In chronic kidney disease (CKD), anaemia develops and evolves as kidney dysfunction progresses. The treatment of anaemia is described in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), which are designed to report the most relevant evidence for clinical practice in disease management. This study will analyse CPGs for transparency, methodological quality and quality of recommendations for their implementation over time, and also compare recommendations for the treatment of anaemia outlined in these documents.

CPGs will be identified by conducting a systematic search of the data sources CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Scielo, Scopus, ProQuest, Trip Database, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, and guidelines on websites, published between January 2009 and December 2025. Three reviewers will, independently, evaluate the methodological quality of the guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch and Evaluation II (AGREE-II) tool and the quality of recommendations using the AGREE – Recommendations Excellence tool. The treatment recommendations for anaemia in CKD will be summarised and compared. Results will be presented in tables and descriptive statistics will be compiled for all domains of the tools.

This is a literature-based study and, therefore, no ethical approval will be required. Results of the study can be submitted for publication in high-impact, peer-reviewed scientific journals, and also presented at national and international conferences.

CRD42024629656.

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite strong recommendations, the implementation rate of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in Japan remains low. Mobile health technologies, such as Personal Health Record (PHR) applications combined with wearable devices, may enhance adherence to rehabilitation programmes. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a continuous support programme that integrates a PHR app and counselling services in improving the continuation rate of outpatient CR and exercise tolerance in patients with IHD.

This is a single-blind randomised controlled trial with a parallel-group design. A total of 72 participants with IHD will be recruited from the outpatient departments of Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Gunma Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama Red Cross Hospital, Momoyama-kai Ono Internal Clinic, Hiroshima University Hospital, Tshuyama Jifu-kai Tsuyama Chuo Hospital and Shinpu-kai Tamashima Chuo Hospital. Participants will be randomly allocated to either the intervention group, which will receive a wearable device, a PHR app, counselling services and a rehabilitation notebook, or the control group, which will receive a wearable device and a rehabilitation notebook without the PHR app and counselling. The primary outcome is the change in peak oxygen uptake from baseline to 150 days. Secondary outcomes include changes in anaerobic threshold, number of outpatient rehabilitation visits, daily steps and vital signs. Data will be analysed using a generalised estimating equations for primary outcomes and appropriate statistical tests for secondary outcomes, following an intention-to-treat approach.

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the ethics committee of the Kyoto University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine (C1669-1). In addition, permission to conduct the study was granted by the director of each participating institution. Participants will provide informed consent prior to participation. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and summary reports to stakeholders.

This trial is registered with the University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (trial identifier: UMIN000055823).

Temperature control is a fundamental intervention for neuroprotection following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. However, evidence regarding the efficacy of hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) remains unclear. Retrospective studies suggest that the clinical effectiveness of hypothermia may depend on the severity of PCAS. The R-CAST OHCA trial aims to compare the efficacy of hypothermia versus normothermia in improving 30-day neurological outcomes in patients with moderately severe PCAS following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

The multicentre, single-blind, parallel-group, superiority, randomised controlled trial (RCT) is conducted with the participation of 35 emergency and critical care centres and/or intensive care units at academic and non-academic hospitals. The study enrols moderately severe PCAS patients, defined as those with a revised post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome for induced Therapeutic Hypothermia score of 5.5–15.5. A target number of 380 participants will be enrolled. Participants are randomised to undergo either hypothermia or normothermia within 3 hours after return of spontaneous circulation. Patients in the hypothermia group are cooled and maintained at 34°C until 28 hours post-randomisation, followed by rewarming to 37°C at a rate of 0.25°C/hour. Patients in the normothermia group are maintained at normothermia (36.5°C–37.7°C). Total periods of intervention, including the cooling, maintenance and rewarming phases, will occur 40 hours after randomisation. Other treatments for PCAS can be determined by the treating physicians. The primary outcome is a favourable neurological outcome, defined as Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2 at 30 days after randomisation and compared using an intention-to-treat analysis.

This study has been approved by the Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Okayama University Hospital, Ethics Committee (approval number: R2201-001). Written informed consent is obtained from all participants or their authorised surrogates. Results will be disseminated via publications and presentations.

jRCT1062220035.