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The shortage of general practitioners in many countries remains a persistent issue and is likely to become more severe in the future. Multiple factors influencing the attitude of medical students towards general practice have been identified. The aim of this scoping review is to describe the scope of the evidence on the influence of teaching general practice in medical school (eg, lectures, seminars, internships) on medical students’ attitude towards this discipline and to identify knowledge gaps.
We will apply a mixed studies scoping review design. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies exploring the influence of general practice education in medical school (exposure) on the attitudes (outcome) of medical students (population) will be included. The outcome will be any measured or reported change in medical students’ attitude towards general practice as a discipline. A systematic search in MEDLINE through PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, the Education Resources Information Centre and PsycInfo, as well as forward and backward citation tracking, will be conducted starting from 2015, published in English or German. Titles, abstracts and full texts will be screened and data will be extracted independently by two reviewers. Results will be tabulated and summarised narratively and interpreted according to the framework of the affective domain.
By identifying and linking educational formats with levels of the affective domain, this approach may help educators understand how medical training can influence the attitude towards and interest in primary care and improve the development of professional identity formation and general practice focused curricula.
This scoping review does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national and international conferences.
The protocol of this scoping review has been registered on OSF (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/UFJCR).
Multimorbidity contributes significantly to poor population health outcomes while straining healthcare systems. Although some multimorbid patients experience an accelerated health decline (a decline in well-being or functional status that cannot be attributed to the natural ageing-related health deterioration), others can remain stable for years. Identifying risk factors for accelerated health decline in persons with multimorbidity could help prevent complications and reduce unnecessary interventions. Our review, therefore, aims to map the evidence on the clinical, biographical and healthcare-related factors associated with an accelerated health decline in multimorbid individuals.
We will use the evidence-mapping review methodology. We will perform a systematic comprehensive literature search in Medline via Pubmed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar using two broad concepts: ‘multimorbidity’ and ‘longitudinal studies’. We will search with MeSH terms (eg, ‘Multimorbidity’ (Majr), ‘Longitudinal Studies’ (Majr)) and free text words (eg, multimorbidity, multiple chronic condition*, longitudinal), from inception to date of the final search. All original quantitative studies involving participants in primary care and related healthcare settings will be included. Abstract/titles and full-text screening and data extraction will be performed independently by two or more researchers to minimise selection and reporting bias, with conflicts resolved by consensus. The data will be analysed qualitatively, and topics will be extracted to create evidence clusters. Risk factors will be classified in groups and cross-referenced against the outcomes from respective studies into combinations of exposure-outcome clusters. The resulting evidence clusters will be described narratively and presented as bubble plots. The search, initiated in January 2023, will be updated following this protocol review to reflect the most current evidence; exact dates will be reported in the results manuscript.
Due to the nature of the proposed evidence map, ethics approval will not be required. Results from our research will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at local, national and international conferences.
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