To assess the magnitude and associated factors of suicidal behaviour and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among youth of the Gurage Zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Regional, Ethiopia, 2024.

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted.

This research was carried out in the Gurage Zone.

This study was conducted among 719 Gurage Zone youths from 1 January 2024 to 1 February 2024.

Suicidal behaviours and non-suicidal self-injury were assessed using a pretested, interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire. Data were entered in EpiData V,3.1 and exported to SPSS V.25 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify significant factors associated with suicidal behaviours and NSSI. Variables with a p-value less than 0.05 and adjusted ORs with 95% CI were used to declare association with the outcome variable in the final model.

Out of the total 820 study participants, 719 participants participated in the study, giving a response rate of 88%. Among 719 respondents 465 (64.7%) were males. The prevalence of high risk of suicidal behaviours was 11.7% (95% CI 8.14 to 14.30) and it is significantly associated with substance use in the last 3 months (adjusted OR (AOR)=6.84; 95% CI 3.48 to 13.47), having moderate insomnia (AOR=3.09; 95% CI 1.30 to 7.31) and having depression (AOR=6.84; 95% CI 3.48 to 13.47).

The prevalence of NSSI among youths was 38% (95% CI 34.52 to 41.86). Substance use in the last 3 months (AOR=2.459; 95% CI 1.59 to 3.81), youths having depression (AOR=3.348; 95% CI 2.29 to 4.91), youths who were exposed to stressful life events (AOR=9.86; 95% CI 6.46 to 15.07) were significantly associated with NSSI.

Nearly 1 in 10 youths in the Gurage Zone exhibited high-risk suicidal behaviour, and over one-third reported NSSI. Suicidal behaviour was significantly associated with substance use, depression and moderate insomnia, while NSSI was significantly associated with substance use, depression and exposure to stressful life events. These findings highlight the prevalence of self-harm and the key factors associated with these behaviours among youth in this region.

Haemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder with complex support and costly treatment. Comprehensive care for people with haemophilia (PwH) must take place in structured and continuously evaluated treatment centres. The aim of the Public Assistance for People with Haemophilia in Brazil Project (PATCH Project) is to assess the infrastructure, human resources and healthcare delivery processes of Brazilian Blood Centres (BC) involved in the provision of haemophilia care.

This is a nationwide cross-sectional study involving 98 BC across Brazil’s 26 states and the Federal District, focusing on the care provided to PwH. A self-administered structured questionnaire was prepared, based on national and international recommendations for management, treatment and outcomes assessment in PwH. The criteria of the World Federation of Haemophilia and the European Association for Haemophilia and Allied Disorders will be used to define standards of quality.

Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Goiás, the coordinating centre (protocol CAAE 53863221.8.0000.5078), and subsequently by all participating institutions. Written informed consent is obtained from all participants prior to enrolment. Study findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at international scientific conferences. Research data will be managed in accordance with ethical and legal standards and will be made available on reasonable request to support future investigations.

Not applicable

The main objective of this study was to explore and describe perceived risk of women towards Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer (CC) in Adama, Ethiopia. Perception of women towards CC screening was also investigated.

A qualitative exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was employed. The health belief model (HBM) theoretical framework guided the study. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) using open-ended, unstructured questions and analysed using a theory-driven thematic analysis with the use of the key constructs of the HBM.

The study was conducted from 1 to 30 October 2023 at three selected public health facilities in Adama, where CC screening service is being offered.

Thirty (10 from each public health facility) 25–49 years women were purposefully selected and participated in the FGDs until data saturation was reached. Information-rich women, believed to have some awareness about the topics to be discussed and could have the ability to clearly articulate their experience during the FGDs, were selected.

There was low perceived susceptibility but high perceived severity of HPV infection and CC. Early detection of symptoms, getting treated in time and prevention of CC were the major perceived benefits recognised in the study. Fear of the result and negative influence from peers were perceived barriers identified. With regard to self-efficacy, all the participants had full confidence to be screened. Participants’ cues to action include recommendation from health workers and perceived bad experiences previously happened on others.

There was low perceived susceptibility but high perceived severity of HPV infection and CC. Awareness creation campaigns about HPV infection and CC are crucial.

This study addresses the limited evidence of the impact of product characteristics on demand for and the substitutability of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) or heated tobacco products for combusted cigarettes among people who smoke and have newly begun to use e-cigarettes.

A sample of 318 adults who smoke and recently initiated/reinitiated e-cigarette use participated in an online volumetric choice experiment in 2020–2021 to assess stated preferences for consumption and own and cross-price elasticities of three e-cigarette options (cig-a-like, vape pen or tank, closed pod system), heated tobacco product (IQOS) and their usual brand of cigarettes. Product attributes manipulated were price, flavour, level of harm, how well the product reduces cravings to smoke, and how discretely the product can be used. Multilevel zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to model the purchased quantities.

Cigarettes were preferred over all alternatives. However, demand for cig-a-likes, but not IQOS, increased when cigarette prices were higher. Higher prices for e-cigarettes and IQOS did not increase demand for cigarettes. The odds of buying e-cigarettes/IQOS were higher when their harm was stated as low or unknown versus being similar to cigarettes (ie, very high). Other attributes (including various flavour options) were not significantly associated with demand for e-cigarettes or IQOS.

People who smoke and recently began using e-cigarettes might substitute cig-a-likes for cigarettes when cigarette prices are higher. Policies to increase the cost of combusted cigarettes as well as communicate lower relative harm and low absolute harm of e-cigarettes may facilitate switching behaviour.