Treatment options remain limited for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who experience oligoprogression during first-line systemic therapy (FLST), especially given the modest efficacy and restricted availability of second-line systemic therapy (SLST). This trial aims to evaluate whether continuing FLST combined with radiotherapy (RT) to oligoprogressive lesions can improve progression-free survival (PFS) compared with an early switch to SLST in patients with oligoprogressive HCC while maintaining an acceptable safety profile.

The continuation of first-line therapy with radiotherapy for oligoprogression versus early switch to second-line therapy in oligoprogressive hepatocellular carcinoma trial is a prospective, multicentre, randomised phase III study that will enrol 132 patients with advanced HCC who experience their first oligoprogression during FLST. Oligoprogression is defined as one to five progressive lesions involving no more than one to three organs. Participants will be randomised (1:1) to either continuation of FLST combined with RT to all oligoprogressive lesions or discontinuation of FLST followed by initiation of SLST. RT will be delivered with a biologically effective dose (linear–quadratic model, α/β=10) of at least 60 Gy whenever feasible. The primary endpoint is PFS. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, objective response rate, disease control rate, duration of response and quality of life. Predefined exploratory analyses include circulating tumour DNA profiling, optional paired tumour biopsies, functional imaging with fibroblast activation protein inhibitor positron emission tomography-CT and longitudinal immune profiling.

This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (number: SDZLEC2025-025-02) and has been registered in ClinicalTrials. gov (NCT06841172). Final study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals.

NCT06841172.

The survival rate of patients with life-threatening diseases primarily depends on the speed of diagnosis. Too often, diseases are detected only after symptoms appear, which usually occurs at later stages of a disease when available treatments may be less effective. Current detection techniques primarily depend on identifying metabolites in biofluids such as blood and urine. The analysis of these fluids is typically performed in laboratories, resulting in lengthy waiting times for patients to receive their results. In severe cases, invasive biopsies and radiative methods are used to diagnose conditions such as cancer. These biopsies can cause distress for patients who are already experiencing significant emotional or physical stress, while imaging techniques involving ionising radiation may pose additional health risks. Additionally, these methods can be costly. In recent years, exhaled breath has become a biofluid matrix of interest for disease detection, allowing for the identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or VOC profiles associated with specific conditions. To improve early disease detection through breath analysis, the VOCORDER project aims to develop a device that provides a fast, simple, user-friendly and cost-effective method for continuous health monitoring to identify diseases in their early stages before symptoms appear.

A literature review was initially conducted to identify five reference diseases of interest (lung cancer, stomach/colon cancer, breast cancer and kidney insufficiency) and previously reported VOC profiles associated with these diseases. In this trial, the project team from the MITERA Hospital will select patients, and the hospital staff will conduct personal interviews with these subjects. Each participant will also complete a questionnaire for the acquisition of demographic and medical history data, after being informed in detail about the purposes of the questionnaire and signing a consent form. The study protocol consists of two phases. Phase 1 is a baseline study designed to detect and identify breath biomarkers for the early diagnosis of the diseases mentioned above using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and secondary electrospray ionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HR-MS). Prescreening will select 120 healthy controls and 175 patients for the baseline phase of the clinical trial, for which breath samples will be collected in 1 L Supel-Inert Multi-Layer Foil gas sampling bags. New biomarkers and VOC profiles will be extracted from these data, and further statistical analysis will allow for artificial intelligence (AI) models to be produced and tested. For phase 2 (validation phase), 120 healthy controls and 100 patients will be selected. Breath samples will again be collected in 1 L gas sampling bags for analyses with GC-MS and SESI-HR-MS. The VOCORDER device will also be used, and its functioning with the newly developed AI models will be evaluated.

This clinical study has been approved by the scientific council at the MITERA hospital in Athens, Greece (#513/2024). The outcomes will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publications and presentations at scientific conferences.

NCT06711939.

To examine the association between navigational health literacy (HL), defined as the skills required to effectively navigate healthcare systems, access services and make informed decisions and healthcare utilisation among French adults with and without chronic health conditions.

Cross-sectional online survey.

National survey conducted in metropolitan France as part of the Health Literacy Survey (HLS₁₉) in 2020 and 2021.

A total of 2 003 individuals were included: 1103 without chronic condition and 900 with at least one chronic condition.

Number of general practitioner (GP) and specialist visits in the previous 12 months

The chronic condition group reported more frequent GP (4.3 vs 2.1/year) and specialist (2.8 vs 1.1/year) visits than the no chronic condition group. A high navigational HL was significantly associated with fewer GP (p=0.016) and specialist visits (p

High navigational HL was associated with less healthcare utilisation in individuals with no chronic condition. Among the chronic condition group, this aspect seemed less influential, likely due to greater healthcare system familiarity and structured care. Our findings highlight the importance of strengthening HL navigation skills early to improve healthcare use.

Heatwaves are among the fastest-growing climate-related threats to human health, increasing in frequency, intensity and duration with climate change. Older adults are disproportionately affected, reflecting intersecting physiological, social and economic vulnerabilities. Beyond mortality, heatwaves drive substantial but often under-recognised morbidity, including emergency visits and hospitalisations for cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and metabolic conditions. Health administrative data provide valuable opportunities to improve understanding of these phenomena and for the quantification of their impacts. However, comparability is limited by heterogeneity in case definitions, that is, the criteria used to determine which health events are counted as cases: some studies only clinically diagnosed heat illness, while others also capture outcomes plausibly triggered or exacerbated by heat. It is further constrained by differences in International Classification of Diseases (ICD) versions, national adaptations, coding practices and adoption timelines across countries. No synthesis has yet mapped these heterogeneous approaches for older adults, despite their over-representation among those most affected by heat-health risks. This heterogeneity limits the ability to capture the true burden of disease and to inform adaptation planning.

We will conduct a scoping review to map how heat-related diagnoses among older adults are identified and measured in health administrative data. The review will follow the initial methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley refined by Levac et al and adhere to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. The search strategy will be developed with a public health librarian and applied to MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase and Web of Science. We will include peer-reviewed and grey literature published in English or French from 2010 onward. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full texts in Covidence, with disagreements resolved by consensus or a third reviewer. Data will be extracted using a standardised form to capture study characteristics, ICD codes, definitions of heat exposure and approaches to measurement. A descriptive and thematic analysis will be conducted, and findings will be presented narratively and in tables.

Ethical approval is not required for this review as it involves secondary analysis of published and publicly available data; for more information, contact University of Montreal’s Research Integrity department at plaintes-crr@umontreal.ca. Results will be published through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and knowledge transfer activities with public health stakeholders in Québec. This review contributes to the MEDICCS (Modélisation économique des impacts des changements climatiques sur la santé) project and will support recommendations for improving the capture of heat-related morbidity in health administrative data.

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a critical predictor of the long-term success of heart transplantation and once it is established, progression to graft dysfunction and loss is inevitable, despite adherence to immunosuppression and medications that ameliorate cardiac risk factors. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key for maintaining immune balance in the periphery. Studies investigating adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded Tregs isolated from blood have been shown to be feasible and safe with good evidence for Tregs reducing CAV lesions in animal models of transplantation. Here, we describe the protocol for the ATT-Heart Study which is a phase I clinical trial investigating autologous thymus-derived Treg cell therapy in nine paediatric heart transplant recipients.

Patients will be recruited from the heart transplant waiting list at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Individualised autologous thymus-derived and expanded Tregs (TR006) will be injected into patients 3–6 months after transplant and follow-up will be conducted as per the post-transplant standard of care protocol with no wean of standard of care immunosuppression. Primary endpoint includes occurrence of Dose-limiting Toxicities in patients receiving TR006. Further data from blood tests, endomyocardial biopsy tissue, coronary imaging and clinical follow-up will be collected.

This article is based on the ATT-Heart study Protocol (V.1.1; dated 19 December 2024). The ATT-Heart trial has received a favourable ethical opinion from the Health Research Authority and South-Central Oxford A Research Ethics Committee (IRAS Number: 1008875/REC reference: 24/SC/0333). Clinical trials authorisation approval from UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency has also been received. The clinical trial will be conducted in accordance with the principles of Good Clinical Practice and following the guidelines set as part of the Research Governance Framework for Health and Social Care and all applicable necessary local policies. It is intended that the findings of the clinical trial will be presented at national/international conferences and using social media and through patient groups for dissemination among their members. The results will also be published in international peer-reviewed journals.

ISRCTN15374803.

Masculinising chest surgery, also known as top surgery, is the most requested gender-affirming procedure among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adolescents, yet research on patient experiences remains limited. This study explored the experiences of TGD adolescents who were seeking or had undergone masculinising chest surgery.

Qualitative secondary analysis using existing themes framework and data from the GENDER-Q (GQ) and GENDER-Q Youth (GQY) research programmes, which aim to develop comprehensive patient-reported outcome measures for gender-affirming care.

Participants were sampled from five high-volume gender-affirming care clinics, three in Canada and two in the United States. Interviews were conducted online.

35 GQ and GQY participants aged 13–18 years who were assigned female at birth, identified as trans men or non-binary, and were pursuing (n=19) or had undergone (n=16) masculinising chest surgery.

Three major themes emerged: chest appearance, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and gender practices. Most participants expected a flatter chest that aesthetically aligned with their gender identity. Presurgery participants anticipated that surgery would allow them to engage in previously avoided physical activities and would enhance their relationships. Postoperative participants reported increased physical activity, mental resilience, bodily connection and social comfort. Most reported binder use and related reliance or discomfort as motivators for pursuing surgery.

This study highlights the multidimensional experiences surrounding masculinising chest surgery on TGD adolescents with impacts on chest appearance, HRQL and gender practices. Centering adolescents’ perspectives, these findings underscore the importance of accessible, affirming surgical care and provide valuable insights for clinicians, policymakers and future research.

Frostbite is a common reason for emergency department (ED) presentations in Canada. Iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, has been investigated to reduce the risk of amputation with its use expanding. Two Canadian cities implemented iloprost over different times leading to a practice variation that allowed for treatment comparison. Our objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of iloprost compared with non-iloprost treatment. Secondary objectives include assessing the impact of iloprost dosage and homelessness.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on adult severe frostbite cases presenting to EDs in Calgary and Edmonton between November 2021 and April 2024. Data were abstracted from clinical databases and analysed for demographic and injury characteristics, treatment and amputation outcomes.

Of 1812 total ED encounters for frostbite, 257 patients with grades 2–4 extremity frostbite were included for analysis. Logistic regression found that overall patients receiving iloprost were associated with reduced likelihood of any amputation (OR=0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.96) and fewer digit amputations (p

Iloprost infusion was associated with a reduction in amputation rates in grade 3 and 4 frostbite with the greatest association seen in grade 3 cases. Greater iloprost dosage was associated with improved digit salvage. Homelessness was associated with delayed ED presentation.

Long covid affects a significant proportion of people following SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with persistent symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive dysfunction and breathlessness which can negatively impact a person’s ability to return to and remain in work. Although tiered vocational rehabilitation (VR) models have been proposed, these are often generic, lack empirical validation and may not address the complex, fluctuating needs of this population.

To co-design a VR intervention (the COVID-19-VR intervention) to support return to work (RTW) for people with long covid (pwLC).

Primary and secondary care.

Mixed-methods target population-centred, person-based approach in three stages: Stage 1: interviews (n=21) with pwLC to identify issues and challenges faced in working with long covid. Stage 2: three co-design workshops with pwLC and service providers to (a) generate guiding principles, (b) identify key intervention features to address work needs, (c) create a logic model to illustrate how the intervention could work and (d) develop a treatment plan and resources. Stage 3: feasibility and acceptability testing in six cases (three critical care admissions, three primary care referrals).

PwLC described work-related problems relating to: fluctuating symptoms (cognition, fatigue and breathlessness), employer, coworker and family’s understanding of long covid and workplace adjustments. We developed a 6-session, 12-week individually tailored, remotely delivered intervention that included vocational goal setting, RTW planning, fatigue/symptom management, financial advice, and where permitted, education for family/employers, employer engagement and negotiation of a phased RTW. Following feasibility testing, changes included accommodating the long-term nature of long covid, addressing unmet psychological needs, and adding content on adjustment, processing traumatic experience and performance/symptom anxiety, with extended delivery including monitoring, review and case coordination.

PwLC may need specialist help to RTW. Our COVID-19-VR appears feasible and acceptable and warrants further evaluation using a staged approach, prior to any definitive effectiveness trial.

Large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and macrosomic births pose significant maternal and neonatal health risks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where access to care are often limited. Despite well-established associations between LGA, macrosomia, and various risk factors, the relative contributions of these factors remain underexplored in LMICs. This study aims to identify risks factors for LGA and macrosomia in LMICs, with an emphasis on modifiable ones, and quantify their population attributable fractions (PAFs).

A systematic review will be conducted across the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus and ProQuest Central and regional databases (Africa Index Medicus, Index Medicus for South Asia and Latin America and Caribbean literature of health sciences). Eligible studies will include observational studies, reviews and interventional research conducted between 2000 and 2025 that report on prevalence or association of risk factors for large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and/or macrosomia births in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data extraction will encompass study characteristics, prevalence/incidence estimates, risk factor distributions and measures of association. Quality assessment will be performed by two independent reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies. While Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool will be used for randomised controlled trials and a Measurement Tool to Assess Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Meta-analyses using a random-effects model, which accounts for population heterogeneity, will synthesise risk estimates for factors examined in three or more studies from LMICs, up-to-date meta-analysis including all relevant studies identified through our search. Population attributable fractions for individual and combined risk factors will be calculated.

This systematic review will use only previously published information. Ethical approval is therefore not required. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and the findings will be presented at international conferences to engage relevant stakeholders including policymakers and public health organisations in LMICs with the aim of informing the development of targeted interventions to reduce the burden of LGA and macrosomia births in the region.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) delivered on an MRI-guided linear accelerator (MR-linac) enables highly conformal prostate cancer irradiation. The DESTINATION 2 trial is a federated, randomised phase II/R-IDEAL 2b study evaluating whether de-escalating the dose to prostate tissue, while maintaining a high dose to MRI-visible tumour(s) in two fractions, reduces genitourinary (GU) treatment-related adverse events (AE) without compromising disease control in men with localised prostate cancer.

200 men worldwide with localised, MRI-visible prostate cancer will be randomised 1:1 to receive either (1) prescribed uniform dose MR-linac SBRT (27 Gy in two fractions to the whole prostate and seminal vesicles with 0 mm CTV-PTV margin) or (2) de-escalated SBRT (20 Gy in two fractions to whole prostate with 0 mm CTV-PTV margin and 27 Gy in two fractions to MRI-visible tumour(s) with a 4 mm intraprostatic margin applied to the GTV. All treatments are delivered using MRI-guided adaptive Radiotherapy (MRIgRT). The primary endpoint is the absolute and relative risk reduction in acute grade 2+GU AE (CTCAE v5) within 12 weeks of completing radiotherapy. Secondary endpoints include late GU AE, acute and late gastrointestinal (GI) AE, sexual AE, patient-reported outcomes, dosimetry, technical feasibility and 2-year biochemical relapse-free survival.

This is a federated trial design in which each centre operates independently with its own sponsor, ethics committee approval and regulatory oversight. Each centre is responsible for obtaining and maintaining local ethics approval in accordance with their national and institutional requirements. The UK centre (The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust) has received ethical approval from the East of England–Cambridge South Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 24/EE/0163; IRAS: 338368). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

NCT06638541.

Tobacco use is a major contributor to the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other non-communicable diseases in China. People at high risk for COPD who smoke, particularly those with pre-existing chronic conditions, often remain underserved by conventional smoking cessation programmes. Population medicine offers a promising framework for proactively identifying high-burden diseases, managing multimorbidity and prioritising interventions for vulnerable populations.

This protocol describes a stratified, two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial (Population Medicine Multimorbidity Intervention in Xishui County-Smoking) being conducted in Xishui County, a rural area of Guizhou Province, China. A total of 26 townships were stratified by population size and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a multicomponent intervention or usual care. Eligible participants were individuals aged 35 years or older who smoked and were at high risk for COPD as identified by the COPD Screening Questionnaire. The intervention package integrates multiple components, including a digital smoking cessation programme, digital mental health support, community-based spirometry, tailored chronic disease management, health education and a performance-linked ‘pay-for-population’ scheme that aligns healthcare worker reimbursement with population health outcomes. Primary outcomes are smoking amount and nicotine dependence and secondary outcomes include COPD-related health outcomes, hypertension, diabetes, health risk behaviours, quality of life, healthcare utilisation and productivity loss. Follow-up occurs at 3, 6 and 12 months.

Ethical approval has been granted by the Peking Union Medical College Ethics Committee (CAMS&PUMC-IEC-2024-042). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrolment. Results will be shared through peer-reviewed publication and (inter)national conference presentations.

NCT06458205.

This study aims to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Chinese version of the King’s Stool Chart among patients receiving enteral nutrition for use in nursing practice.

This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study.

This study was conducted in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital in Henan Province, China.

A total of 144 patients receiving enteral nutrition were included.

This study was conducted in two phases. Phase I involved the translation and cultural adaptation of the King’s Stool Chart using established methodologies, including forward translation, synthesis, back-translation and expert review. Phase II comprised psychometric evaluation with 144 patients receiving enteral nutrition. The Chinese version of the King’s Stool Chart was used to assess stool frequency, consistency, weight and the daily total score. Validity was tested through content, construct and concurrent validity, while inter-rater reliability was assessed using the kappa coefficient.

The Chinese version of the King’s Stool Chart demonstrated excellent content validity, with item-level indices ranging from 0.95 to 1.00. Construct validity was supported by the ability of the Chinese version of the King’s Stool Chart to differentiate between clinical subgroups with varying stool characteristics. Sensitivity rates for stool weight categorisation were above 89%, and substantial inter-rater reliability (kappa=0.735) was observed. The daily total score was effective in identifying patients at risk for diarrhoea, with significant differences observed among clinical subgroups. Diarrhoea classification, using a threshold of ≥15 points, showed strong construct validity.

Within the scope of this single-centre sample, the Chinese version of the King’s Stool Chart demonstrates acceptable validity and substantial to excellent inter-rater reliability for assessing stool frequency, consistency, weight and diarrhoea classification in enterally fed ICU patients in China. These psychometric properties provide preliminary support for its use in routine nursing practice for gastrointestinal function monitoring in ICU settings. Further multicentre and large-sample studies are required to verify its external validity and generalisability to broader Chinese-speaking populations and non-ICU clinical settings.

To explore barriers and facilitators to midwifery practice of intermittent auscultation according to national guidance in the UK.

Multisite ethnographic study using observations of practice, semistructured interviews and informal conversations. Framework analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

11 maternity units across seven NHS maternity services in England and Wales in 2024.

Midwives and other maternity care professionals involved in fetal monitoring during labour.

‘Intermittent auscultation’ (IA), or listening to the fetal heart rate at regular intervals, to monitor fetal well-being during active labour.

Not applicable.

IA monitoring was frequently observed to be marginalised due to national and local pressures. IA is a complex skill that requires expertise and practice to develop and maintain. However, lack of a robust evidence base for IA methods is a further barrier to implementation. The study uncovered examples of facilitators that include: leadership engagement, access to knowledge and information supported in mentorship programmes and peer support models. These features created micro-environments where IA was valued, supported and integrated into care.

Our study highlights the significant impact of multilevel factors on the implementation of IA within UK maternity care. However, when organisational readiness, strong leadership engagement and supportive conditions are present, IA can be delivered in accordance with guidance. These findings underscore the need to align policy, infrastructure and organisational culture to sustain evidence-based, woman-centred practices such as IA.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. Although biological therapies are effective, they are associated with high costs and potential side effects, necessitating strategies for dose reduction. Pharmacological conditioning, using placebo mechanisms through associative learning, presents a promising approach to maintain therapeutic efficacy with lower doses of medication.

The single-centre, randomised controlled trial aims to investigate pharmacological conditioning with secukinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis (N=168). Participants will be randomly allocated to a treatment-as-usual group or one of two experimental groups receiving partial or continuous reinforcement schedules with reduced secukinumab doses combined with a distinctive gustatory stimulus. Primary outcomes include changes in itch intensity, skin-related quality of life and objective disease severity. Secondary outcomes encompass psychological variables, side effects and biological markers. Results may contribute to optimised long-term psoriasis management, reducing medication burden while maintaining treatment efficacy.

The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the University Hospital Essen (19–8636 BO) on 20 November 2023. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Participant confidentiality will be ensured through pseudonymised data handling and secure storage. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.

DRKS00034977.

Treatment with bevacizumab achieves both tumour stabilisation or regression and preservation or improvement of hearing. However, the efficacy of bevacizumab varies between patients and within patients. Side effects due to bevacizumab treatment are also common. It would be of value to predict therapeutic response prior to initiating therapy to prevent unnecessary exposure in patients unlikely to benefit.

We aim to recruit 25 patients with NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2) with bilateral vestibular schwannomas. Patients will receive an intravenous injection of 37 MBq [⁸⁹Zr]bevacizumab followed by positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging 4 days later. After clinical evaluation at baseline, patients undergo bevacizumab treatment and are followed up at 3 and 6 months. The primary objective is to examine associations between pretreatment [⁸⁹Zr]bevacizumab uptake on PET/CT and changes in multiple hearing outcomes and radiological characteristics of the target tumour following treatment. Secondary outcome measures include vestibular functioning, patient reported outcome measures, cranial nerve functionality, peripheral neurology, non-target schwannoma response and renal function. Given the explorative nature of the study, associations between PET-derived metrics and clinical and radiological outcomes will be examined without formal hypothesis testing, using generalised estimating equations to account for within-patient correlation. Pairwise associations will be summarised in an association matrix with multiplicity addressed using an all-resolutions inference approach, and findings will be considered hypothesis generating.

This study was submitted via the Clinical Trials Information System reviewed and approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee Leiden–The Hague–Delft Delft. The study findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals and by presentation at national and international conferences.

The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System under the registration ID: NCT05685836.

Enhancing maternal and infant health is a cornerstone of global health advancement. This can be achieved by building sustainable health monitoring systems that can accurately and reliably generate high-quality data and produce evidence-based recommendations for policymakers. By identifying gaps and strengths in current systems, this review aims to highlight current practices in monitoring maternal and infant health outcomes, including low birth weight.

The review will adopt the Arksey and O’Malley framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Scoping Review Methods Manual. Three databases, including PubMed, Embase and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), as well as relevant grey literature sources, will be searched for articles describing active global population-based maternal and infant health monitoring systems published in English from the year of database inception till 30 September 2025. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by independent full-text screenings against predefined eligibility criteria, with data extracted using a data extraction form. After data extraction, a narrative synthesis will be performed. The findings will adhere to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.

This review is based on publicly available data; no ethical approval is required. The findings of this scoping review will be published in journals and presented at relevant conferences.