Little research has been done on post-COVID symptoms at 24 months postinfection and on the association these may have on health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

We assessed the prevalence and severity of post-COVID symptoms and quantified EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L), self-perceived health question (EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS)) and health utility scores (HUS) up to 24 months follow-up.

The longitudinal multiple cohort CORona Follow-Up (CORFU) study combines seven COVID-19 patient cohorts and a survey among the general public. The participants received questionnaires on several time points. Participants were stratified by: without a known SARS-CoV-2 infection (control group), proven SARS-CoV-2 infection but non-hospitalised, proven SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalised to the ward, and proven SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalised to the intensive care unit (ICU).

In this study, data of seven COVID-19 patient cohorts and a survey among the general public are included.

Former COVID-19 patients and controls participated in this cohort study.

Former COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 controls were sent questionnaires on symptoms associated with post-COVID condition. The CORFU questionnaire included 14 symptom questions on post-COVID condition using a five-level Likert-scale format. Furthermore, HRQOL was quantified using the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L questionnaire: EQ-VAS and the EQ-5D-5L utility score. The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire includes five domains that are scored on a five-point Likert scale: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression.

A total of 901 participants (and 434 controls) responded at 24 months follow-up. In all former COVID-19 patients, the presence of post-COVID condition at 24 months was observed in 62 (42.5%, 95% CI 34.3% to 50.9%) of the non-hospitalised patients, 333 (65.0%, 95% CI 60.7% to 69.2%) of the hospitalised ward patients and 156 (63.2%, 95% CI 56.8% to 69.2%) of the ICU patients, respectively (p

Many former COVID-19 patients experience post-COVID symptoms at 24 months follow-up, with the highest prevalence in hospitalised participants. Also, former patients reported a lower HRQOL.

The CORFU study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (registration number NCT05240742).

Despite being a leading cause of female morbidity and mortality, female-specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) is understudied, underdiagnosed and undertreated. Pregnancy complications involving the placenta, including pre-eclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension and foetal growth restriction, are thought to reflect global maternal vascular derangements that indicate a twofold to eightfold increased risk of future CVD. This calls for a better understanding of female cardiovascular pathophysiology to allow development of targeted screening and prevention strategies.

Acute atherosis is a placental vascular lesion, which histologically resembles systemic atherosclerosis. The PlacEntal Acute atherosis RefLecting Subclinical atherosclerosis study investigates the association between placental acute atherosis lesions and subclinical systemic atherosclerosis up to 20 years postpartum.

This study will improve our understanding of the relationship between pregnancy complications and CVD to identify potential prevention targets and treatments. In addition, it could determine whether the placenta can improve identification of young women at high risk of CVD. These women could benefit from risk-reducing interventions.

This longitudinal prospective cohort study will include women who are either currently pregnant or from a historical cohort. Both groups will have placental histopathology and a single postpartum CVD assessment. The CVD assessment will include medical history taking, blood tests, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Additionally, coronary CT angiography focusing on the presence of atherosclerotic plaques and calcium score will be carried out.

The currently pregnant women will either have a pre-eclamptic pregnancy (pre-eclamptic group) or an uncomplicated normotensive pregnancy (uncomplicated group), and their placenta will be collected prospectively. The single CVD assessment will be carried out 6–36 months postpartum.

Women from the historical cohort had a pre-eclamptic pregnancy 10–20 years ago. Placental tissue is available for reanalysis. The single CVD assessment will take place immediately and corresponds with 10–20 years postpartum.

Exclusion criteria are contraindications to diagnostic assessment necessities: iodinated contrast, beta-blockers or glyceryl trinitrate. Women with uncomplicated pregnancies will be excluded if they have a pre-existing auto-immune condition, chronic hypertension or diabetes mellitus. In the pre-eclamptic group, there are no additional exclusion criteria.

Ethical approval was granted by the Medical Ethics Committee in Maastricht University Medical Centre+ (NL52556.068.15/METC152019). Participants will give written informed consent. Results will be shared in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

NCT05500989; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier.