There is limited research exploring the age-related difference in communication when describing pain experiences. This project aimed to identify key differences between adolescents’, young adults’ and adults’ (i) preferred communication method, (ii) language content and (iii) lexical amount and variety when discussing their persistent pain experience using chatbot technology.

An exploratory concurrent nested mixed-methods design using a comparative analysis.

Participants were recruited through a convenience sampling strategy from two tertiary multidisciplinary pain centres in Australia.

20 adolescents, 20 young adults and 20 adults completed a pain history assessment using the Dolores application. The inclusion criteria for this study were (i) persistent non-cancer pain for at least 3 months, (ii) 10 years of age and over and (iii) adequate expressive and receptive language skills to complete the required tasks in English, as determined by clinicians in the treating team.

Drawn, voice and typed responses provided by participants during the chatbot interaction were analysed using content analysis. Fisher’s exact tests and ² tests were used to examine differences between age groups. Strong effect size estimates generated from comparative analyses suggested that adolescents were the most likely age group to utilise drawing (p=0.153, Cramer’s V=0.268), preferred typing over speaking (p==0.007, Cramer’s V=0.433). Young adults used the greatest number and variety of words in response to chatbot questions including evaluative language (p=0.097, Cramer’s V=0.296). Adults tended to use more metaphors (p=0.085, Cramer’s V=0.305) and had a strong preference for speaking over typing (p=

The results of this study provide insights into age-related differences in communication and preferences when using technology to communicate about persistent pain. Future research exploring individualised age-related approaches to pain assessment, supported by the findings of this study, in comparison to current standardised assessments administered by clinicians are warranted.

To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSoPSC) version 2.0 in Ethiopian public hospitals.

A cross-sectional study.

Five public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.

Healthcare professionals (N=582).

An adapted and contextualised version of HSoPSC 2.0 was used to conduct structural validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA). Convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated through item loadings and interfactor correlations, respectively. Reliability was measured using McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha.

CFA indicated a poor model fit for the original 10-factor, 32-item HSoPSC 2.0 across all statistical indices: relative chi-square (²/df=7.71), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA=0.108), standardised root mean square residual (SRMR=0.088), comparative fit index (CFI=0.814) and Tucker-Lewis’s index (TLI=0.780). Consequently, a comprehensive EFA was conducted, which identified a revised model comprising 5-factor, 21-item. This model accounted for 62.8% of the total variance and demonstrated strong construct validity, with excellent fit indices (²/df=3.67, RMSEA=0.068, SRMR=0.034, CFI=0.969, TLI=0.945). Internal consistency, assessed via McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha, exceeded the acceptable threshold of 0.70 across all dimensions, except for Response to Error (0.66). The convergent and discriminant validity of the new model was confirmed, ensuring an accurate representation of the underlying constructs.

The original HSoPSC 2.0 with 10-factor, 32-item failed to demonstrate structural validity in the Ethiopian healthcare context. In contrast, a revised 5-factor, 21-item model showed strong validity and acceptable reliability. This adapted version provides a culturally and contextually relevant tool for assessing patient safety culture in Ethiopian healthcare settings.

Diabetes distress, arising from the relentless demands of diabetes management, is notably higher in culturally diverse groups. Psychosocial interventions may reduce diabetes distress through cultural tailoring that addresses beliefs and language barriers. This scoping review aimed to map the availability, key features and impact of psychosocial interventions addressing diabetes distress in culturally diverse groups.

This scoping review followed the Arksey and O’Malley framework.

Five databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched for peer-reviewed publications (2013–2024).

The included studies involved participants from culturally diverse groups who were diagnosed with diabetes and engaged in psychosocial interventions. Our search did not restrict diabetes type, but all included studies enrolled adults with type 2 diabetes. Studies in English, with no restrictions on study design and geographical location were included. The review excluded studies focusing on caregivers of patients with diabetes, healthcare providers, Native and Indigenous groups, and lifestyle interventions focused on physiological outcomes.

Study characteristics, participant demographics, intervention features and outcomes (including participant satisfaction and attrition) were extracted and synthesised thematically by intervention type. Findings are presented narratively.

The review included 13 studies. All psychosocial interventions included diabetes education alongside psychosocial strategies, with most being short-term (four months or less) and delivered in person. Small to moderate reductions in diabetes distress were observed in all but three studies. Empowerment-based interventions produced short-term reductions; longer interventions showed more gradual change. These interventions also improved knowledge of diabetes management, self-efficacy, self-management behaviours and social support. In contrast, peer-led interventions showed limited effectiveness in improving psychosocial outcomes. Mixed evidence was found for the value of family-based interventions.

This review recommends the integration of psychosocial interventions into healthcare plans and highlights several gaps in the evidence base, including limited cultural adaptations beyond linguistic modifications, and a limited focus on South Asian and Middle Eastern populations. Future research should consider multi-site RCTs, longitudinal designs and refinement of intervention designs to improve accessibility, cultural relevance, and sustainability over time.