To examine the associations between food-related behaviours and nutrient intake on nutritional status among clients undergoing Community-Based Treatment and Rehabilitation (CBTaR) in Kelantan, Malaysia.

Cross-sectional analytical study.

Seven CBTaR centres (n=7) across the state of Kelantan, Malaysia.

A total of 393 adult clients (aged 18 years and above) enrolled in CBTaR programmes between June and December 2022 were selected through stratified random sampling.

The primary outcome was nutritional status, assessed using body mass index. Secondary outcomes included nutrient intake (macronutrients and micronutrients) and food-related behaviours (emotional eating, external eating, restrained eating and food addiction), measured through Bahasa Malaysia validated questionnaires and 24-hour dietary recalls. All variables were introduced into the structural equation modelling to examine the associations among these variables and their association with nutritional status.

The results revealed that food-related behaviour was significantly associated with the nutrient intake (β=–0.524, p≤0.001). Additionally, the drug use profile significantly determined the food-related behaviour (β=–0.129, p=0.006) and nutritional status (β=–0.134, p=0.007). Nutrient intake was found to be a significant predictor of nutritional status (β=–0.213, p≤0.001). Sociodemographic and drug use profiles were significantly correlated with nutritional outcomes through behavioural and dietary associations. Importance-performance map analysis identified nutrient intake as the most impactful variable, highlighting the need for urgent intervention (R²=0.272).

This study highlights that nutrient intake is a significant predictor associated with food-related behaviours on nutritional status among individuals with substance use disorder. Integrating nutrition counselling and behavioural interventions into CBTaR services may improve recovery and long-term health outcomes.

The WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) has been implemented in diverse settings to improve the quality and safety of intrapartum care, but implementation strategies and their relationship with adoption and fidelity remain heterogeneous and incompletely described.

To describe the landscape of SCC implementation, map the implementation strategies used and explore how these strategies were reported in relation to adoption and fidelity.

We included primary studies reporting SCC implementation in healthcare settings that described at least one implementation strategy, with no restrictions on country or language. Studies that did not report implementation strategies or did not involve SCC use in real-world care settings were excluded.

We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health and Global Index Medicus (June 2024), screened reference lists and consulted grey literature for the period 2009–2024.

This scoping review followed JBI methodology (Peters et al) and was reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. We extracted study characteristics and implementation findings, coded strategies using the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) taxonomy and grouped them by clusters. Adoption (initial uptake) and fidelity (adherence to core components) were categorised following Proctor’s implementation outcomes. We created a descriptive implementation intensity score and conducted exploratory analyses (tertiles, boxplot).

34 studies described 19 SCC implementation projects across 16 countries. We identified 24 distinct ERIC strategies, with most projects using 5–11 strategies. Frequently reported strategies included educational meetings, audit and feedback, supervision, contextual adaptation and leadership or champions. Exploratory analyses did not show consistent associations between implementation intensity and adoption or fidelity. ‘Change infrastructure’ strategies (such as record system or equipment changes) were variably defined and warrant cautious interpretation. Adaptations (eg, translation and alignment with national guidelines) were common and aimed at improving local fit, but heterogeneous reporting limited cross-study comparability.

SCC implementation has relied on diverse, multicomponent strategies, yet reporting—especially of strategy content and adaptations—remains insufficient, constraining comparison and synthesis across settings. As a pragmatic bundle, implementers may prioritise brief team training, unit-level champions and leadership signals, point-of-care audit and feedback, light-touch SCC adaptation that preserves core content and structured supervision or peer coaching, combined with systematic inclusion of women and families through codesign and companion-mediated prompting. Using theory-informed frameworks (such as Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research [CFIR]) and standardised reporting tools (eg, Proctor’s outcomes; Template for Intervention Description and Replication / Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies [TIDieR/StaRI]) can make SCC implementation strategies more transparent, comparable and scalable.

Open Science Framework: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/RWY27.

Mental health issues such as depression and anxiety are highly and disproportionally prevalent among university students. Beyond the academic rigour, stressors imposed by a new environment result in them being vulnerable to the onset and manifestation of mental health symptomatology. Leveraging smartphones and wearables for digital phenotyping capabilities is an innovative approach for monitoring and intervening in the mental health conditions of university students. This provides a unique opportunity to collect and identify digital and behavioural biomarkers, subsequently enabling the development of predictive models to identify university students at risk.

This study—Brightline—will employ an observational study design over a 6-month period, recruiting 500 students from a major public university in Singapore. Passive data collection will occur continuously throughout the monitoring period through a wearable device (Fitbit Charge 6) and smartphone sensors via the Brightline app, which uses a digital phenotyping data collection platform. Active data collection will consist of self-report questionnaires to be completed at the beginning of the study and follow-up assessments at 1, 3 and 6 months after. The passive and active data collected will be analysed to identify the digital biomarkers associated with depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness and affect among university students. Predictive models of these mental health issues will also be developed.

This study was approved by the Nanyang Technological University Institutional Review Board (IRB-2023-894). Findings from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic conferences.

NCT06770075.

Numerous published case reports have described retained drug needle fragments in soft tissue as causes of localised pain and infections in persons who inject drugs (PWIDs). Furthermore, there are case reports of PWIDs with lung and heart embolisations caused by needle emboli. Subcutaneously retained needles also pose a risk of needlestick injury to medical staff. There are no previous epidemiological attempts to evaluate how common X-ray-confirmed retained drug needle fragments are among community-dwelling PWIDs. Due to the unclear clinical relevance of needle fragment retentions, there is a need to systematically evaluate the prevalence of retained needles, related complications and risk factors predisposing needle fragmentations.

We have planned a prospective cross-sectional study covering multiple ambulatory clinics that manage PWIDs in Tampere, Finland. PWIDs will be asked to give their written informed consent prior to any study procedures. Initially, we aim to recruit a sample for a pilot study of 20 adults (≥18 years) who will be asked to fill out a questionnaire related to their drug use history and their suspicions of having retained needle fragments. Subsequently, participants will undergo X-ray imaging of the injection sites as part of the study. Female participants of childbearing age (

We submitted the study protocol for ethics review to the Tampere University Hospital Ethics Committee and received their favourable opinion (study code: R22037). We subsequently sought organisational permission from the clinics to conduct the study. To be enrolled, PWIDs must provide written informed consent. The study results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings.

NCT05679284.