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Dietary (poly)phenols have beneficial properties that may play a relevant role in the management of overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors, modulating physiological and molecular pathways involved in energy metabolism, adiposity and gut microbiota-derived metabolites.
The Prevention/Precision Diet in Araucanía (PREDIET-ARAC) trial is a randomised, single-blind, parallel arm, placebo-controlled, clinical trial designed to assess the potential health benefits of (poly)phenol intake through either diet or supplementation. The study will evaluate the effectiveness of a healthy plant-based diet (PBD) rich in (poly)phenols compared with (poly)phenol supplementation during a caloric restriction intervention.
A total of 99 adults (aged 25–45 years) with overweight or obesity (body mass index: 25–35 kg/m²) and cardiovascular risk factors will be recruited from primary health centres in Temuco, Araucanía Region, Chile. Participants will be randomised (stratified by age:
Dietary data will be collected using dedicated software through three 24-hour dietary recalls at baseline and post-intervention. (Poly)phenol intake will be estimated using the Phenol-Explorer database. The main data collection will include general and lifestyle questionnaires, anthropometric and bioimpedance measurements, blood pressure assessments using sphygmomanometers, physical activity monitoring through accelerometers and strength evaluations via dynamometry. Blood samples will be collected at both baseline and after 12 weeks. For the analysis of plasma metabolites, a large-scale targeted metabolomics approach will be employed, specifically utilising ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The healthy PBD will be primarily supplied by the food industry, encompassing a selection of regional and Latin American foods: blueberries, apple, nuts, olive oil and coffee. A descriptive and inferential statistical plan will be conducted, based on comparison tests, regression models and machine-learning algorithms.
This trial adheres to the Declaration of Helsinki and the CONSORT statement. Signed informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Ethical approval has been granted by the Ethical-Scientific Committee of the Health Service of Araucanía Sur, Chile (Approval No 11250095–58) and the Biosafety Committee of the Catholic University of Temuco. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and engagement with healthcare professionals and policymakers.
Evidence-based practice (EBP) plays an indispensable role in ensuring the safety and quality of nursing interventions, especially in labor-intensive and technology-dependent clinical environments such as intensive care units (ICUs). However, implementing EBP continues to be challenging due to perennial structural, organisational, and workforce issues. Concepts of implementation science can provide a framework with which to assess and facilitate the integration of factors that drive EBP implementation within ICUs.
To assess the level of EBP implementation within ICUs and examine the barriers and facilitators that drive EBP implementation using the PARIHS framework.
A concurrent mixed method design was utilised. The study was performed in the ICUs of two tertiary hospitals and involved nurses who completed survey questionnaires and participated in focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews. Ethics approval was obtained from relevant research ethics committees.
EBP implementation was low. EBP skills and training need significantly predicted levels of EBP implementation. Factors comprising context and facilitation affected nurses' experiences of implementing EBP, grouped into three themes of Identity, Power Ownership, and Dynamism. Meta-inferences showed that evidence, context, and facilitation can be characterised as a continuum, providing a three-dimensional perspective of implementing EBP.
The PARIHS framework has provided an alternative perspective with which to approach EBP implementation, foregrounding the role of context and facilitation in promoting the uptake of evidence into clinical practice.
Critical care nurses have contributed to the development of the research design and data collection plan.
by Vijeeth Guggilla, Jennifer A. Pacheco, Alexandre M. Carvalho, Grant R. Whitmer, Anna E. Pawlowski, Jodi L. Johnson, Catherine A. Gao, Chad J. Achenbach, Theresa L. Walunas
BackgroundAdults with immunosuppression are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 than adults without immunosuppression. Less is known about differences in outcomes for adults with immunosuppression who are hospitalized with COVID-19.
MethodsA retrospective cohort study of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 at Northwestern Medicine hospitals between 03/01/2020 and 05/31/2022 was performed. Regression analyses were performed comparing in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, oxygenation requirements, and hospital/ICU length of stay among patients without immunosuppression (n = 9079) and patients with immunosuppression (n = 873).
ResultsPatients with immunosuppression had significantly higher mortality than patients without immunosuppression (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.11–1.60). This effect was even stronger when controlling for age at admission, diabetes, obesity, SARS-CoV-2 variant era, and COVID-19 medication use (adjusted OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.46–2.16). ICU admission (adjusted OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.41–1.90) and invasive ventilation (adjusted OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.36–2.06) were also significantly higher in patients with immunosuppression. Hospitalization length (median: 7 days) and ICU length of stay (median: 2.5 days) were longer in patients with immunosuppression compared to patients without immunosuppression (median: 5 days, adjusted p Conclusions
Patients with immunosuppression had worse outcomes than patients without immunosuppression. Subgroup analyses showed that patients with solid organ transplant had the worst outcomes overall. Patients with HIV had similar outcomes as patients without immunosuppression unless CD4 cell count was low.
Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can lead to reduced lung function and worse clinical outcomes. Previous studies have reported associations between severe exacerbations and increased risk of hospitalisation and/or mortality. This meta-analysis examined the impact of moderate exacerbations on the risk of future exacerbations and all-cause mortality.
This meta-analysis included seven observational studies from the EXACOS (EXAcerbations of COPD and their OutcomeS)/AVOIDEX (Impact of AVOIDing EXacerbations of COPD) programme studies.
This meta-analysis used data from regional claims databases or electronic healthcare records from seven countries.
The individual studies included patients with a diagnosis of COPD and ≥12 months of data availability before (regarded as baseline) and after the index (ie, the date of the first COPD diagnosis), with postindex data considered the follow-up period.
The number of COPD exacerbations experienced during the baseline period (ie, the exposure variable) was used to categorise patients into the following groups: no exacerbations, one moderate exacerbation only or two or more moderate/severe exacerbations. Outcomes assessed included risk of COPD exacerbations and all-cause mortality during follow-up as a function of baseline exacerbations. For meta-analyses, all rate ratios (RRs) were log-transformed, and associations were pooled across studies using random-effects meta-analysis models.
Among 2 733 162 patients with COPD, one moderate exacerbation was significantly associated with a twofold increased risk of future exacerbations compared with having no exacerbations during baseline, with pooled RRs (95% CIs) of 2.47 (1.47 to 4.14) at 1 year, 2.49 (1.38 to 4.49) at 2 years and 2.38 (1.30 to 4.34) at 3 years postindex. The pooled RR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality was 1.30 (1.05 to 1.62), indicating a 30% increase in risk following one moderate exacerbation versus no exacerbations.
Preventing moderate exacerbations in patients with COPD should be a priority that may improve patient trajectories and outcomes.
Post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) may include pulmonary sequelae, fatigue and other symptoms, but its mechanisms are not fully elucidated.
This study investigated the correlation between fatigue and the presence of pulmonary abnormalities in PCC patients with respiratory involvement 6–12 months after hospitalisation.
Cross-sectional study.
A tertiary hospital in Brazil.
315 patients, aged ≥18 years, were considered eligible based on SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR.
Pulmonary function tests (PFT), cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET), chest CT and hand grip were performed. The following scales were applied: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) scale, Euroqol 5 Dimensions quality of life (EQ-5D) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Participants were divided between the fatigue group (FACIT-F≤30) and the non-fatigue group (FACIT-F>30). For the statistical analysis, the primary outcome was the difference in the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) between groups. Considered secondary outcomes were differences in PFT, CPET, chest CT, hand grip, EQ-5D and HADS.
The fatigue group had 81 patients (25.7%) against 234 (74.3%). PFT and CPET showed no significant difference in DLCO and oxygen consumption peak values between groups. The fatigue group had a lower workload (mean 55.3±21.3 watts vs 66.5±23.2 watts, p=0.003), higher breathing reserve (median 41.9% (33.8–52.5) vs 37.7% (28.9–47.1), p=0.028) and lower prevalence of ground glass opacity (60.8% vs 77.7%, p=0.003) and reticulation (36.7% vs 54.9%, p=0.005) in chest CT. The fatigue group had higher anxiety (57% vs 24%, p
Fatigue in patients with PCC 6–12 months after hospitalisation is relatively common and had weak correlation with pulmonary disorders. Our results suggested fatigue could be strongly related with peripheral disorders such as reduced musculoskeletal strength or psychosocial limitations.
Friction blisters are common among outdoor enthusiasts, yet their causes remain uncertain. This study aimed to compare foot hydration in long-distance hikers with and without blisters, and to assess variability based on age and sex. An observational case–control study involving 86 hikers was conducted. Skin hydration was measured using a corneometer on various foot zones. Data on blister count, footwear, sex, age, and temperature were recorded. The most hydrated zones were the digital area, forefoot, and heel. Higher hydration was found in the blister group (61.6%) compared to the control group (38.4%). A significant relationship between hydration and blisters was observed in the left foot (p = 0.032). Total foot hydration was higher in women (p = 0.007) and inversely related to age (r = −0.333; p = 0.002). Hydration values above 30.40 a.u. in the right foot and 27.37 a.u. in the left foot were linked to blisters with 80% sensitivity. This study highlights the variability in foot hydration and its relationship with blisters. The influence of age and wet socks underscores the complexity of blister formation, emphasizing the need for future research on effective prevention.
La relación de la pérdida significativa de un ser querido y el alcoholismo ha minimizado las implicaciones sobre mecanismos de afrontamientos para generar conductas saludables. Este artículo se basa en entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad en hombres de entre 30 y 70 años, con más de 10 años en Alcohólicos Anónimos del Estado de Tamaulipas, México. El objetivo fue reflexionar sobre los significados de la pérdida significativa de un ser querido y el alcoholismo. En la búsqueda del significado, se explica que un factor que lleva al alcoholismo no es una sola pérdida significativa de personas queridas, sino un cúmulo también de pérdidas materiales y no materiales, se reflejaron recursos limitados para afrontar las pérdidas, la relación entre la pérdida significativa con el alcoholismo fue mediado por dos principales aspectos, las creencias sobre los efectos que produce el consumo de alcohol como formas de escapar de la realidad y las influencia de la familia al inicio del consumo de alcohol. Por otra parte, la presencia de lo espiritual, la conciencia y las emociones que experimentan durante su proceso de duelo y alcoholismo, los llevó a identificar el problema de la adicción, que permitió influir en el proceso de rehabilitación.
Introducción. El objetivo de la siguiente revisión fue caracterizar la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes adultos con VIH-SIDA en las dimensiones de grado de adherencia y factores de riesgo. Metodología. La presente revisión de la evidencia se llevó a cabo utilizando varios estudios que se hubieran publicado en los últimos 10 años en cualquier país a nivel mundial; la búsqueda de información se hizo en las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed, LILACS y Dialnet. Resultados. Se identificaron un total de 227 artículos; de los cuales, se excluyeron 211 publicaciones por no cumplir con los criterios de elegibilidad y finalmente los estudios que se incluyeron en esta investigación, fueron 14. Discusión. La falta de adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral es un problema latente que se puso de manifiesto en la evidencia científica analizada y a partir de los diferentes estudios que fueron recabados, se encontró que más de la mitad de los pacientes si fueron adherentes; mientras que en otros, ocurrió totalmente lo contrario y en relación a los factores de riesgo asociados a la falta de adherencia, se identificaron los siguientes: factores relacionados con el régimen terapéutico (aparición de reacciones adversas; presencia de comorbilidades; mayor tiempo bajo tratamiento), relacionados con el individuo (estrés, depresión, estigma, olvido, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y alcohol, grado académico, sexo masculino y menor edad) y relacionados con la situación social (falta de apoyo social familiar).
ABSTRACT
Introduction. The objective of the following review was to characterize adherence to antiretroviral treatment in adult patients with HIV-AIDS, in the dimensions of degree of adherence and risk factors. Methodology. This evidence review was carried out using several studies that have been published in the last 10 years in any country worldwide; the information search was carried out in the SciELO, PubMed, LILACS and Dialnet databases. Results. A total of 227 articles were identified; of which, 211 publications were excluded for not meeting the eligibility criteria and finally the studies that were included in this research were 14. Discussion. Lack of adherence to antiretroviral treatment is a latent problem that was highlighted in the scientific evidence analysed and from the different studies that were collected, it was found that more than half of the patients were adherent; while in others, the complete opposite occurred and in relation to the risk factors associated with non-adherence, the following were identified: factors related to the therapeutic regimen (occurrence of adverse reactions; presence of comorbidities; longer time under treatment), factors related to the individual (stress, depression, stigma, forgetfulness, consumption of psychoactive substances and alcohol, academic grade, male sex and younger age) and factors related to the social situation (lack of family social support).
Introducción: La depresión es una alteración del estado de ánimo que puede ocasionar desaliento y poca esperanza sobre su futuro; además, puede presentarse en todas las etapas de la vida y con mayor frecuencia en la adolescencia, debido a la serie de cambios físicos y psicológicos que se presentan lo cual los hace vulnerables a padecerla. Objetivo: Caracterizar el nivel de depresión en los adolescentes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Chilla. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal, en el cual se contó con la participación de 60 adolescentes; se utilizó como instrumento el test de Beck (BDI-2), que evalúa las dimensiones, somática motivacional y dimensión cognitiva afectiva. Resultados: el análisis de resultados demostró que el 38.3% están en edad de 17 años, el 51.7% son hombres, el 70% pertenecen a la zona urbana, un 100% tienen un estado civil soltero/a, mientras que el 40% cursan el tercero de bachillerato. Además, se logró evidenciar el nivel de depresión en base a la dimensión somática-motivacional donde el 40% tiene un nivel mínimo y el 11,7% un nivel grave; en la dimensión cognitivo-afectiva, el 43,3% presenta un nivel de depresión leve y el 1.7% un nivel grave, en cuanto al nivel general de depresión se muestra que, el 33,3% presentó un nivel mínimo y 16.7% un nivel grave. Conclusión: la depresión es uno de los grandes problemas de salud mental que afecta a la adolescencia, sobre todo genera alteraciones en las dimensiones somática y cognitiva del ser humano.
El nacimiento de un hijo es uno de los momentos clave en la vida de una pareja. Cuando sucede una muerte fetal, el impacto emocional que este hecho tiene sobre la familia es de suma importancia pudiendo repercutir en la vida social, familiar y de pareja. Presentamos el caso de una gestante de 23+4 semanas con diagnóstico de bolsa en reloj de arena con desenlace de muerte fetal anteparto. La atención que recibe una pareja que ha sufrido una pérdida perinatal debe ser de calidad ya que esto influye tanto en la salud mental de los progenitores como en la actitud ante una futura paternidad. Es por ello, que la elaboración de protocolos estandarizados, así como la forma-ción del equipo multidisciplinar ante estas situaciones ayudaría a brindar una atención óptima de salud biopsicosocial a estas familias.
Objetivo: conocer cómo se produce la relación dialógica entre los trabajadores del equipo de enfermería, los miembros de la familia y las personas en el proceso de muerte e morir en entorno de atención. Metodología: investigación cualitativa, desarrollada en un Hospital Universitario de marzo a junio de 2016, inspirada en la metodología de Leininger. Los datos se recopilaron mediante observaciones y entrevistas, con 24 familiares cuidadores y 47 trabajadores del equipo de enfermería como informantes clave, 18 trabajadores de enfermería y 15 familiares cuidadores. Resultados: se delimitaron las categorías: interrelaciones en el entorno hospitalario: mirar el proceso de muerte y morir del otro y de uno mismo y estrategias recursivas para repensar relacionadas con el proceso de muerte y morir. Conclusión: reitera la importancia de capacitar la equipe de enfermería para cuidar a los seres que experimentan el proceso de muerte y morir como una necesidad no solo organizativa, sino ética.
Objetivo principal: mapear la producción del conocimiento acerca de la temática violencia contra niños y adolescentes de una Institución Federal de Educación Superior (IFES) del Sur do Brasil. Metodología: Se trata de una investigación documental, a través de mapeo de la producción discente y docente de los cursos de graduación del área de la salud, educación, derecho, entre 1990 y 2016 en diferentes bases disponibles de la Universidad. Resultados: se constituyeron la muestra de la investigación, 86 producciones académicas, siendo 47 trabajos de conclusión de curso, 10 pro-yectos de investigación y 29 artículos científicos sobre violencia. Las producciones presentaron un crecimiento a partir de 2006, con un aumento considerable en 2012 y la Enfermería fue responsable del 46,5% de toda la producción académica y la atención a niños y adolescentes víctimas de violencia fue el tema con el mayor número de producción. Conclusión: la importancia de abordar el tema en los currículos a fin de que todas las áreas del conocimiento puedan ejercer su coparticipación en la garantía de derechos de niños y adolescentes que son acometidas por la violencia.
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