Central venous access devices (CVADs) are required by children to allow the safe delivery of intravenous therapies that must be delivered in the large central veins of the body. CVADs are associated with many complications such as infections, thrombosis and occlusions.1 A strategy used to prevent such complications is to instil a solution into the catheter to provide a ‘lock’. There are many ‘lock solutions’ available and used within paediatric medicine. Current...

Shoulder osteoarthritis most commonly affects older adults, causing pain, reduced function and quality of life. Total shoulder replacements (TSRs) are indicated once other non-surgical options no longer provide adequate pain relief. Two main types of TSRs are widely used: anatomic TSR (aTSR) and reverse TSR (rTSR). It is not clear whether one TSR type provides better short- or long-term outcomes for patients, and which, if either, is more cost-effective for the National Health Service (NHS).

RAPSODI-UK is a multi-centre, pragmatic, two-parallel arm, superiority randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of aTSR versus rTSR for adults aged 60+ with a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis, an intact rotator cuff and bone stock suitable for TSR. Participants in both arms of the trial will receive usual post-operative rehabilitation. We aim to recruit 430 participants from approximately 28 NHS sites across the UK. The primary outcome is the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) at 2 years post-randomisation. Outcomes will be collected at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after randomisation. Secondary outcomes include the pain and function subscales of the SPADI, the Oxford Shoulder Score, health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), complications, range of movement and strength, revisions and mortality. The between-group difference in the primary outcome will be derived from a constrained longitudinal data analysis model. We will also undertake a full health economic evaluation and conduct qualitative interviews to explore perceptions of acceptability of the two types of TSR and experiences of recovery with a sample of participants.

Ethics committee approval for this trial was obtained (London - Queen Square Research Ethics Committee, Rec Reference 22/LO/0617) on 4 October 2022. The results of the main trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and using other professional and media outlets.

ISRCTN12216466.

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are currently being developed to aid prescribing in primary care. There is a lack of research on how these systems will be perceived and used by healthcare professionals and subsequently on how to optimise the implementation process of AI-based CDSSs (AICDSSs).

To explore healthcare professionals’ perspectives on the use of an AICDSS for prescribing in co-existing multiple long-term conditions (MLTC), and the relevance to shared decision making (SDM).

Qualitative study using template analysis of semistructured interviews, based on a case vignette and a mock-up of an AICDSS.

Healthcare professionals prescribing for patients working in the English National Health Service (NHS) primary care in the West Midlands region.

A purposive sample of general practitioners/resident doctors (10), nurse prescribers (3) and prescribing pharmacists (2) working in the English NHS primary care.

The proposed tool generated interest among the participants. Findings included the perception of the tool as user friendly and as a valuable complement to existing clinical guidelines, particularly in a patient population with multiple long-term conditions and polypharmacy, where existing guidelines may be inadequate. Concerns were raised about integration into existing clinical documentation systems, medicolegal aspects, how to interpret findings that were inconsistent with clinical guidelines, and the impact on patient-prescriber relationships. Views differed on whether the tool would aid SDM.

AICDSSs such as the OPTIMAL tool hold potential for optimising pharmaceutical treatment in patients with MLTC. However, specific issues related to the tool need to be addressed and careful implementation into the existing clinical practice is necessary to realise the potential benefits.

Tobacco use is the most significant modifiable risk factor for adverse health outcomes, and early research indicates there are also significant harms associated with vaping. National targets aim to reduce smoking and vaping during pregnancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. While most Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people want to quit, cessation is frequently attempted without support, increasing the chance of relapse. Group-based smoking cessation programmes increase quit success by 50%–130% in the general population; however, they have never been evaluated in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander communities.

The Gulibaa study is an Indigenous-led and community-embedded project that will co-design, implement and evaluate a group-based model of care to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women to be smoke- and vape-free. Staff of Health Services in New South Wales, Australia, will receive training to deliver a face-to-face group-based smoking and vaping cessation intervention. Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people who identify as a woman or non-binary, are pregnant or of reproductive age (16 to 49 years), currently smoke or vape at least once per day and are willing to attend the programme are eligible to participate. Up to 500 participants will be recruited. A mixed method evaluation approach will be implemented guided by the RE-AIM framework. Outcomes will include intervention reach, intervention effectiveness (determined primarily by self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 6 months follow-up), acceptability and feasibility of the intervention, programme fidelity and maintenance and cost effectiveness.

Embedding culturally safe support to quit during pregnancy can result in improved outcomes for both mother and child and immediately improve intergenerational health and well-being. Ethics approval has been provided by the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council and the University of Newcastle. Study findings will be disseminated to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in ways that are meaningful to them, as well as through Aboriginal health services, key national bodies, relevant state and federal government departments.

ACTRN12625001050448.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has shown promising effects in managing postoperative pain following conventional periapical surgery, although current evidence remains limited. This study aims to assess the effect of PBM on postoperative pain 24 hours after periapical surgery.

A randomised, controlled, double-blind trial will include 34 patients undergoing periapical surgery in the maxillary region, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=17) or control group (n=17). The experimental group will receive PBM (GaAlAs diode laser, 808 nm, 100 mW, 4 J/cm², applied at five vestibular points) and placebo ibuprofen immediately and 24 hours postoperatively. The control group will receive simulated PBM and active ibuprofen. The primary outcome is postoperative pain assessed by the visual analogue scale at 24 hours. Secondary outcomes include pain at the seventh day, paracetamol intake, oedema, ecchymosis, soft tissue status and temperature at 24 hours and 7 days. Radiographic evaluation of healing will be performed at 1 and 3 months. Statistical analysis will be conducted based on data distribution, using repeated measures ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) or non-parametric equivalents for longitudinal outcomes, and appropriate tests for categorical variables. Significance will be set at p

The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universidad Católica del Uruguay (process no. 220914). Results will be disseminated to participants, healthcare professionals, the public and scientific communities.

NCT05935306.

Lynch syndrome (LS) carriers have a 20–46% lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to mismatch repair gene variants. Mesalamine (5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid), used safely in patients with ulcerative colitis, may reduce CRC risk in LS by decreasing microsatellite instability, a key driver of LS-related cancer. This study evaluates 5-ASA’s efficacy as a tolerable chemopreventive drug, aiming to improve long-term CRC prevention in LS.

This multicentre, multinational, randomised, double-blind, two-arm, phase II clinical study will compare the effects of a 2-year daily intake of 5-ASA (2000 mg) to placebo in LS carriers. The primary objective is to assess whether mesalamine reduces colorectal neoplasia, both benign and malignant, compared with placebo in LS carriers, as detected by colonoscopy at the end of the treatment period (24 months±1 month) and on study completion. Secondary objectives include evaluating whether 5-ASA reduces neoplasia/tumour multiplicity and progression compared with placebo at specified time points, examining variations in the effects of 5-ASA versus placebo based on cancer history, sex and age (

The trial is currently open for enrolment, having received ethical approval from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Stockholm and funding from the Swedish Research Council. The study protocol is the finalised V.10.0 (11 April 2024), transitioned to the European Clinical Trials Information System. LS remains underdiagnosed, which may limit recruitment. The results are of global interest and will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04920149. EudraCT: 2019-003011-55. EU CT: 2024-514765-19-01.

The Maharashtra Anaemia Study 3 (MAS 3) aims to (1) Investigate the nutritional, environmental, and economic impacts on haemoglobin concentration/anaemia, (2) Identify the underlying micronutrient causes of anaemia and (3) Investigate the association between anaemia and physical and cognitive development of Indian children during their first 18 years of life. This paper introduces the MAS 3 cohort, which consists of data collected from the participants in the prospective Pune Maternal Nutrition Study from the antenatal period to children at 18 years of age (1996–2014) in the Maharashtra state, India.

Recruitment of 2466 married non-pregnant women, and their husbands, took place between June 1994 and April 1996 in six villages, approximately 50 km from Pune city in India. Women were followed up monthly to identify those who became pregnant. A total of 797 pregnant women were followed up for data collection at or near gestational week 18 and 28, with further data collection for women and children occurring within 72 hours of delivery, for both live and stillbirths. Of the 797 women, 710 were included in the MAS 3 cohort, and long-term follow-up of children occurred at 6 years, 12 years and 18 years of age.

In the MAS 3 cohort, most mothers (73%) were aged between 18 and 25 years at the time of their final prepregnancy visit (baseline), and half (55%) belonged to families of middle-upper socioeconomic status (SES). At the children’s baseline (birth) visit, children had a mean birth weight of 2630 g (SD: 376), with one third (31%) of low birth weight. At the 6-year, 12-year and 18-year follow-up visits, data were available for 706 (99%), 689 (97%) and 694 (98%) children.

MAS 3 will be used to address a number of research objectives, including (1) Trends of haemoglobin and anaemia-related micronutrients from age 6 to 18 years, (2) Micronutrient causes of anaemia during childhood, (3) Prevalence and risk factors for maternal anaemia and childhood anaemia, (4) Impact of maternal anaemia on immediate birth outcomes and (5) Intergenerational risk factors associated with anaemia.

Implementation science research increases the uptake of evidence-based interventions, which may improve health equity among racial and ethnic minorities. However, it is unclear how anti-racism and anti-colonialism practices have been integrated into implementation science research. The objectives of this scoping review are to describe the current conceptualisations of racism and colonialism within the USA, examine racism or colonialism-conscious approaches and analyse gaps in the operationalisation of anti-racism or anti-colonialism within implementation science studies.

This scoping review will be conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines. The Center for Chronic Disease Reduction and Equity Promotion Across Minnesota conceptual framework and an implementation science anti-racism lens will guide the study design and analysis. To determine study eligibility for the scoping review, articles will undergo abstract and full-text screening by two independent reviewers and discrepancies will be settled together. Data charting will be extracted from included articles by eight independent reviewers. The search strategy will use controlled vocabulary and natural language keywords related to health equity, health disparities and anti-racism/colonialism on six databases. The scoping review will include studies that applied implementation science theories, models or frameworks among US-based populations. Additionally, included studies will report any of the following implementation activities: implementation strategies, implementation outcomes, adaptations to evidence-based interventions, or evaluations of pre-implementation or implementation context.

No ethical approval was required for the scoping review. Dissemination will be through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations.

To examine trends in preconception and pregnancy cardiometabolic risk factors and conditions, pregnancy and birth complications, obstetric interventions, and the impact of COVID-19, and to forecast future disease burden.

A multi-centre retrospective cohort study.

A large hospital network with three maternity hospitals serving ethnically diverse populations in Melbourne, Australia.

Pregnant women who gave birth between 2016 and 2022.

Trends in cardiometabolic conditions, birth complications and obstetric interventions.

Over 7 years, 63 232 women were included, of whom 40% were nulliparous, and 60.9% were born overseas from 167 countries. From 2016–2022, maternal age (30.2–31.3 years), obesity (21.0%–26.2%), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (15.9%–28.1%) and caesarean delivery (28.5%–37.6%) increased, while average gestational weight gain, premature births and special care admissions declined from 12.6–11.6 kg, 6.3%–4.9% and 24.2%–14.1%, respectively; and was statistically significant (p

Prepregnancy and pregnancy cardiometabolic risk factors and conditions, pregnancy and birth complications, and obstetric interventions increased markedly over 7 years. Despite this, offspring complications, including special care admissions, stillbirths and prematurity, decreased, while pregnancy complications peaked during COVID-19. GDM is forecasted to increase to 43.0% by 2028, posing an unsustainable health and economic burden that necessitates urgent public health initiatives.

This study aims to assess how implementing a checklist for managing extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants can reduce mortality rates and morbidities.

A quasi-experimental, before-and-after study.

Neonatal intensive care unit at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, a national referral hospital in Indonesia.

86 infants were born at

Implementation of a modified Canberra Health Services extremely preterm-early management checklist during the initial management of extremely preterm or low birth weight infants, including humidified gas resuscitation, thermal management, early surfactant administration and standardised first-hour care protocols.

The primary outcome was the mortality rate. Secondary outcomes included comorbidities such as hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, acidosis, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

A total of 86 extremely premature and/or extremely low birth weight infants were enrolled, 48 neonates prior to and 38 neonates after the use of the checklist. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups (median gestational age 27 weeks in both groups, median birth weight 795 g vs 868.5 g, p=0.09). Mortality at discharge showed a non-significant reduction from 52.1% to 47.4% (p=0.664, 0.91, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.30). Significant reductions were observed in IVH (79.2% to 28.9%, p

Implementation of a systematic checklist was associated with significant reductions in IVH and ROP, though mortality reduction was not statistically significant. These findings suggest potential benefits of structured early care protocols, but the observational design limits causal inference.

Chronic caregiving stress accelerates biological aging, reflecting disease risk and mortality; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Epigenetic clocks, which can be estimated from levels of DNA methylation in a subset of cytosine-phosphate-guanine loci in the genome, have been proposed as a promising biological age estimator. The objectives of this scoping review are to systematically scope the literature on the effects of stress on biological ageing measured by epigenetic clocks in family caregivers of patients diagnosed with cancer.

This review will be conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology based on Arksey and O’Malley’s and Levac et al’s framework and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews. Studies will be included if (1) the studies focus on unpaid family caregivers of patients diagnosed with cancer; (2) caregivers are adults (≥18 years of age) and (3) the study measured epigenetic clocks. The search will encompass literature and peer-reviewed literature in PubMed/MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane CENTRAL (Wiley & Sons), Web of Science: Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics), CINAHL (EBSCOhost) and PsycInfo (American Psychological Association).

Since the scoping review methodology focuses on published literature, this study does not require ethical approval. We will publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal and plan to disseminate our work in conferences and scientific meetings.

Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KW7RT).

Mycobacteroides abscessus (MABS) is within the non-tuberculous mycobacteria family. It inhabits soil and water, exhibits multi-antibiotic resistance and causes opportunistic lung infections, which may progress to symptomatic MABS-pulmonary disease (MABS-PD) associated with substantial morbidity, increased healthcare utilisation, impaired quality of life and increased mortality. Treatment regimens for MABS-PD are highly variable, not evidence-based and involve complex, expensive drug combinations administered for prolonged periods (>12 months) with frequent adverse effects and treatment failure. There is an urgent need for safe, efficacious and cost-effective MABS-PD therapy. Here, we describe the Master Protocol for the Finding the Optimal Regimen for Mycobacteroides abscessus Treatment (FORMaT) trial. FORMaT aims to determine the most effective and best tolerated treatment for MABS-PD as defined by MABS clearance from respiratory samples with good treatment tolerance.

FORMaT is an international multicentre, adaptive platform trial evaluating treatment combinations for MABS-PD. Participants are randomised multiple times during the trial, with assessment of the primary outcome of clearance of MABS infection with good treatment tolerance. Initially, therapies recommended in international consensus guidelines are being tested. Data obtained will eliminate therapies lacking efficacy or causing unacceptable toxicity. Novel treatments can then be added and tested against previously determined optimal approaches, leading in an iterative fashion to improved microbiological clearance and health outcomes. In parallel, an Observational cohort and several integrated and discovery studies are embedded in FORMaT to identify biomarkers of MABS-PD and MABS clearance, clinical and radiographic treatment response, drug pharmacokinetics and Mycobacteroides genomics and resistome.

The FORMaT Master Protocol and related documents are approved by regulatory authorities in each participating jurisdiction and/or site. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. De-identified, aggregated data will be shared on an approved online platform.

NCT04310930, ANZCTR12618001831279, 2020-000050-10, ISRCTN67303903.

Mobile diagnostic imaging services provided at home increase accessibility and convenience, particularly for older adults, people with disabilities and other vulnerable groups. These services can reduce the need for patient travel and support the routine monitoring of chronic conditions. However, current guidelines often overlook user acceptance and environmental considerations within the home setting.

To map studies that identify the models, barriers and facilitators for performing home-based diagnostic imaging/graph according to end users.

A scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist.

Studies that addressed mobile or portable diagnostic imaging or graph examinations conducted in the home for individuals of any age or health status were included. Studies were eligible if they reported on barriers, facilitators or user experiences. Studies that focused on wearable technologies were excluded.

The search strategy was developed using terms related to home-based diagnostic imaging/graph, portability, home setting and user perceptions. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, The ACM Guide to Computing Literature and LILACS, without restrictions on publication date or language. Additional grey literature was identified through Google Scholar.

Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardised form that captured study characteristics, types of procedures, target populations and reported barriers and facilitators. Quantitative data were summarised using absolute and relative frequencies. Qualitative findings were synthesised through basic content analysis to identify and categorise recurring themes.

Data were charted in tables to organise and visually map study contexts, methodological features and thematic patterns related to implementation and user experience.

Twenty-six studies published between 1998 and 2023 across 15 countries were included. The diagnostic examinations included mostly polysomnography, X-ray imaging and ultrasonography. Seven categories of barriers were identified, such as physical discomfort, equipment-related challenges and procedural limitations. Seven facilitators were also reported, including perceived comfort, patient satisfaction and equipment usability.

This review identifies key factors affecting the delivery and user experience of mobile diagnostic imaging at home, including logistical, technical and environmental aspects. It reveals gaps in the literature and provides a basis for future research to inform more inclusive and effective public health policies and service design.

Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/7UV5D).

Little research has been done on post-COVID symptoms at 24 months postinfection and on the association these may have on health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

We assessed the prevalence and severity of post-COVID symptoms and quantified EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L), self-perceived health question (EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS)) and health utility scores (HUS) up to 24 months follow-up.

The longitudinal multiple cohort CORona Follow-Up (CORFU) study combines seven COVID-19 patient cohorts and a survey among the general public. The participants received questionnaires on several time points. Participants were stratified by: without a known SARS-CoV-2 infection (control group), proven SARS-CoV-2 infection but non-hospitalised, proven SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalised to the ward, and proven SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalised to the intensive care unit (ICU).

In this study, data of seven COVID-19 patient cohorts and a survey among the general public are included.

Former COVID-19 patients and controls participated in this cohort study.

Former COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 controls were sent questionnaires on symptoms associated with post-COVID condition. The CORFU questionnaire included 14 symptom questions on post-COVID condition using a five-level Likert-scale format. Furthermore, HRQOL was quantified using the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L questionnaire: EQ-VAS and the EQ-5D-5L utility score. The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire includes five domains that are scored on a five-point Likert scale: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression.

A total of 901 participants (and 434 controls) responded at 24 months follow-up. In all former COVID-19 patients, the presence of post-COVID condition at 24 months was observed in 62 (42.5%, 95% CI 34.3% to 50.9%) of the non-hospitalised patients, 333 (65.0%, 95% CI 60.7% to 69.2%) of the hospitalised ward patients and 156 (63.2%, 95% CI 56.8% to 69.2%) of the ICU patients, respectively (p

Many former COVID-19 patients experience post-COVID symptoms at 24 months follow-up, with the highest prevalence in hospitalised participants. Also, former patients reported a lower HRQOL.

The CORFU study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (registration number NCT05240742).

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living with disability have unequal access to health and disability support services. The impacts of colonialism and the deficit-based, Western medical model of disability have been identified as barriers to services in remote Aboriginal communities. This study explored different perceptions of disability and identified strategies to help bridge the gap between Aboriginal community members in the Fitzroy Valley and Western health and disability support services.

Aboriginal Participatory Action Research approach with in-depth interviews. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Preliminary results were presented to community representatives for contextualisation, validation and to co-design recommendations.

Fitzroy Valley in the Kimberley region, Western Australia.

Aboriginal community members with lived experience of disability (n=7) and health and disability support service providers (n=12).

Eight themes were identified: (1) Aboriginal kinship systems are a community strength and support for people living with disability; (2) Aboriginal people from the Fitzroy Valley perceive disability as a social construct; (3) Western medical model of disability differs from Aboriginal perceptions of disability; (4) Aboriginal people from the Fitzroy Valley perceive different types of disabilities in various ways; (5) good awareness of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in the Fitzroy Valley, but more education is wanted; (6) focus on functional needs and supports for disability; (7) barriers to disability services and (8) decolonise disability services. Community co-designed recommendations focus on centring the Aboriginal worldviews of disability in the Fitzroy Valley.

Decolonising disability services is needed to improve access for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. This should involve adapting the current Western medical model of services to enable strengths-based diagnostic and support services that align with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander kinship systems, cultures and ways of being. Community leadership must play a central role in this shift.

Acute abdominal pain is a chief complaint in emergency departments and represents 7%–10% of emergency room (ER) visits. Acute appendicitis represents 15% of the causes of abdominal pain and 62% of the causes that require surgical treatment. Opioid analgesia has been evaluated in clinical trials, and they have determined it does not impact diagnostic accuracy. Despite evidence, withholding analgesia is still a common practice. Pain severely impacts quality of life and analgesia has become essential in humanised medicine. We aim to determine the safety and effectiveness of different opioid regimens for adult patients that present to the ER with acute suspected appendicitis.

We will search MEDLINE and Embase via Ovid, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials without restrictions on the study publication date. Screening, extraction and risk of bias assessment will be performed in duplicate. We will use the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. We will perform both pairwise meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA) if transitivity and coherence principles are met. Heterogeneity will be evaluated using the I² and ² and using the thresholds recommended by Cochrane. We will perform sensitivity analysis based on the pre-established potential effect modifiers, risk of bias and data that required transformation or imputation. Publication bias will be addressed by using funnel plots on a pairwise level. We will assess the strength of the body of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach (GRADE) per outcome, and evidence from the NMA will be assessed using the GRADE approach for NMA.

Approval by an ethics committee is not required for this study since no personal information will be handled. Information will be disseminated by publication on a peer-reviewed journal.

CRD42024583804.

Aboriginal people in the Kimberley are concerned that scientific research, government Inquiries and Royal Commissions are not adequately informing policy and service design. In this protocol paper, we outline our proposed scoping review to identify and provide a broad overview of scientific literature regarding the health, well-being, mental health, disability, education and social outcomes of children and adolescents living in the Kimberley region of Western Australia and the recommendations that came from them.

This scoping review is guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) methodological framework. We will conduct a comprehensive search across multiple databases using several search engines. Inclusion criteria were established to inform the selection of papers to be included in the review. After de-duplication, all titles and abstracts will be reviewed, followed by full-text screening. A second reviewer will independently screen 20% of the titles, abstracts and full texts. Two reviewers will discuss discrepancies, and a third reviewer will resolve any disagreements that may arise. We will use a data extraction template in Covidence to systematically extract relevant data.

This scoping review does not require ethics approval, as we are investigating the breadth of existing literature regarding the outcomes of children and adolescents in the Kimberley, Western Australia. The scoping review results will be published in peer-reviewed journal(s) and shared with relevant policymakers to help inform future policies and service improvements and designs in the region.

Cancer and its treatment can negatively impact physical function, general well-being and quality of life. An evidence-based strategy to manage this is to prescribe exercise. One approach is to prescribe exercise prehabilitation to improve pretreatment health and function. However, current exercise prehabilitation programmes are under-researched, and the quality of their reporting has not been systematically assessed.

This review aimed to identify the following: the characteristics of prehabilitation exercise programmes; how intensity, physical function, patient-reported outcomes and treatment-related outcomes were measured; the quality of reporting and programme implementation.

Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported a cancer prehabilitation exercise intervention, reported outcomes relating to physical function and patient-reported outcomes, and full-text copies were available in English.

PubMed, Mednar and Scopus were screened for studies from inception until 4 of April 2024.

Exercise characteristics were extracted and manually charted in Microsoft Excel using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication. The tool for the assessment of study quality and reporting in exercise (TESTEX) framework was used to assess study quality and intervention reporting.

1495 results were retrieved, 28 of which were included. Exercise sessions lasted a mean of 42.5±21.9 min and were completed 3.7±1.3 times per week. 22 studies implemented concurrent exercise, five prescribed aerobic, and one prescribed resistance. High-intensity exercise was prescribed in four studies, moderate-high in 12, seven prescribed moderate, three prescribed low-moderate, and one was low intensity. 10 studies prescribed exercise intensity using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale, five prescribed heart rate (HR) zones, six used a set workload, and seven did not monitor intensity. A mean TESTEX score of 9.3±2.3 out of 15 was achieved. The lowest scoring criterion (n=3) related to the reporting of the exercise dose.

There was heterogeneity among studies regarding exercise intervention characteristics and measures of effectiveness. The overall quality of reporting was satisfactory, yet inconsistencies were apparent regarding quantifying and monitoring exercise dose, which limits the ability of researchers and clinicians to replicate, evaluate or scale cancer prehabilitation exercise interventions, impeding evidence-based practice. As such, to be able to optimise cancer prehabilitation exercise programmes, research must first focus on improving the quality of reporting and standardising outcome measures and methods of monitoring and prescribing exercise.