognising the high bias of existing models, prospective multicentre data and standardised diagnostics are needed to develop more accurate and clinically applicable predictive models for enteral nutrition malabsorption.

Patient or Public Contribution

Not applicable.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO: CRD420251016435

Persistent global inequality in eye injury burden: a secondary analysis of the 2021 global burden of disease study (1990-2021)

Por: Wang · Z. · Huang · J. · Fang · Y. · Li · Y. · Yan · Z. · Chen · H. · Zheng · Y. · Yao · X. · Chen · H.
Objectives

Eye injury poses a significant challenge to the global burden of blindness. Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, this study aims to comprehensively assess the latest global burden of eye injury and examine its relationship with the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).

Design

Observational study.

Participants

Population-based data on eye injury from the GBD 2021 database, covering the period 1990–2021.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary outcomes included incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to eye injury. Secondary outcomes included temporal trends analysed using joinpoint regression, age-period-cohort effects, health inequality indices (Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index) and decomposition analysis of contributing factors.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, global eye injury incidence (in thousands) increased from 33 702.80 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 27 271.41 to 44 086.12) to 39 996.91 cases (95% UI: 32 341.74 to 52 215.74), while age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) declined from 622.73 to 503.26 per 100 000 population (average annual percent change (AAPC): –0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.81 to –0.46, p75 years). Health inequality between SDI regions narrowed (SII decreased from 3.10 to 2.21 per 100 000), with population growth contributing 207.93% to increased incidence.

Conclusion

The burden of eye injury exhibits distinct patterns across development levels, requiring tailored interventions: occupational safety for young adults in developing regions and fall prevention for the elderly in developed areas. Prevention strategies should align with regional economic development stages, emphasising workplace safety in industrialising regions while maintaining robust healthcare accessibility.

The Mediation of AI Trust on AI Uncertainties and AI Competence Among Nurses: A Cross‐Sectional Study

ABSTRACT

Aim

This study aimed to validate the mediating role of nurses' AI trust in the relationship between AI uncertainties and AI competence.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Methods

A purposive sample of 550 registered nurses with at least 1 year of clinical experience from three tertiary and two secondary hospitals in Jinan and Hangzhou, China, was used. Data were collected using structured questionnaires assessing AI uncertainty, trust and competence. Demographic data included gender, age, education level, years of clinical experience, professional title and hospital level. Mediation analysis.

Results

Most nurses were from tertiary hospitals (88.9%), held a bachelor's degree (87.6%), and had over 6 years of experience. The mediating role of AI trust between AI uncertainties and AI competence is validated. AI uncertainties affected AI trust (B = 0.39, p < 0.0001), explaining 10% of the variance. AI uncertainties and AI trust affected AI competence (B = 0.25 and 0.67, p < 0.0001), explaining 63% of the variation. AI trust's total effect was 0.51, comprising direct and indirect effects of 0.25 and 0.26, respectively.

Conclusion

Hospitals can reduce uncertainty through an AI-transparent decision-making process, providing clinical examples of AI and training nurses to use AI, thereby increasing trust. Second, AI systems should be designed to consider nurses' psychological safety needs. Hospital administrators utilise optimised AI technology training and promotional techniques to mitigate nurses' resistance to AI and enhance their positive perceptions of AI competence through trust-building mechanisms.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Impact: Enhancing nurses' AI trust can reduce uncertainty and improve their competence in clinical use. Strategies such as transparency, explainability and training programmes are crucial for improving AI implementation in healthcare.

No Patient or Public Contribution

This study focused solely on clinical nurses and did not include patients or the public.

Reporting Method

The study adhered to STROBE guidelines.

Adaptation and Validation of the Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT): A Quantitative Methodological Study

ABSTRACT

Aims

To translate the Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT) into Chinese and conduct preliminarily tests of its performance in hospitalized patients with cancer.

Design

A cross-sectional validation study conducted from January to March 2024.

Methods

SPICT 2022 was translated in both directions, following the Brislin translation model, and the Chinese version culturally debugged through expert consultation and pre-testing. Content validity was evaluated by expert scoring. Tool internal consistency was evaluated using KR-20 coefficient, and retest reliability was evaluated using kappa coefficient. The screening performance was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).

Results

Of 388 hospitalized cancer patients included, approximately one-quarter had potential palliative care needs. Content validity of the Chinese version of SPICT was good, as were internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Accuracy (0.905), sensitivity (0.806), specificity (0.943), PPV (0.845), and NPV (0.926) for the Chinese version of SPICT indicated that it is an acceptable instrument.

Conclusion

The Chinese version of SPICT can be applied for screening of palliative care needs in hospitalized patients with cancer in China.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The Chinese version of SPICT had been adapted to assist clinicians or nurses in quickly identifying hospitalized patients with cancer who may have palliative care needs. This is conducive to help clinical team to start palliative care consultation, care goal discussion and (or) referral for patients in clinical practice. And it probably helps to advance integration between palliative care assessment and routine oncology care assessment.

Impact

This study provided a screening tool for palliative care, with good validity and reliability, as well as excellent screening performance to facilitate palliative care need screening in clinical practice, promote palliative care referrals and improve patient quality of life.

Reporting Method

This study was reported according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.

Correlation between postoperative pain trajectories and recovery after day surgery: a protocol for a prospective cohort study

Por: Yang · D. · Wang · X. · Li · X. · Su · S. · Yang · L. · Fan · D.
Introduction

We hypothesise that distinct postoperative pain trajectories are significantly associated with postoperative recovery outcomes. To test this, we will systematically investigate the dynamic trajectories of postoperative pain, identify influencing factors and explore the relationship between pain trajectory categories and recovery within 1 month postoperatively.

Methods and analysis

We plan to enrol 1000 day surgery patients. The primary outcome measure will be the recovery status at 1 month postoperatively, assessed using the Recovery Quality of Life Scale-15. The secondary outcome measures will be the patients’ subjective recovery ratings, satisfaction scores and pain interference with daily life scores. To capture pain progression, assessments will be conducted at four time points (days 1, 3, 7 and 30) using the Brief Pain Inventory. Latent class growth analysis will identify distinct pain trajectory classes, and their association with postoperative recovery will be examined. Generalised linear mixed models and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression will be used to identify risk factors for high-risk pain trajectories.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by the Sichuan Provincial Medical Ethics Committee (ethical review No. 749, 2024). Findings will be disseminated to participants, funders, the research community and the public to ensure transparency and accessibility.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2500095991.

Measurement of subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment using Brief Elderly Cognitive Screening Inventory in Chinese community older adults: a cross-sectional feasibility study

Por: Wu · Y. · Gao · Y. · Fan · J. · Tang · L. · Yang · B. · Mao · Z.
Background

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are high-risk factors for dementia. We developed a cognitive measurement tool for screening SCD and MCI in community-dwelling elderly individuals.

Objective

This study investigated the feasibility of using the Brief Elderly Cognitive Screening Inventory (BECSI) as a screening measure for MCI and SCD in community elderly.

Design

A cross-sectional validation study.

Participants

The study included 1642 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years.

Outcome measures

The Cronbach’s α and split-half coefficients were calculated to test its reliability. The BECSI scores of the normal control group, SCD group and MCI group were compared. The internal consistency analysis, correlation analysis with the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) and core neuropsychological test (CNT) were conducted. The screening efficacy of BECSI was verified by receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

BECSI was a self-report questionnaire. Its Cronbach’s α coefficient and split-half coefficient were respectively 0.923 and 0.888. The correlation coefficients between the total score and individual items ranged from 0.185 to 0.813, and were also significantly correlated with NPI and CNT. Statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups in the total scores. The areas under the curves for distinguishing SCD from normal cognitive and MCI from SCD are 0.835 and 0.889, respectively, with the optimal cut-off points of 12.5 and 16.5.

Conclusion

BECSI is quick and easy to administer, and can be used as a feasible and useful measure for screening SCD and MCI in community-dwelling older adults.

Confidence, animal spirits, and the macroeconomy in China: Based on mixed-frequency data models

by Wanbo Lu, Qibo Liu, Haofang Li

This paper employs the mixed-frequency Granger causality test, reverse unconstrained mixed-frequency data sampling models, and Chinese data from January 2006 to June 2024 to test the nexus between consumer confidence and the macroeconomy. The results show that changes in the real estate market, GDP, and urban unemployment rate are Granger causes of consumer confidence. In reverse, consumer confidence is a Granger cause of the CPI. Second, GDP and the real estate market (CPI and urban unemployment rate) have a significant positive (negative) impact on consumer confidence, while the conditions of industrial production, interest rate, and stock market do not. Third, the “animal spirits” extracted from consumer confidence cannot lead to noticeable fluctuations in China’s macroeconomy. This suggests that the “animal spirits” will not dominate economic growth, even though they affect the macroeconomy slightly and inevitably. The results are robust after replacing the dependent variable and considering the influence of the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, intestinal digestive capacity and morphological structure in growing female minks

by Hongfei Liu, Wenli Li, Gaoqiang Fan, Qiaoyi Chen, Shulei Zhang, Beibei Zhang

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, duodenal digestive enzyme activity, and jejunal morphology in growing female minks. Ninety-six 12-week-old minks were randomly assigned to six groups (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg/kg COS), with 8 replicates per treatment and 2 minks per replicate, for an 8-week trial. The results showed that average daily gain (ADG) increased quadratically with increasing COS levels (P P P P P P 

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of KAP‐ST: A Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Instrument for Care Workers at Preventing Skin Tears

ABSTRACT

Aim

Preventing skin tears (STs) in older adults is an urgent public health concern, especially in long-term care (LTC) facilities. However, limited research on ST prevention among care workers exists due to a lack of suitable assessment tools. This study aims to develop and psychometrically evaluate the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice instrument for care workers in preventing Skin Tears (KAP-ST) in older adults.

Method

The KAP-ST was developed and validated in four phases during May–October 2024. First, an item pool was generated through a comprehensive literature review. Second, a preliminary instrument was developed through a Delphi expert consultation and pilot testing. Third, the items and the final instrument were optimised through a cross-sectional survey involving 317 care workers from 29 LTC facilities in China. Finally, a psychometric evaluation was conducted in another cross-sectional survey involving 373 care workers from 18 LTC facilities.

Result

The final KAP-ST contains 35 items across knowledge, attitude and practice dimensions. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a nine-factor structure (factor loadings ranging from 0.451 to 0.799, accounting for 61.35% of total variance). The Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) values ranged from 0.926 to 1.000, and the Scale-Level Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.991. The instrument's Cronbach's α, split-half, and test–retest reliability coefficients were 0.887, 0.744, and 0.934, respectively. The CFA analysis revealed an ideal absolute fit validity (RMSEA = 0.068; RMR = 0.029) and parsimony fit validity (PGFI = 0.684).

Conclusion

The KAP-ST demonstrates strong reliability, structural validity and content validity. It is well-suited for assessing care workers' knowledge, attitudes and practices in preventing STs among older adults. Further research is required to enhance and confirm its validity.

Implications for the Profession

STs in the spotlight recently necessitate the use of appropriate investigative tools to facilitate in-depth research, especially for care workers, who should prioritise access to specialised knowledge. Introducing professional guidance in LTC facilities is recommended to enhance the knowledge, attitude and practice of care workers.

Reporting Method

Standardised Guidelines for Scale Construction and COSMIN checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contributions.

Structural Resilience Across the Life Course: Perspectives From Older Adults Racialized as Black

ABSTRACT

Aim(s)

This study explored perceptions of older adults racialised as Black on structural resilience across the life course.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

Using purposive sampling, we recruited 15 Black adults aged 50 and older residing in Baltimore, Maryland, including individuals possessing historical or current knowledge of the community. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit participants' experiences with structural resources during childhood, adulthood and late adulthood. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis.

Results

Of the 15 participants, three identified as male (20.0%) and 12 as female (80.0%), with an average age of 70.9 ± 8.2 years. The analysis identified nine categories of structural resilience, confirming its multifaceted and dynamic nature. Common categories present across all life stages included: Built environment, civic engagement, food and housing, healthcare, and social capital and cohesion. Life stage–specific categories included child and family services, educational supports, and workforce development supports during childhood and adulthood, and financial support during adulthood and late adulthood.

Conclusion

These categories were interdependent and spanned across life stages, illustrating the dynamic, cumulative and relational qualities of structural resilience. Furthermore, structural resources were identified as key to safeguarding, empowering and restorative responses to adversity.

Impact

These findings contribute to the development of a nuanced, life course–informed framework of structural resilience and highlight the need for ecological strategies that address structural forces shaping health and well-being, particularly among older adults racialised as Black.

Reporting Method

This study was reported in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.

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