Conectar
by Jaime Carballedo-Pulido, Mariona Farrés-Tarafa, Juan Roldán-Merino, Marta Berenguer-Poblet, Montserrat Girabent-Farrés, Carla Otero-Arús, Susana Santos-Ruiz
BackgroundAlthough the SBAR framework is widely used in clinical and educational settings, there is a lack of validated Spanish-language tools that objectively assess its use by students in simulation. The adaptation and validation of the SBAR-LA rubric address this gap and provide a resource for training and evaluating structured communication.
ObjectiveTo conduct the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the SBAR-LA rubric in Spanish for assessing structured communication skills in undergraduate nursing students during clinical simulation.
MethodsA two-phase cross-sectional psychometric validation study was conducted. Phase one involved cross-cultural adaptation, including forward and backward translation, expert panel review, and cognitive debriefing with nursing students. Phase two assessed inter-rater reliability using Krippendorff’s alpha based on 97 performance evaluations obtained in different simulation scenarios. The SBAR-LA-Sp rubric contains 10 dichotomous items across the four SBAR dimensions.
ResultsThe Spanish version of the SBAR-LA rubric demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability, with a Krippendorff’s alpha of 0.933 (95% CI: 0.905–0.956). Internal consistency and agreement between raters were also high, confirming the instrument’s robustness.
ConclusionsThe Spanish version of the SBAR-LA rubric provides an objective measure of structured communication in nursing simulation. The findings support its use in academic training. Further research is needed to examine its effect on learning outcomes.
Despite a lack of evidence relating to effectiveness and safety, the use of apps in the field of mental health is increasing due to their ease of use and accessibility. The aim of the EvalDepApps project is to develop and validate an assessment tool for evaluating depression management apps based on scientific evidence, expert judgement and end-user needs.
The purpose of this study was to determine the most relevant criteria for evaluating apps intended to manage depression through consensus-based assessment.
A total of 43 individuals were invited to participate in an online modified Delphi study of 51 criteria identified from the literature. In Round 1, participants rated criteria according to relevance and three levels of consensus were defined: high level when ≥80% of respondents scored the criterion at 5 or 6; medium when 60%–79% of respondents scored the criterion at 5 or 6 and low when
The response rate was 59.0% (26/43) in Round 1 and 53.4% (23/43) in Round 2. In Round 1, 24 criteria (47.1%) attained the maximum level of consensus, 20 (39.2%) the medium level and 7 (13.7%) the lowest level. In Round 2, 4 out of 20 criteria (20.0%) attained the maximum consensus. Participant comments reinforced the relevance of the selected criteria. The final list consisted of 28 criteria, the majority relating to Safety and Privacy and Clinical Effectiveness (25.0% each), followed by Usability and Functionality (17.9%).
By prioritising criteria relating to data safety and clinical effectiveness, participants in this study emphasised that the assessment of apps for depression management must take both these aspects into full consideration. Despite some limitations of the study (eg, lack of participant sociodemographic data and its implications for generalisation, not face-to-face inter-round), the results of this study will enable the EvalDepApps project to develop an assessment tool for depression management apps that incorporates the most relevant criteria.
EvalDepApps will support healthcare professionals and users in identifying safe, effective and user-friendly depression management apps.
Patients with fragility fractures are two times as likely to suffer future fractures as their peers who have not suffered a fracture. In addition, 40% of those who suffer fragility fractures do not recover their level of functioning in terms of activities of daily living after 1 year. The present study aims to verify the hypothesis that a semipersonalised home-based exercise intervention may improve patients’ independence and reduce the number of hospital admissions compared with usual care for a population that suffers fragility fractures.
This parallel-arm single-blinded randomised-controlled trial will take place at the University of Cordoba (Spain) between September 2022 and September 2024. Patients aged >50 years old who have undergone surgery for a fragility hip fracture and who were prefracture independent (Barthel index (BI)>60) will be invited to participate. Patients will be excluded if they present a different type of fracture, mild or greater cognitive impairment or contraindication to exercise training. Patients will then be randomised into exercise or usual care group. The former will receive a daily walking appointment (number of steps to be completed inside home, interspersed with sit-to-stand movements) with the total volume increasing weekly. The latter will receive the usual care. The outcomes, collected at baseline, at the end of training (3 months) and at follow-up (6 months) by blinded operators will include the BI and number of readmissions (primary outcomes) and quality of life, exercise capacity, strength, cognitive status, bone mineral density and laboratory biomarkers (secondary outcomes). Variables related to quality of life, cognitive status, laboratory markers and densitometry will also be analysed.
The research ethics committee of the province of Cordoba approved the project (number 326; date 28 July 2021). Patients who meet the eligibility criteria will receive a patient information document and the consent form and will be encouraged to ask any questions. The proposed research respects the fundamental principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, the Council of Europe Declaration on Human Rights and Biomedicine, the UNESCO Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, and the Oviedo Council on Human Rights and Biomedicine. The data obtained in this study will be confidential. They will be treated by the Organic Law 3/2018, of 5 December, on the Protection of Personal Data and Guarantee of Digital Rights, keeping it strictly confidential and not accessible to unauthorised third parties, and the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on Data Protection (RGPD). Written informed consent will be obtained from all the participants. The study’s results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific congresses worldwide. The results will also be disseminated through patient advocacy group newsletters and social media platforms. Patient partners will help select the appropriate channels and develop plain-language summaries tailored to their communities’ needs.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04934358 (registration date: 14 June 2021).
To examine the role of nurses in providing post-treatment follow-up care to breast cancer survivors, and to assess the impact of this care on survivors' satisfaction.
Scoping review.
An electronic literature search from PubMed and CINAHL databases was conducted, covering the period from 2013 to November 2023.
Twenty-seven articles were included in this review, highlighting key areas in which nurses play essential roles in the provision of post-treatment care for breast cancer survivors. The identified nursing roles include the surveillance and early detection of relapses, the assessment and support of self-management for late physical and psychosocial effects of cancer, health promotion and care coordination. Regarding satisfaction, survivors reported high overall satisfaction with nursing care. However, satisfaction levels varied with regard to specific needs, particularly in managing the fear of recurrence.
Nurses play a fundamental role in delivering post-treatment care to breast cancer survivors. However, evidence regarding their specific contributions and survivors' satisfaction with long-term care remains limited, underscoring the need for further research to enhance care during the long-term survivorship phase.
Consolidating the diverse roles of nurses in post-treatment care into a unified framework could support comprehensive and personalised care, addressing unmet needs. Evaluating patient satisfaction with nursing follow-up helps identify effective interventions and areas for improvement in future research.
This review analyses the diverse roles of nurses in the follow-up care of breast cancer survivors and highlights the impact of nursing care on patient satisfaction.
This study adhered to the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines.
No patient or public contribution.
The number of people living with dementia is increasing worldwide. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. It typically manifests itself initially with cognitive impairment in the memory domain and gradually progresses towards affecting all activities of daily living. Active music interventions, particularly singing, may improve mood, social behaviour and quality of life. However, little is known about their effects on cognition, although some studies have provided promising results. The Memory for Music (M4M) project aims to fill this gap in research by measuring the effects of learning new songs on cognitive functioning. Specifically, M4M will examine memory for new songs in non-musician adults with AD after undergoing intensive versus minimal individual musical training based on singing novel songs.
Home-dwelling adults with AD, 65 years or older, will receive 5 months of intensive intervention (2x/week) and 5 months of minimal intervention (1x/month). In a crossover design, participants will be randomised to receive either the intensive or minimal intervention first, with 2 months between the intervention periods. Participants will receive individual music lessons to learn new songs, provided by a music instructor with adequate training. The main outcomes will be measured at the beginning and end of each intervention period. General cognition will be measured with the AD Assessment Scale – Cognitive by an assessor blinded to the randomisation. Participants’ memory for music will be measured using the N400 component of electroencephalographic (EEG) event-related potentials in response to music stimuli. Additional outcomes evaluated during intervention sessions include mood and musical performance observations. With 113 participants randomised, the trial will have 80% power to detect clinically meaningful effects. Relations between mood, memory for music and cognitive abilities will be examined, with sex, age, AD stage, previous musical training and education as covariates. M4M will be conducted in close collaboration between academic researchers, service providers and service users to ensure relevance and applicability.
Dissemination of findings will apply to local, national and international levels. The study has been approved by the Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics in Norway (reference number 759936) and by Mautalén Salud e Investigación, CECOM in Argentina (register code 14412).
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT06611878.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common complication in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Letermovir (LTV) prophylaxis during the first 100 days post-SCT is effective and safe in preventing this infection, although it may be associated with a delay in CMV-specific immune reconstitution. Hence, a study is needed to evaluate whether the absence of CMV-specific immune reconstitution at the end of LTV prophylaxis is associated with the development of late infection. This could facilitate the individualisation of CMV prophylaxis duration in these patients.
INMUNOEND is a multicentre, prospective, observational, non-interventional study including CMV seropositive patients undergoing allo-SCT who receive LTV prophylaxis during the first 100 days post SCT. Immunological and virological monitoring will be conducted until day+200 post-SCT. The primary outcome is the percentage of patients who develop clinically significant CMV infection up to day+200 post-SCT after completing LTV prophylaxis. Data collected will include baseline characteristics of the haematological diseases and comorbidities, variables related to SCT (ie, engrafment, graft-versus-host disease, use of LTV and CMV replication) and variables related to CMV-specific immune reconstitution.
Ethical approval has been obtained from the institutional review board (Comité de Ética de la Investigación de Córdoba; SICEIA-2024–0 01 762). The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at national and international conferences.
To analyse the impact of a participatory process of awareness and reflection on compassion, in the face of end-of-life processes, in students aged 12–23 years in six Spanish regions, and to understand how the participatory process can transform their compassion.
Mixed sequential transformative methodology with different phases. In the first phase, a prospective quasi-experimental design with evaluation pre-post in a single group will be adopted. The second phase is the intervention under study, which will consist of a Participatory Action Research with concurrent evaluations.
In the quantitative phase, 1390 students aged 12–23 from a Public University and a Public Secondary Education Institute across six different Spanish regions will be included. A single questionnaire will be administered before and after the Participatory Action Research to contribute to the process evaluation, incorporating four scales (compassion for others' lives, Death Anxiety Scale, basic empathy modified for adolescents and self-compassion). Responses will be recorded in the Research Electronic Data Capture system. For data analysis, comparison groups, change evolution and associations between variables will be examined, along with multivariate logistic regression models. In the qualitative phase of participatory action research, a promoter group will be established in each university and secondary school in every region. Qualitative data will be analysed following the authenticity, transferability, auditability and neutrality criteria. Discourse analysis triangulation will be conducted to achieve data saturation.
Implementing participative action research in the educational environment to improve students' compassion makes them capable of founding compassion communities to help those who have a terminal illness.
This study will adhere to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines, such as the Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study guideline, to efficiently report its results through the different steps of this mixed-methods study.
Participatory action research is a method that enables participants to act as researchers of the phenomenon under study, facilitating the immediate application of results within the context. Although students did not participate in the writing of the proposal grant or the research design.
This study registered on Clinical Trials (NCT06310434), was initiated in January 2024, and it will continue up to December 2026.
This multicentre study will contribute to the nursing community with an overview of compassion for those at the end of their lives among young people and provide the knowledge needed to cultivate compassion at universities and schools.
Implementing compassion programmes and death education in the educational environment will empower students to create a compassionate community. The double evaluation of the process will contribute to the qualitative databases.
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) using a value-based model that considers drug durability, dosing regimens and real-world administration strategies, including safe vial fractionation.
Model-based pharmacoeconomic analysis using data from randomised clinical trials and network meta-analyses. Analysis conducted from the payer perspective using cost data from the Spanish National Health System.
A model-based analysis compared five anti-VEGF agents—innovator and biosimilar ranibizumab, aflibercept 2 mg, brolucizumab and faricimab—across three dosing regimens: fixed, Pro Re Nata and Treat-and-Extend (TAE). Administration formats included single-use vials, prefilled syringes and vial fractionation (VF), with or without dead-space-free (DSF) syringes to minimise waste. The primary outcome was cost per optimal responder, defined as a patient gaining ≥15 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters, with and without adverse events. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using Number Needed to Treat (NNT), Net Efficacy Adjusted for Risk-NNT (adjusted for safety) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Secondary outcomes included the number of treated patients and optimal responders achievable within a fixed 1 000 000 budget.
The most cost-effective strategy was aflibercept 2 mg under a TAE regimen using DSF VF, with a total cost of 6214 per patient and a cost per optimal responder of 27 155. Under a fixed budget of 1 000 000, this approach allowed treatment of 160 patients, yielding 36 optimal responders. Faricimab with DSF VF ranked second, with a total cost of 5847 and a cost per optimal responder of 28 652, treating 171 patients and achieving 34 responders. In contrast, single-use vials without VF led to substantially higher total costs (eg, 11 305 for aflibercept TAE) and lower treatment capacity (eg, 88 patients treated).
This model demonstrates that combining durable agents, extended dosing intervals and optimised delivery strategies (eg, prefilled syringes and DSF VF) can substantially improve the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of anti-VEGF therapy in public health systems.
Elevated lipid profiles increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), adherence to therapy and achievement of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) target levels remain suboptimal. Coronary artery disease (CAD) presents substantial public health challenges, with LDL-C goal attainment rates reported to be between 30.0% and 54.0%. The EDHIPO MARCA (Evaluación De adherencia a la terapia HIPOlipemiante en pacientes de Muy Alto Riesgo CArdiovascular) study aims to evaluate LDL-C target achievement among Colombian patients with CAD.
This is a retrospective and multicentre study aiming to evaluate LDL-C target achievement within 12 months of coronary angiography across multiple Colombian institutions. Data will be retrospectively extracted from medical records corresponding to the years 2011, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2021 and 2022, which were selected to correspond with the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society guideline updates. Inclusion criteria included patients ≥18 years old with confirmed CAD and LDL-C reports recorded during outpatient follow-up. The study will evaluate a minimum sample size of 5000 patients, with data collected through medical records and managed using the REDCap platform. Statistical analyses will be conducted to assess LDL-C target achievement, associated factors and temporal trends using mixed-effects models. Uncertainty will also be explored through sensitivity analysis. The EDHIPO MARCA study will provide key insights into LDL-C target achievement in Colombia, contributing to both regional and global CAD management. Its findings will be used to help shape public health policies and serve as a foundation for future prospective research and interventions aimed at mitigating the burden of cardiovascular disease.
This study was approved by the Comité de Ética en Investigación Biomédica of Fundación Valle del Lili, the coordinating institution and creator of the study protocol. Each participating centre will obtain approval from its local ethics committee prior to data collection. Data will be collected in a de-identified manner, ensuring confidentiality. In accordance with Colombian Resolution 8430, this study is classified as 'no-risk', and informed consent was not required. The findings will be disseminated through scientific events and published in international peer-reviewed journals to contribute to cardiovascular disease management and public health policies.
The development of mental disorders is multifactorial across the lifespan. The introduction of the exposome concept has enhanced the understanding of life-course environmental factors by encompassing the totality of environmental exposures. While most studies on chronic diseases have applied a single-exposure approach, the exposome approach remains underutilised in mental disorder research. There is a need to better recognise the environmental factors considered in exposome analysis of mental disorders, the methodologies used and the gaps reported. This scoping review aims to map the evidence on the relationship between the exposome and mental disorders across the lifespan, identifying and describing the methodologies used and highlighting the gaps reported.
This scoping review will follow PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and the Population-Concept-Context approach. It will include observational and interventional studies involving populations of all ages in the community or healthcare settings. The search strategy will contain indexed terms in MEDLINE and will be adapted for CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, Embase and PsycINFO without restrictions on language or date of publication. For the selection of articles, two independent researchers will screen articles by title and abstract, followed by a full-text assessment. Afterwards, the extracted data will be summarised using a narrative and descriptive analysis.
Ethics approval is not required for this scoping review. Dissemination activities will include peer-reviewed publications and academic presentations.
Este artículo reflexiona sobre la investigación como una vocación inherente a la condición humana y como una oportunidad profesional transformadora para los recién graduados en enfermería. Desde una mirada antropológica y práctica, se analiza cómo la curiosidad y el pensamiento crítico pueden canalizarse hacia la mejora de los cuidados y la generación de conocimiento útil y contextualizado.
To examine the association between perceived quality of care and the level of coercion experienced by individuals hospitalised in acute mental health units.
National cross-sectional study.
Data were collected from 255 patients admitted to 12 acute mental health units across Spain. Standardised instruments assessed perceived quality of care and levels of coercion, humiliation and fear at discharge. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore associations between care quality dimensions and patients' experiences.
Perceived quality of care was significantly associated with lower levels of perceived coercion and humiliation. All dimensions of care quality showed inverse associations, with the “secluded” dimension showing the strongest association. The association between care quality and perceived fear was less consistent. These findings are particularly relevant for mental health nurses, who play a central role in delivering relational care and ensuring patients' emotional safety.
Higher perceived quality of care is associated with lower levels of coercion, humiliation, and fear during hospitalisation in acute mental health settings.
For mental health nursing, these results underscore the critical role of nurses in creating therapeutic environments that reduce coercive experiences. By fostering trust, promoting patient autonomy, and ensuring emotional and physical safety, nurses can significantly influence the quality of care and patient outcomes.
The study addresses the lack of evidence on how perceived quality of care influences experiences of coercion in acute mental health settings. Better perceived care quality is linked to reduced feelings of coercion, humiliation and fear. The research has direct implications for mental health nurses, clinical educators and healthcare managers aiming to improve patient experiences and reduce coercive practices in psychiatric care.
STROBE reporting guideline.
No patient or public contribution.
Objetivo. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar narrativamente la prevalencia de los distintos tipos de maltrato hacia las mujeres institucionalizadas en residencias de personas mayores, recopilar los principales factores de vulnerabilidad de las mujeres mayores y describir propuestas de mejora para su prevención. Metodología. Se ha utilizado la declaración PRISMA (2020) para informar sobre los principales hallazgos realizando una revisión de revisiones. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en MEDLINE (PubMed), reproduciéndose por última vez el 19 de enero de 2022, utilizando términos MeSH, palabras clave y operadores booleanos. Se seleccionaron revisiones de todo tipo y meta-análisis, realizadas en mujeres y en población de 65 o más años. Se extrajeron las principales características de los estudios, limitaciones e investigaciones futuras, prevalencias de los tipos de maltrato y los métodos de evaluación de los resultados obtenidos. Resultados. Se recuperaron 148 artículos y finalmente, 13 publicaciones fueron seleccionadas. Se ha observado una elevada prevalencia del maltrato a las personas mayores en España (29,3%). Los resultados principales informaron de las siguientes prevalencias de cada tipo de abuso: maltrato psicológico (4,2-47%), negligencias (0,2-24,6%), violencia física (0,5-16,5%), maltrato económico (0,7-21,5%) y abuso sexual (0,9-2,2%). Algunas diferencias respecto a la prevalencia de los tipos de maltrato estudiados se deben a la variedad de países y culturas donde se han realizado estos estudios. La mayor parte de las investigaciones coinciden en que el maltrato psicológico es el que mayor incidencia presenta, así como en que las cifras de abuso a las mujeres mayores son superiores a las de los hombres de este grupo de edad. Discusión. La forma más prevalente de abuso en este colectivo es el maltrato psicológico, siendo el más complicado de detectar. Es una cuestión fundamental formar al personal sanitario para ayudar a la detección de los diferentes tipos de maltrato, otorgándoles las herramientas y los conocimientos necesarios.
ABSTRACT
Objective. The aim of this review was to narratively analyse the prevalence of the different types of abuse against institutionalized women in nursing homes, to identify the main vulnerability factors in older women, and to describe proposals for improving their prevention. Methodology. The PRISMA statement (2020) was used to report the main findings by conducting a review of reviews. The search was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), last reproduced on 19 January 2022, using MeSH terms, keywords, and Boolean operators. We selected reviews of all types and meta-analyses, conducted in women and in populations aged 65 and older. The main characteristics of the studies, limitations and future research, prevalence of the types of abuse and methods of evaluating the results obtained were extracted. Results. 148 articles were retrieved, and 13 publications were finally selected. A high prevalence of elderly abuse was observed in Spain (29.3%). The main results reported the following prevalences of each type of abuse: psychological abuse (4.2-47%), negligence (0.2-24.6%), physical violence (0.5-16.5%), financial abuse (0.7-21.5%) and sexual abuse (0.9-2.2%). Some differences in the prevalence of the types of abuse studied are due to the variety of countries and cultures where these studies have been conducted. Most of the studies agree that psychological abuse is the most prevalent type of abuse and that the incidence of abuse of elderly women is higher than that of men in this age group. Discussion. The most prevalent type of abuse in this group is psychological abuse, which is the most complicated to detect. It is essential to provide training for health personnel to facilitate the detection of the different types of abuse, providing them with the necessary tools and knowledge.
Introducción. Las intervenciones de música en directo pueden ayudar a mejorar el bienestar tanto psicológico como físico, emocional y espiritual. El presente proyecto nace de un trabajo colaborativo e interdisciplinar entre dos titulaciones de grado: Enfermería e Interpretación Musical. Objetivos. Analizar la efectividad de una intervención musical en directo en el bienestar de pacientes oncológicos. Metodología. Se plantea un estudio de diseño mixto. Un estudio cuasiexperimental sin aleatorización para evaluar el efecto de la intervención con grupo un control (N=33) y experimental (N=33) durante la administración del tratamiento en un hospital de día oncológico. Se recogerán variables sociodemográficas y clínicas (nivel de ansiedad, afectividad y signos vitales). También se analizarán los niveles de ansiedad y variación en los signos vitales en los intérpretes (estudiantes de música) antes y después de los ensayos y de la intervención. Se diseña un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico-hermenéutico para conocer las experiencias de los pacientes y los intérpretes tras la intervención musical. Aplicabilidad práctica. En este proyecto se destaca la importancia de la colaboración entre estudiantes de dos disciplinas complementarias en contextos sanitarios reales.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Live music interventions can help enhance psychological, physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. This research project stems from a collaborative and interdisciplinary effort between two undergraduate programs: Nursing and Musical Performance. Objectives. To analyze the effectiveness of a live music intervention on the well-being of oncology patients. Methodology. A mixed-methods study design is proposed. A quasi-experimental study without randomization will evaluate the effect of the intervention with a control group (N=33) and an experimental group (N=33) during chemotherapy treatment administration in a day hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical variables (anxiety levels, affectivity, and vital signs) will be collected. The levels of anxiety and changes in vital signs in the performers (music students) will be analyzed before and after rehearsals and the intervention. A phenomenological-hermeneutic qualitative study is designed to understand the experiences of the patients and performers after the musical intervention. Practical Applicability. This project emphasizes the importance of collaboration between students from two complementary disciplines in real healthcare settings, starting from their formative stages.
Introducción. El número de personas mayores está incrementando y esto lleva consigo un aumento de enfermedades relacionadas con la edad avanzada como la demencia. Se caracteriza por la pérdida de memoria u otras funciones mentales, que incapacita a los pacientes y precisan cuidados de otras personas, los cuidadores informales. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los factores de riesgo que contribuyen a la sobrecarga en los cuidadores informales de personas mayores con demencia. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión rápida con metodología sistemática, en MEDLINE (PubMed), creando una estrategia de búsqueda (términos MeSH, palabras clave y los operadores booleanos). Resultados. Un total de 16 artículos fueron incluidos con diferentes metodologías. De todos ellos, se obtuvieron datos acerca del grado de demencia del anciano, el perfil y la carga del cuidador mediante la escala Zarit Burden Interview y factores que afectan a padecer mayor sobrecarga. Se comprobó que la mayoría de los cuidadores son mujeres de mediana edad y que conviven con el paciente sin importar el lugar de procedencia. Se expresa mayor sobrecarga sobre los cuidadores de pacientes con demencia que con aquellos pacientes sin ella. Discusión. Los cuidadores con mayor estrés y ansiedad, y cuyo grado de conocimientos acerca de la enfermedad es inferior a la media tienen una peor puntuación en la escala Zarit Burden Interview. Se debe prestar atención a los factores de riesgo para evitar situaciones de sobrecarga, siendo necesario el apoyo social, económico, emocional y familiar.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. The number of elderly people is increasing, and this brings with it an increase in age-related diseases such as dementia. It is characterized by the loss of memory or other mental functions, which incapacitates patients and requires care from other people, the informal caregivers. The objective of this review was to analyse the risk factors that contribute to burden in informal caregivers of elderly patients with dementia. Methodology. A rapid review with systematic methodology was performed in the MEDLINE (PubMed), developing a search strategy (MeSH terms, keywords, and Boolean operators). Results. A total of 16 articles were included with different methodologies. Data were obtained about the degree of dementia in the elderly, caregiver profile and burden using the Zarit Burden Interview scale, and factors that affect suffering greater burden. It was observed that most of the caregivers are middle-aged women and that they cohabit with the elderly without consideration of the place of origin of the patient. Caregivers of patients with dementia are more burdened than caregivers of patients without dementia. Discussion. Caregivers with greater levels of stress and anxiety and lower than median knowledge of the disease scored worse on the Zarit Burden Interview scale. Attention should be focused on risk factors to avoid overload, and social, economic, emotional, and family support is also necessary.
Objetivos. Investigar los efectos del vapeo durante la gestación en la salud materna y fetal para poder determinar si el uso de cigarrillos electrónicos (CE) es una alternativa segura a los cigarrillos convencionales (CC). Metodología. Revisión sistemática de la literatura, siguiendo el método PRISMA, con una búsqueda en bases de datos específicas y el uso de criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados. Se seleccionaron 12 estudios relevantes, de los cuales 7 son transversales, 4 de cohortes y 1 de casos y controles. Se encuentran riesgos aumentados durante la gestación asociados al vapeo, aunque de diferentes magnitudes, y con contradicciones en la literatura revisada. Discusión. El vapeo durante el embarazo está vinculado a un mayor riesgo de resultados adversos perinatales, como bajo peso al nacer, parto prematuro y restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Comparativamente, las mujeres que usaron CE presentaron mayores riesgos que las no usuarias de tabaco, aunque el cese de su uso redujo dichos riesgos. En cuanto a la comparación entre CC y CE existe evidencia contradictoria. Sin embargo, las conclusiones se ven limitadas por la dependencia de datos autoinformados, el tamaño de la muestra, y la potencial influencia de factores de confusión no controlados. Estas limitaciones subrayan la necesidad de más investigaciones para esclarecer el impacto completo del vapeo durante el embarazo.
ABSTRACT
Objectives. To investigate the effects of vaping during gestation on maternal and fetal health; and determine whether the use of electronic cigarettes (EC) is a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes (CC). Methodology. Systematic literature review, following the PRISMA method, with a search in specific databases and the use of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. Twelve relevant studies were selected, 7 cross-sectional, 4 cohort and 1 case-control. Increased risks during gestation associated with vaping are found, although of different magnitudes, and with contradictions in the reviewed literature. Discussion. Vaping during pregnancy is linked to an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction. Comparatively, women who used ECs presented greater risks than non-tobacco users, although cessation of their use reduced these risks. Regarding the comparison between CC and EC, there is contradictory evidence. However, conclusions are limited by reliance on self-reported data, sample size, and the potential influence of uncontrolled confounding factors. These limitations underscore the need for further research to clarify the full impact of vaping during pregnancy.
Introducción: Las prácticas culturales que tienen las madres para tratar las infecciones respiratorias en sus niños pueden tener efectos positivos o negativos para su recuperación. Objetivo: Describir los cuidados en el hogar al niño hospitalizado con infecciones respiratorias agudas desde un enfoque cultural. Método: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo. La muestra estuvo representada por 12 madres de niños menores de cinco años con infecciones respiratorias agudas hospitalizados. Los datos se recolectaron a través de la entrevista semiestructurada y fueron procesados mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se establecen tres categorías: a) Uso de la medicina tradicional como práctica ancestral para tratar las infecciones respiratorias agudas, b) Hábitos en la alimentación durante las infecciones respiratorias agudas, c) Costumbres en el abrigo y la higiene frente a las infecciones respiratorias agudas. Conclusiones: Las madres tratan las infecciones respiratorias con plantas medicinales que son oriundas de su comunidad. Existen aspectos positivos que se deben preservar como brindar lactancia materna durante la enfermedad, pero se debe negociar el baño diario, y reestructurar el sobreabrigar al niño. Asimismo, el personal de enfermería debe tener conocimientos sobre la medicina tradicional y sus efectos, con la finalidad de brindar una educación sanitaria intercultural.
To study the effects of virtual reality (VR) on pain perception among a paediatric population while being vaccinated. We will also investigate the effects of VR on the fear experienced by children during the vaccination procedure, as well as parental satisfaction levels.
Many studies, for example, in the fields of oncology, dermatology or plastic surgery, have described the benefits of using VR to reduce the perception of pain among paediatric populations. These results are encouraging, but their main limitations were the small sample sizes they included or their methodological design.
This will be a randomised clinical trial.
SPIRIT guidelines were followed to report this protocol, and we will use the CONSORT and CONSORT-EHEALTH guidelines to report the randomised clinical trial. The sample will comprise 148 children aged 3–14 years who will come for vaccination at the Tres Forques Health Center. The participants will be randomly allocated into intervention group (VR; n = 74) or (the control group standard-of-care; n = 74) at a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group will view experiences with a VR headset as a distraction measure. The study variables will be the level of pain and fear perceived by the child during vaccination, parental satisfaction with the vaccination procedure, and sociodemographic and vaccination variables.
The start of the study is planned for September 2020, and the results will be expected in September 2021.
This study aims to identify what measures reduce pain and fear in children during vaccination, which in turn, can help to improve the degree of parental satisfaction with these procedures.
Vaccination is an independent function of the nursing profession. Identifying which distraction measures reduce the perception of pain and fear in the paediatric population will not only improve children's experiences but will also improve the satisfaction of both parents and children, thus increasing the degree of compliance with the vaccination schedule.
To determine the effect of immersive virtual reality (VR) on perceived pain and fear in children during vaccination and parental satisfaction with the procedure.
Virtual reality can reduce the perception of pain by children but only three studies have analysed its use during vaccination to date; these had small sample sizes and imperfect methodological designs.
A randomised controlled clinical trial.
One hundred and sixty participants from the Tres Forques Health Center were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) (n = 82) in which distraction with immersive VR was used during the vaccination, while standard distraction techniques were used for the control group (n = 80). The primary outcome was pain (Wong–Baker FACES). Secondary outcomes included (Children's Fear Scale) and parental satisfaction with the vaccination procedure. Chi-squared tests were used for qualitative variables, relationships between quantitative variables were tested with Spearman correlations, and Mann–Whitney U- or Student t-tests were employed to assess the relationship between quantitative and qualitative variables.
Compared to the controls, the children in the IG reported significantly less pain and fear, while parental satisfaction was significantly higher. Reported pain and fear did not differ according to the sex of the patient. Child age was not linked to fear but was related to pain: the younger the patient, the greater the pain they described.
Immersive VR effectively controlled pain and fear in children during vaccination and increased parent satisfaction with the vaccination process. Patient sex did not influence the level of pain and fear but age did.
Improving vaccination experiences can reduce perceived pain and fear in children and increase parent satisfaction, thereby enhancing vaccination schedule adherence and improving group immunity.
The CONSORT Statement for non-pharmacological randomised clinical trials were followed.
To learn about the attitudes of nurses working in the Andalusian Public Health System regarding euthanasia and its legalisation.
Euthanasia often finds itself in the crosshairs of ethical and political debate on an international scale. Currently, the Spanish Organic Law 3/2021 of 24 March, 2021, recognises euthanasia as a fundamental right in Spain. It is of particular interest to know about the views, attitudes and stances that Andalusian nurses have of euthanasia as they are key players within the framework of euthanasia and administration of life-ending drugs. They play a central role in guiding patients through the euthanasia application process.
Observational descriptive study.
A study of Andalusian Public Health System nurses was carried out using non-probability convenience sampling. 518 nurses with an average age of 44.75 years answered in a questionnaire that was distributed on an online platform. Socio-demographic and occupational variables were assessed, together with the Death Anxiety Scale and the Euthanasia Attitude Scale. A bivariate analysis and a multivariate linear regression model were performed. The STROBE checklist was used.
The mean score obtained on the Euthanasia Attitude Scale was 75.95 (SD = 16.53). The mean score obtained on the Death Anxiety Scale was 7.56 (SD = 3.05). The variables age and work experience were negatively correlated with the total scores of the Euthanasia Attitude Scale and the categories ‘Ethical considerations’, ‘Practical considerations’ and ‘Treasuring life’. On the other hand, there was a significant positive correlation between age and work experience and ‘Spiritual beliefs’ category.
The current situation shows a worrying paradox. There is a stark difference between positive professional attitudes towards euthanasia and the desire to participate in its application.
It is vital that educational and healthcare institutions make the necessary efforts to ensure that nurses develop sound moral judgement, displaying the moral conscience and ethical commitment required of this established profession.
No patient or public contribution.
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