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Photobiomodulation (PBM) has shown promising effects in managing postoperative pain following conventional periapical surgery, although current evidence remains limited. This study aims to assess the effect of PBM on postoperative pain 24 hours after periapical surgery.
A randomised, controlled, double-blind trial will include 34 patients undergoing periapical surgery in the maxillary region, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=17) or control group (n=17). The experimental group will receive PBM (GaAlAs diode laser, 808 nm, 100 mW, 4 J/cm², applied at five vestibular points) and placebo ibuprofen immediately and 24 hours postoperatively. The control group will receive simulated PBM and active ibuprofen. The primary outcome is postoperative pain assessed by the visual analogue scale at 24 hours. Secondary outcomes include pain at the seventh day, paracetamol intake, oedema, ecchymosis, soft tissue status and temperature at 24 hours and 7 days. Radiographic evaluation of healing will be performed at 1 and 3 months. Statistical analysis will be conducted based on data distribution, using repeated measures ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) or non-parametric equivalents for longitudinal outcomes, and appropriate tests for categorical variables. Significance will be set at p
The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universidad Católica del Uruguay (process no. 220914). Results will be disseminated to participants, healthcare professionals, the public and scientific communities.
To determine what drives participation in clinical trials with decentralised elements and to estimate trial participation probabilities for trials with different degrees of decentralisation.
Patient preference study using a discrete choice experiment.
Recruitment in primary, secondary, tertiary care and other settings in the Netherlands (NL), Austria (AT) and Germany (DE).
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) aged ≥18 years. A total of 787 people (NL n=276, AT n=265, DE n=246) participated in the study.
Preferences for participation in clinical trials with different options for location and type of contact with the study team, activities to perform by participant, use of digital technologies by participant, number of scheduled contacts, trial duration, known safety and efficacy of the drug.
How much was known about the safety and efficacy of the drug was the most important element in the decision whether to participate in a clinical trial in all countries. The trial duration, location and type of contact with the study team, and number of scheduled contacts were other important elements. Participation probabilities for hypothetical trial scenarios differed between countries, with the highest rates for a decentralised trial involving video contact (NL: 89%; AT: 99%; DE: 84%).
People with T2DM prefer to take part in clinical trials with decentralised approaches. Information on preferences can help trialists and protocol developers to design and plan future trials that integrate patients’ needs and thus reduce barriers to participation.
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the second most common early-onset dementia. Several studies demonstrated that neuroinflammation and iron accumulation occur in FTLD. However, the timing and relevance of these processes and whether these two are merely cause or consequence remains unclear. Elucidating the role is crucial to assess the rationale for using anti-inflammatory therapies in FTLD. Additionally, the process of glymphatic brain clearance has gained attention as a potential contributor in the disease pathophysiology.
In this multimodal biomarker study, we use a combination of ultra-high field (7T) MR, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers to investigate the role of neuroinflammation, iron accumulation and brain clearance in FTLD, and to identify biomarkers to differentiate FTLD-TDP from FTLD-tau. We aim to include 25 patients with probable FTLD-tau, 25 with probable FTLD-TDP and 50 healthy individuals with 50% risk to develop FTLD. We will use several MRI techniques, including magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion weighted spectroscopy and quantitative susceptibility mapping. In addition, we will assess the prevalence of perivascular spaces (PVS) and the mobility of CSF to address glymphatic brain clearance. We will compare quantitative MR markers between patients with FTLD-tau and FTLD-TDP, presymptomatic mutation carriers and healthy controls, and correlate these measures with clinical data and biomarkers in blood and CSF.
We obtained ethical approval from the Medical Ethics Committee Leiden Den Haag Delft (NL78272.058.21). The results will be disseminated through presentations at national and international conferences, open-access peer-reviewed publications, ClinicalTrials.gov and to the public through social media posts and annual newsletters.
This study explored the barriers to and facilitators of weight reduction among urban, young adults with obesity in Sri Lanka.
A qualitative descriptive study, using the framework method in thematic analysis to identify key themes for barriers and facilitators.
An urban community setting in Sri Lanka in January–March 2022.
62 young adults (18–35 years) with obesity (body mass index ≥25 kgm-2) representing different socio-demographic characteristics were recruited into the focus group discussions (n=10).
The majority of participants were women (n=40; 64.5%). More than 70% (n=45) of the participants were classified as having class I obesity. Inconsistent knowledge, emotions and mood, poor self-control, inadequate support from others, lack of time, lack of resources and facilities and unsafe environment for physical activities were the identified barriers. The desire to improve appearance and body image, health-related concerns, limitations to day-to-day activities, previous positive experiences, support from others and weight-related victimisation were identified as facilitators.
A multitude of factors were found to interfere with weight-reduction attempts. Due consideration of these barriers and facilitators is important when planning weight management programmes targeting young adults with obesity.
FreshRSS 