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This study aimed to translate the Nurse Prescribing Self-Efficacy Scale (NP-SES) into Chinese and evaluate its reliability and validity.
A systematic methodological framework was used.
The study’s setting was hospitals and nursing schools in Jiangsu province, China.
A convenience sample of 309 practising nurses and nursing graduates was recruited.
The reliability and validity of the scale were assessed. Item screening was based on critical ratio values and item–total correlation coefficients. Validity was evaluated through content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s α coefficient and split-half reliability.
EFA identified three common factors, accounting for 78.608% of the total variance. CFA indicated that model fit indices met acceptable thresholds, supporting the scale’s structural validity. Cronbach’s α and split-half reliability for subdimensions ranged from 0.907 to 0.957 and from 0.867 to 0.944, respectively.
The Chinese version of the NP-SES demonstrates good reliability and validity and is suitable for assessing clinical nurses’ self-efficacy in prescribing.
This study aimed to investigate the network structural characteristics of self-efficacy and professional resilience among emergency nurses, identify core nodes within the network, and elucidate the key interactive mechanisms between these constructs.
Descriptive cross-sectional study.
A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2025, involving 612 emergency nurses from 20 hospitals in Sichuan, China. Data were collected using a self-administered demographic questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Chinese Emergency Nurse Professional Resilience Tool. An adjacent network integrating professional resilience and self-efficacy was developed. Key covariates—including title, position, tenure in the hospital or emergency department, education, and exposure to workplace violence—were included as control variables. Network precision and stability were evaluated using the correlation stability coefficient and confidence intervals for edge weights. To further test the robustness of the network model, sensitivity analyses were performed by adding each significant covariate to the original model. The Network Comparison Test was then used to compare the covariate-adjusted and unadjusted networks, assessing differences in network structure, overall strength, and edge weights.
The analysis identified S9 as the central node in the network. The overall network showed satisfactory stability and precision. The Network Comparison Test showed no significant differences in network structure or global strength between the adjusted and unadjusted models, indicating that the network was stable and robust to covariate adjustment.
This network analysis revealed the interaction mechanisms between self-efficacy and professional resilience among emergency nurses through contemporaneous network modelling and identified S9 as the core node, suggesting that this coping strategy plays a key role in regulating psychological resources. The overall network demonstrated good stability and precision, with no statistically significant differences between the adjusted and unadjusted models according to the Network Comparison Test. These findings indicate that the network structure was robust to covariate adjustment and provide a reference for developing and optimising intervention strategies to enhance professional resilience among emergency nurses.
For Emergency Nurses and the Management of Emergency Nursing Practice: What problem does this study address?
This study addresses the gap in understanding how self-efficacy and occupational resilience interact in emergency nurses under high-stress conditions.
A contemporaneous network analysis revealed a central node linking self-efficacy and resilience, highlighting key pathways in their mutual influence.
The findings offer practical guidance for emergency nursing management, supporting the development of targeted strategies to strengthen nurses' resilience, enhance professional competence, and improve the quality of emergency care.
This study is reported using the STROBE guidelines.
No Patient or Public Involvement: This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct, or reporting.
To identify symptom clusters in haematological malignancy patients during chemotherapy and determine the factors associated with different symptom clusters.
A cross-sectional study.
Convenience sampling was used to investigate haematological malignancy patients hospitalised for chemotherapy at a tertiary teaching hospital in Chengdu, China, from January 2021 to December 2023. Participants completed the Chinese version of the Condensed Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify symptom clusters; univariate analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to determine their related factors. This study was reported following the STROBE checklist.
A total of 600 participants were included in the study. We have identified the psychological, sleep, pain-fatigue, gastrointestinal-asthenia symptom clusters in haematological malignancy patients during chemotherapy. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that being female and having lactate dehydrogenase levels of 220 IU/L or higher are associated with an increased risk for the psychological symptom cluster. The sleep symptom cluster is more likely to occur in females, those with a prognostic nutritional index < 45, lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 220 IU/L and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 107.85. Female, the prognostic nutritional index < 45 and age ≥ 60 years are correlated with the pain-fatigue symptom cluster. The gastrointestinal-asthenia symptom cluster is related to female, a diagnosis of acute leukaemia or lymphoma, lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 220 IU/L and prognostic nutritional index < 45.
Adult haematological malignancy patients undergoing chemotherapy experience multiple symptoms that can be further divided into four symptom clusters. The occurrence of symptom clusters is influenced by a combination of patient sociodemographic characteristics, disease conditions and biochemical indicators.
The symptom burden is a major issue for haematological malignancy patients during chemotherapy. Health caregivers should focus on the connection between symptoms rather than individual symptoms when developing and providing interventions. Identifying the factors influencing symptom clusters in haematological malignancy patients should be the basis for accurate, efficient and cost-effective interventions.
The patients completed the questionnaires during the data collection in this study.
by Zihao Li, Xuejiao Chen, Wanli Hu, Gefei Li, Xiaoke Zhang, Datian Gao, Haiyun Gao, Songhe Shi
ObjectiveTo evaluate the longitudinal association between the Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) and the risk of diabetes mellitus in rural Chinese adults.
MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 53,120 participants aged ≥18 years from 2018 to 2023. Participants were stratified by quartiles of the METS-IR metrics. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between METS-IR and incident diabetes. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models examined nonlinear trends. Subgroup analysis, interaction tests, and multiple sensitivity analyses were performed. Predictive ability was evaluated using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
ResultsDuring 176,413.4 person-years of follow-up (median 3.83 years), 14,397 participants developed diabetes. After multifactorial adjustment, METS-IR was significantly and positively associated with diabetes onset (hazard ratio (HR)=1.094,95% confidence interval (CI): 1.076–1.112, P Conclusion
METS-IR is significantly correlated with the onset of diabetes, and the relationship is nonlinear. While it demonstrates limited discriminatory performance as a standalone screening tool, it remains suitable for initial risk stratification in primary health care institutions with limited resources.
The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting psychosocial adaptation in intestinal stoma patients and to identify central symptoms that might guide future interventions through network analysis.
A multicenter cross-sectional study.
All intestinal stoma patients were evaluated for psychosocial adaptation using the Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-20 (OAI-20). Univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to analyse the potential relationship between the level of psychological adjustment of intestinal stoma patients and individual factors. By network analysis, we calculated the centrality indicators for each node in the ostomy psychosocial adaptation network at different levels of low, medium and high, respectively.
This study ultimately enrolled a total of 19,909 intestinal stoma patients from 202 Chinese hospitals, out of which 6408 reported low psychosocial adaptation. It was found that there is a negative association between being female, partially self-care, completely dependent on others for care and having no medical insurance with psychosocial adaptation scores. In the low-level psychosocial adaptation network, no. OAI-14:limited activity, no. OAI-9: worried about ostomy, and no. OAI-11:always like a patient were identified as central indicators.
Being female, partially self-care, completely dependent on others for care, and having no health insurance can be considered characteristics of patients with lower psychosocial adaptation. Network analysis results provide intervention targets to improve adaptation.
Individualised and precise interventions can be carried out in terms of both the influencing factors and the most influential nodes of psychosocial adaptation in order to improve the level of psychosocial adaptation in intestinal stoma patients.
No patient or public contribution.
People living with HIV (PLWH) frequently encounter mental health symptoms. Yet, a notable gap exists regarding the divergence in core mental health symptoms among PLWH across developed and developing regions. This study aims to explore the differences in mental health symptom networks among PLWH in both developed and developing regions.
A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in China from April 2022 to April 2023. Six designated HIV hospitals enrolled 2436 participants, including 1430 PLWH from developed regions and 1006 PLWH from developing regions. The study assessed 40 mental health symptoms across six dimensions: somatization symptoms, negative affect, cognitive processes, cognitive function, interpersonal communication, and social adaptation among PLWH.
The diverse developed regions exhibited varying mental health symptoms among PLWH, particularly concerning their core symptoms. In the developed regions of China, PLWH predominantly experience core symptoms centered around “Sadness,” “Anger,” and “Distress.” In contrast, PLWH from developing regions tends to manifest core symptoms such as “Inability to integrate into society,” “Difficulty in managing daily work and study,” and “Hostility.”
The regional variation in mental health symptoms among PLWH underscores the disparities in their circumstances. This insight is crucial for crafting tailored intervention strategies for urban PLWH. In developed regions, psychological interventions such as catharsis and empathy are integral to clinical practice, while in less developed regions, family support interventions are paramount, given the limited social interactions available to PLWH.
This study was reported according to the STROBE checklist.
No patient or public contribution.
This study aimed to develop and preliminarily validate the KAP scale for pain management in older adults with dementia among nursing assistants.
A cross-sectional study.
An initial item pool was constructed through literature reviews, semi-structured interviews and team discussions. Items were screened and optimised through two rounds of Delphi expert consultations, a pilot survey and item analysis, yielding a draft version of the scale. Psychometric evaluation was conducted to refine the scale into its final form.
The final KAP scale developed in this study comprised 31 items. The scale exhibited good content validity, with item-level content validity index (I-CVI) values ranging from 0.83 to 1.00. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale extracted five factors, which accounted for 65.732% of the cumulative variance, and all items demonstrated rotated factor loadings > 0.5, indicating good construct validity. The Cronbach's α coefficients for the knowledge, attitudes and practices dimensions were 0.877, 0.915 and 0.935, respectively, and the split-half reliability coefficients were 0.909, 0.886 and 0.864.
The KAP scale for pain care in older adults with dementia developed in this study possesses good reliability and validity and can be used to assess the knowledge, attitudes and behavioural levels of nursing assistants in pain care.
This study developed and psychometrically validated a KAP scale specifically designed to assess pain care for older adults with dementia among nursing assistants. Clinical managers can utilise this tool to systematically identify deficiencies in staff members' knowledge, attitudes or practices, thereby providing scientific evidence for the development of targeted pain care training programs and pain management strategies. This contributes to enhancing nursing assistants' pain care competence, ultimately alleviating the pain burden of older adults with dementia and improving their quality of life.
The STROBE checklist was used as a guideline.
No patient or public involvement.
by Jing Liu, Junshuang Wang, Shuang Lv, Hengjiao Wang, Defu Yang, Ying Zhang, Ying Li, Huiling Qu, Ying Xu, Ying Yan
ObjectiveRadiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a significant complication following radiotherapy for brain tumors, leading to neurocognitive deficits and other neurological impairments. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for RIBI by utilizing advanced proteomic techniques to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying RIBI.
MethodsA rat model of RIBI was established and subjected to whole-brain irradiation (30 Gy). Tandem mass tagging (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics, combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry, was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the brain tissues of irradiated rats. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were conducted to identify the biological processes and pathways involved. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to identify key hub proteins.
ResultsA total of 35 DEPs were identified, including PHLDA3, APOE and CPE. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DEPs were mainly involved in lipid transport, cell adhesion, and metabolic processes. KEGG analysis highlighted the enrichment of pathways related to metabolism, tight junctions, and PPAR signaling. APOE was identified as a key hub protein through PPI network analysis, indicating its potential role in RIBI pathophysiology. Immunohistochemistry further validated the increased expression of PHLDA3, APOE, and CPE in the brain tissue of irradiated rats.
ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of RIBI by identifying key proteins and their associated pathways. The findings suggest that these proteins, particularly APOE and PHLDA3, could serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for clinical intervention in RIBI. These results not only enhance our understanding of RIBI’s molecular pathology but also open new avenues for the development of targeted therapies to mitigate radiation-induced neurotoxicity.
Effective management of postoperative pain is essential for enhancing recovery and improving patient satisfaction after breast surgery. Traditionally, bupivacaine, a long-acting local anaesthetic, has been widely employed for this purpose. More recently, liposomal bupivacaine, a novel prolonged-release formulation, has been introduced as a potential alternative. Although several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated these agents, their comparative efficacy remains uncertain. This protocol describes the methodology for a systematic review and meta-analysis designed to assess the analgesic effectiveness of conventional bupivacaine versus liposomal bupivacaine in the setting of breast surgery.
This study is designed as a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase via Ovid, Medline via Ovid and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify eligible RCTs up to the present date. The search strategy will combine relevant keywords and Medical Subject Headings terms related to bupivacaine, liposomal bupivacaine, breast surgery and pain management. Eligible studies will include RCTs enrolling adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing breast surgery. The interventions of interest are liposomal versus standard bupivacaine, typically administered perioperatively—most commonly intraoperatively via local infiltration or regional block—within the context of surgery under general anaesthesia. The primary outcome is the intensity of postoperative pain within 72 hours. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, extract data and assess risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Data will be synthesised using either a random-effects or fixed-effects model, with effect sizes reported as mean differences with 95% CIs for continuous outcomes, and risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and assessment of publication bias will also be performed to ensure the robustness of findings.
Ethical approval is not required as only published data will be analysed. The meta-analysis findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant scientific conferences.
CRD42023451411.
This study aims to investigate the predictors of very poor outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion after successful endovascular thrombectomy.
A multicentre, retrospective study.
Data were derived from tertiary care facilities in five cities of China.
This study included 1242 patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion who underwent endovascular thrombectomy, and they were stratified by 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores into a very poor outcome group (mRS 5–6) and a non-very poor outcome group (mRS 0–4).
The primary outcome was very poor outcomes. Data from 1242 patients were analysed for demographic, laboratory, imaging and perioperative data.
Among the 1242 recruited patients, 318 (25.60%) exhibited very poor outcomes. In multivariate analysis, predictors of very poor outcomes were higher age (OR 1.059, 95% CI 1.043 to 1.075, p
The very poor outcomes were associated with advanced age, CHD history, stroke history, high NIHSS score, high neutrophil count, low ASPECTS and presence of MCE and sICH, while receiving intravenous thrombolysis was a protective factor. These poor outcome predictors might play a crucial role in informing clinical decision-making.
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06290076); pre-results.
To examine and synthesise the current literature to gain insights into nursing students' experiences, their perceived learning effectiveness of patient safety and its influencing factors.
Integrative review.
CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases from January 2011 to October 2023.
Of the 5940 papers initially retrieved, 33 were included after title, abstract, and full-text screening. No papers were omitted through quality appraisal.
Despite nursing students' generally positive attitude towards patient safety, their idealistic view did not translate into actual actions of upholding patient safety due to various factors. Moreover, their experiences and perceived effectiveness of learning patient safety were influenced by factors such as organisational safety culture and pedagogical contexts. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: ‘perception, attitudes, and evaluation towards patient safety’; ‘supportive organizational culture as impetus to promote patient safety’; ‘perceived confidence, knowledge, and competence toward patient safety’; and ‘educational contexts and pedagogies to promote learning of patient safety’.
There is an inadequate focus on patient safety in clinical education compared to classroom education. Given that the clinical setting serves as an authentic learning environment of patient safety, nursing faculties play a crucial role in reforming existing nursing curricula to integrate patient safety education in both settings to ensure continuity of learning. Clinical nursing leaders should also proactively review and reform organisational culture and practices to enable nursing students' acquisition and internalisation of patient safety learning.
This review highlighted the need for further collaboration between nursing faculties and healthcare institutions to advocate an environment conducive to nursing students' effective learning of patient safety.
Reporting adheres to the Reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines.
No patient or public contribution.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents a significant global health challenge. Despite advancements like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), patients remain at risk for recurrent cardiovascular events and persistent symptoms such as angina. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and acupuncture are commonly used adjunctive therapies, particularly in East Asia, but robust evidence synthesising their effects when combined with standard post-PCI care is needed. Therefore, this systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding CHM or acupuncture to standard care compared with standard care alone (with or without placebo/sham) in adult patients following PCI.
We will include parallel-group randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating CHM or acupuncture plus standard care vs standard care (± placebo/sham) in adults post-PCI for CAD. Major international and Chinese electronic databases and clinical trial registries will be searched from their inception without language restrictions. Two reviewers will independently perform study selection based on predefined eligibility criteria and extract data using a standardised form. Risk of bias for included RCTs will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Where appropriate based on clinical and methodological homogeneity (assessed using the I² statistic), pairwise meta-analyses will be conducted using random-effects models. We will calculate risk ratios (RR) or OR for dichotomous outcomes like major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality, and mean differences (MD) or standardised mean differences (SMD) for continuous outcomes such as angina scores and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Furthermore, if the evidence network permits, a network meta-analysis (NMA) will be performed to indirectly compare the relative effectiveness and safety of CHM vs acupuncture. If quantitative synthesis (pairwise or network) is not feasible, a narrative synthesis will be provided. The certainty of the evidence for key outcomes will be assessed using the GRADE approach. This evaluation will encompass the certainty derived from direct pairwise comparisons as well as the indirect comparisons and overall network estimates derived from the NMA.
There are no ethical issues as this study did not conduct any experiments, surveys or human trials. We will ensure that the findings are shared through pertinent channels.
CRD420251040037.
To understand the current situation of nurses' compassion competence and analyse the characteristics and influencing factors of different categories of nurses' compassion competence based on latent profile analysis, to provide a theoretical basis for formulating targeted compassion training programmes.
A cross-sectional study.
From June to October 2023, 550 nurses from tertiary grade A hospitals in Shandong province were selected by convenience sampling and investigated by utilising a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Compassion Competence Scale for the Nurses, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey. Latent profile analysis was performed to explore the potential categories of nurses' compassion competence, and single-factor analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the related influencing factors.
A total of 513 nurses were included. The compassion competence of nurses could be divided into four categories: the compassion competence deficient group (7.56%), the compassion competence low-imbalanced group (15.35%), the compassion competence high-balanced group (50.38%) and the compassion competence excellent group (26.70%). Department, years of working, humanistic care training experience, whether work is supported by colleagues and leaders, mindfulness and job burnout were the influencing factors of different potential categories (all p < 0.05).
There are four categories into which nurses' compassion competency can be categorised. Nursing managers and medical institutions can formulate precise training methods that enhance nurses' compassion competency based on the traits of various nurse categories in order to improve the quality of nursing service.
The results of this study help to understand the categories and heterogeneity of nurses' compassion competence and provide a basis for nursing managers and medical institutions to improve the compassion competence of different categories of nurses.
All participants were nurses who completed an electronic questionnaire related to this study.
Intracranial atherosclerosis is the main cause of stroke globally, with acute large vessel occlusive (LVO) stroke being a predominant contributor to stroke-related mortality. In recent years, aspiration thrombectomy (AT) has emerged as a novel therapeutic method for treating acute LVO stroke. The purpose of this study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of AT alone or combined with stent retriever thrombectomy (SRT) in the treatment of acute LVO stroke
This is a multicentre and observational real-world study involving patients diagnosed with acute LVO stroke. Participants will be treated with AT alone or combined with SRT. According to the actual annual number of embolectomy in the sub-centre and the research years, the sample size of this study is estimated to be 400 patients, of which 300 patients of anterior circulation lesions and 100 patients of posterior circulation lesions are planned to be recruited, being considered that the incidence of posterior circulation is about 20–25%. Clinical data, including baseline characteristics, intraoperative details, postoperative outcomes and follow-up results, will be systematically collected using an Electronic Data Capture system over a follow-up period of 3 months. The primary efficacy endpoint is the rate of excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score range 0–3) after 90 days, and the successful recanalisation confirmed by digital subtraction angiography. The primary safety outcome is symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage within 48 hours (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score increase ≥4). This study will provide us with powerful guidance for the treatment of acute LVO stroke with different aetiologies.
This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on Human Experimentation at Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (approval number: SWYX:2022–1025). All the participating sites have received the ethics approval. The outcomes will be disseminated through national and international presentations and peer-reviewed publications.
ChiCTR2200065172.
Radiotherapy (RT) can cause a range of negative impacts in addition to the intended treatment impacts. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) may improve the physical and psychological conditions of patients with lung cancer receiving RT, but specific evidence is lacking. This review mapped the evidence on PR in patients with lung cancer receiving RT for intervention characteristics and outcome assessments.
PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Proquest, Web of Science, CNKI and WanFang were searched for studies from January 2003 to April 2025.
We included randomised controlled trials and non-randomised comparative intervention studies that included centre-based PR in patients ≥18 years with lung cancer who were receiving RT. PR was defined as any type of exercise, respiratory training, or both and/or at least one additional component (eg, psychological support). Studies were excluded if they were not available in English, were not full-text articles or were non-peer-reviewed.
Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts for inclusion and extracted data. PR components and the typology of outcome assessments used were mapped at the final data synthesis level.
Out of 3120 records, nine studies were investigated in the final data synthesis. In these studies, in addition to exercise or respiratory training, psychological support and disease education were the most common components of PR. Pulmonary function, quality of life, symptom assessment and exercise performance were commonly assessed outcomes in these included studies. Although the effectiveness of PR is difficult to synthesise, the evidence for improvements in exercise performance and symptoms of dyspnoea and anxiety/depression is promising.
Evidence on PR in patients with lung cancer receiving RT is sparse, and there is a heterogeneous understanding of PR. The development of standardised PR protocols and investigation of the capabilities of PR in this growing and under-represented patient population are essential.
Cognitive decline, including subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia, significantly affects social participation, leading to social isolation and reduced quality of life. Enhancing social participation through interventions may mitigate these effects, yet evidence on intervention effectiveness and mechanisms remains inconsistent.
To evaluate the effectiveness of social participation interventions for individuals with cognitive decline and identify effective behavior change techniques (BCTs) supporting social participation.
Our search using the following databases—PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang—was conducted until October 2024. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. Meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata18, and the certainty of evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.
Sixteen RCTs involving 2190 participants were included. Music therapy (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI [0.15, 1.10]) and reminiscence therapy (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI [0.02, 0.66]) demonstrated significant positive effects on social participation. Group-based interventions were particularly effective (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI [0.04, 0.43]). Commonly used BCTs included goal setting, behavioral practice/rehearsal, and social support. However, substantial heterogeneity and limited data on SCD and MCI restricted generalizability.
Interventions promoting social participation may enhance engagement for individuals with cognitive decline, particularly through music therapy, reminiscence therapy, and group-based formats. The complexity and dynamic nature of social interaction require individuals to engage and integrate various cognitive functions and skills, which can present significant challenges for older adults with cognitive impairments in their daily social participation. Further research is needed to optimize intervention components and address gaps in targeting early cognitive decline stages.
FreshRSS 