Conectar
by Mario Gómez-Martínez, Greta Arias-Merino, Juan Benito-Lozano, Ana Villaverde-Hueso, Renata Linertová, Verónica Alonso-Ferreira
Inherited Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is a group of rare, genetic skin diseases characterized by extreme fragility of the skin and mucous membranes, leading to blistering and wounds in response to minimal trauma or friction. These clinical manifestations significantly reduce health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The objective of this protocol article is to provide information about the methods planned to be used to assess the measurement properties of HRQoL instruments specifically developed for EB patients of all age groups through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The protocol followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guideline. The literature search will be conducted in PubMed, Web of Science (WOS) and EMBASE, including terminology that aligns with the four key elements of the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) research question (construct, target population, measurement properties and type of PROM), as well as the terminology proposed by COSMIN for measurement properties. Studies that include information on measurement properties (specifically, validity and/or reliability) with a sample of patients with inherited EB will be selected. Both title and abstract screening and full text review, will be conducted by two independent reviewers using the Rayyan tool. In addition, the risk of bias will be assessed using the COSMIN-Risk of Bias checklist. The data from each study and each measurement property will be summarized in accordance with the COSMIN guidelines. The evidence gathered will strive to adjudicate data on measurements properties of HRQoL instruments used in EB patients, and the limitations of the future systematic review will be discussed. Ultimately, results of the future systematic review will help develop more personalized guidelines for the assessment of HRQoL in EB patients of all age groups. The protocol is registered in OSF with registration number vrm87: https://osf.io/vrm87/Pressure injuries (PIs) remain a problem for patient safety and the sustainability of healthcare systems. Difficulties persist in their assessment, prevention and monitoring by multidisciplinary teams. International recommendations point to this problem as a priority area for resolution in terms of patient safety. Research on the subject has been positive, resulting in several guidelines for clinical practice, but professionals' adherence remains below what is expected for their implementation. This scoping review aimed to identify interventions that increase multidisciplinary teams' adherence to the prevention and management of PIs between hospitals and the communities. The search was carried out in the MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, JBI, Cochrane and grey literature databases by two independent reviewers, and led to the identification of 16 articles that met the eligibility criteria and made it possible to answer the research question. Strategies to improve adherence by health professionals include the creation and training of multidisciplinary teams, the implementation of new risk assessment models, Wound Boards, injury prevention reminders, video consultation apps, multidisciplinary rounds, documentation and recording. No studies were identified that assessed staff adherence to interventions aimed at preventing and managing PIs in the continuum between hospitals and communities, which is suggestive of the need for further research in this area.
Our aim is to develop a Framework of Measurement for people living with Long COVID and their caregivers for use in Long COVID research and clinical practice. Specifically, we will characterise evidence pertaining to outcome measurement and identify implementation considerations for use of outcome measures among adults and children living with Long COVID and their caregivers.
We will conduct a scoping study involving: (1) an evidence review and (2) a two-phased consultation, using methodological steps outlined by the Arksey and O’Malley Framework and Joanna Briggs Institute. We will answer the following question: What is known about outcome measures used to describe, evaluate or predict health outcomes among adults and children living with Long COVID and their caregivers? Evidence review: we will review peer review published and grey literature to identify existing outcome measures and their reported measurement properties with people living with Long COVID and their caregivers. We will search databases including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus for articles published since 2020. Two authors will independently review titles and abstracts, followed by full text to select articles that discuss or use outcome measures for Long COVID health outcomes, pertain to adults or children living with Long COVID and/or their caregivers and are based in research or clinical settings. We will extract data including article characteristics, terminology and definition of Long COVID, health outcomes assessed, characteristics of outcome measures, measurement properties and implementation considerations. We will collate and summarise data to establish a preliminary Framework of Measurement. Consultation phase 1: we will conduct an environmental scan involving a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire among individuals with experience using or completing outcome measures for Long COVID, to identify outcome measures not found in the evidence review and explore implementation considerations for outcome measurement in the context of Long COVID. Consultation phase 2: we will conduct focus groups to review the preliminary Framework of Measurement and to highlight implementation considerations for outcome measurement in Long COVID. We will analyse questionnaire and focus group data using descriptive and content analytical approaches. We will refine the Framework of Measurement based on the focus group consultation using community-engaged approaches with the research team.
Protocol approved by the University of Toronto Health Sciences Research Ethics Board (protocol #46503) for the consultation phases of the study. Outcomes will include a Framework of Measurement, to enhance measurement of health outcomes in Long COVID research and clinical practice. Knowledge translation will also occur in the form of publications and presentations.
To investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and extracurricular achievements among UK medical students.
National, cross-sectional survey.
All 44 UK medical schools recognised by the General Medical Council.
8,395 medical students.
Binary indicators of extracurricular engagement, including PubMed-indexed authorship, academic presentations, quality improvement projects, leadership roles and academic prizes. Logistic regression models were used to explore associations with demographic and extracurricular achievement predictors.
Logistic regression analysis showed that students from private schools (OR 1.35, CI 1.20 to 1.53, p
Significant disparities in extracurricular achievement exist among UK medical students, principally associated with gender, private schooling and familial links to medicine. Apparent ethnic differences were largely attenuated after adjustment for other variables, indicating socioeconomic factors as stronger predictors of engagement. Given the role of these achievements in postgraduate selection, targeted interventions by medical schools and professional bodies to widen access to funding, mentorship and structured guidance for all students, regardless of perceived advantage, may support equitable opportunity without undermining merit-based standards.
To explore factors influencing UK medical students’ specialty choices and examine variations in these influences across demographic groups and stages of training.
National, cross-sectional online survey.
All 44 UK medical schools recognised by the General Medical Council.
8,395 medical students.
The primary outcome was the specialty preferences of UK medical students. The secondary outcomes were factors behind these preferences and how these factors vary across demographic groups and different stages of training.
General Practice (15.3%), Paediatrics (10.6%) and Anaesthetics (9.9%) were the most preferred specialties among final-year students. Work-life balance (84.1%), compatibility with family life (78.2%), positive training experiences (85.2%) and future specialty outlook (74.9%) were key factors influencing specialty choice. Only 23.1% of students felt confident about securing a specialty training post, with confidence higher among males (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.52, p
This study highlights disparities in specialty preferences and influencing factors among UK medical students. A focus on improving career guidance, exposure to various specialties and supporting equitable access to training opportunities is essential for fostering a motivated and sustainable medical workforce.
La experiencia de un procedimiento quirúrgico puede ser angustiante tanto para los pacientes como
para sus familiares, lo que requiere la atención integral del equipo quirúrgico para minimizar las
inseguridades. Así, el objetivo de esta comunicación breve es reflexionar sobre la importancia de la
acogida humanizada en el Centro Quirúrgico y la Sala de Recuperación Postanestésica, presentando
aspectos prácticos para mejorar este enfoque. La humanización del cuidado implica una comunicación
efectiva, una atención personalizada y la creación de un ambiente acogedor. Este manuscrito destaca
estrategias para optimizar la acogida en el bloque quirúrgico. La humanización en la asistencia quirúrgica refuerza la esencia del cuidado en salud, yendo más allá de la mera aplicación de protocolos
técnicos
Pain accounts for approximately 80% of emergency department admissions. While intravenous morphine titration is commonly used for severe pain, non-invasive alternatives that bypass intravenous access are needed. Nebulised fentanyl, combined with pupillometry for objective monitoring of opioid impregnation, may offer a rapid and safe alternative for pain management.
This phase I, open-label, randomised, exploratory, crossover, single-centre prospective controlled trial will employ pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) modelling to assess the variability in bioavailability of nebulised fentanyl administered via intranasal route versus facial aerosol. 20 healthy volunteers will receive three repeated administrations of fentanyl over two visits. At each visit, blood samples (n=11) will be collected for fentanyl quantification by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and pupillary unrest in ambient light (PUAL) measurements (n=9) will be recorded. The resulting data will be analysed using Monolix 2024R1 to model PK–PD relationships, perform Monte Carlo simulations and determine the optimal dosing and timing required to achieve a reduction of more than 30% in PUAL, while also evaluating safety, comfort and tolerance.
The study has been approved by the Ethic Committee Île-de-France VII (approval reference number: 000216, February 2024) and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and appropriate data-sharing platforms to support further research and clinical application.
This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT06281951).
What is the effect of Choosing Wisely recommendations on physiotherapists’ intentions to refer for imaging and use electrotherapy for low back pain?
Three-arm parallel-group online randomised controlled trial.
Physiotherapists who treat people with low back pain.
Participants were randomised to receive: (a) two original Australian Physiotherapy Association Choosing Wisely recommendations about low back pain, (b) two optimised versions of these recommendations based on previous research and (c) no recommendations. Participants were then directed to read three clinical vignettes of a person with low back pain and respond to questions regarding each vignette.
Primary outcomes were physiotherapists’ intentions to refer for imaging and use electrotherapy for low back pain. Secondary outcomes were physiotherapists’ intentions to use other treatments for low back pain, the influence of the recommendations on decision-making in the vignettes and familiarity with the recommendations.
723 participants opened the survey and 473 (65%) provided complete responses. Across all vignettes, there were no statistically significant differences in intentions to refer for imaging or use electrotherapy between those who received Choosing Wisely recommendations versus no recommendation (imaging ORs ranging from 0.7 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.0) to 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4); electrotherapy ORs ranging from 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) to 1.1 (0.7 to 2.0)). Similarly, no significant differences were observed between those who received optimised versus original recommendations for all three vignettes.
Our study suggests simply presenting Choosing Wisely recommendations to physiotherapists does not influence their intentions to refer for imaging or use electrotherapy for low back pain, even if the language of the recommendations is optimised.
Patient safety incidents during healthcare cause a high burden and mortality, but many go unreported. Involving patients and caregivers in the identification and reporting of safety incidents would add value to the current incident reporting systems used by health professionals. Identifying and analysing patient safety incidents is essential to prevent future events, allowing organisations to apply a learning-from-error approach and to implement improvement plans. Patient-Reported Incident Measures are tools for patients and caregivers to report safety issues related to their healthcare. In accordance with WHO’s patient safety taxonomy, the term patient safety incidents is used throughout this protocol to encompass events that do and do not reach the patient, including what are commonly referred to as near misses and adverse events. We aim to identify and describe the published literature about tools for patients or caregivers to report patient safety incidents in healthcare.
We will conduct a scoping review. We have developed inclusion criteria using the PCC (population, concept and context) format, where population includes adult patients or caregivers; concept refers to documents describing formal tools used to report patient safety incidents; and context includes any healthcare setting, such as hospitals or mental health centres, during or immediately after care. The scoping review will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Evidence sources include primary research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, conference abstracts, letters, guidelines, as well as policy documents, reports, blogs and websites, without language restriction. An initial database search in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library from database inception up to June 2023 identified 4500 initial citations, of which 4103 were selected for evaluation after duplicates were removed. We will supplement the search by checking the reference lists of included studies for additional sources of evidence and an additional search in Google to identify non-peer-reviewed documents. This initial search will be updated before completing the review. We will use a self-created data collection form for data extraction and perform a narrative synthesis to integrate and summarise the review findings. We will describe the general characteristics of the tool: setting, scope, format, content, type of patient safety incident and severity, the moment of notification, relation to patient safety incident reporting and learning systems, development process, testing, validation, or piloting, among other characteristics. As a result of this scoping review, we intend to provide an index of patient/caregiver-reported safety notification tools and a list of descriptive or evaluation studies.
We will only use published data. Approval from the human research ethics committee is not required. The results of this scoping review will be submitted for publication in an international peer-reviewed journal and scientific meetings. Findings will also be disseminated through digital science platforms and academic social media.
Global organizations have pronounced about the importance of involving people in health care, however, this process is challenging. Given the availability of evidence that addresses people's experiences of involvement in nursing care, it is important to produce recommendations at this point by synthesizing the evidence. So, this review aims to synthesize the available qualitative evidence about people's experiences of their involvement in nursing care in a hospital setting.
Systematic review of qualitative evidence.
This systematic review was conducted according to the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. A comprehensive search strategy was conducted in nine databases/resources. The selection process, methodological quality assessment, and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. The data were synthesized using the meta-aggregation approach, and the results were graded according to ConQual.
A total of 75 findings and 141 illustrations were extracted from the 15 included studies. These findings were aggregated into 12 categories and generated into three synthesized findings: (1) People who are hospitalized conceptualize and attribute importance to involvement in nursing care as an active process of participation and monitoring of care, decision-making, opinion, and partnership; (2) The establishment of a relationship between hospitalized people and nurses, trust, communication, and information are essential for participation in care; (3) People's participation in care is affected by the person's own constraints and preference for assuming a passive role, by barriers associated with a lack of information, the organization of care, the relationship established between nurses, and paternalistic attitudes.
People who were admitted to hospital conceptualized and attached importance to this phenomenon, perceived the conditions necessary to promote it, and the barriers they experienced.
This systematic review provides recommendations for nurses' clinical practice (with grade B). It recommends that nurses should establish a partnership relationship with hospitalized people, through trust, communication and information; give people the opportunity to monitor care, participate in decision-making and give their opinion; assess the person's preferences for involvement and other factors; and that the barriers to this process identified here should be assessed and addressed in each context. As such, this review provides very valuable information for nurses' clinical practice and should also be incorporated into health policy.
Protocol Registration: PROSPERO CRD42024506501.
Postbariatric hypoglycaemia (PBH) is a complex medical condition with a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. The underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We have shown that food ingestion increases IL-1β and subsequently stimulates insulin secretion. We therefore hypothesised that overactivation of the IL-1β pathway could lead to PBH by promoting excessive insulin secretion after a meal. In a proof-of-concept study, we have shown that acute treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra can attenuate PBH after a single liquid mixed meal. This study aims to validate this therapeutic approach over a longer period of time using the long-acting anti-IL-1β antibody canakinumab.
In this prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial, we plan to enrol 62 adult patients after bariatric surgery with frequent, postprandial hypoglycaemia (ie,
The trial was approved by the Cantonal Ethics Committee ‘Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz’ in January 2022 (#2021–02325), as well as by Swissmedic in April 2022 (#701280). Current, approved protocol version 1.3 of 28.03.2023. The study is actively recruiting. Results will be published in a relevant scientific journal and communicated to participants and relevant institutions through dissemination activities. Individual data are accessible on request.
The study is registered with the www.clinicaltrials.gov registry (
by Laís Raquel Ribeiro, Sarah Nascimento Silva, Mell Ferreira Saliba, Janaína de Pina Carvalho, Gláucia Cota
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease that poses a significant public health challenge in Brazil and worldwide. Miltefosine, the only orally administered drug available for CL, was recently incorporated into Brazil’s treatment protocols following recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO) and revisions by national health authorities. While this represents an important advancement, miltefosine is associated with frequent gastrointestinal side effects and potential teratogenic risks, necessitating careful patient eligibility assessments and close clinical monitoring throughout treatment. Furthermore, the absence of national effectiveness data underscores the need for careful monitoring during large-scale implementation. This study, part of a broader implementation monitoring process, seeks to estimate the frequency, intensity, and seriousness of adverse events (AEs) associated with miltefosine. It also aims to identify factors linked to treatment discontinuation during the pilot phase of miltefosine distribution in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Descriptive analyses were performed to present measures of central tendency and dispersion for the variables. Additionally, a multivariate analysis was conducted to explore relationships between explanatory variables and outcomes of interest. Between 2021 and 2023, 77.1% of patients treated with miltefosine experienced at least one AE. The rate of serious AEs related to treatment was 1.3%. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most commonly reported AEs, followed by musculoskeletal manifestations. The most frequent laboratory alteration observed was an increase in serum creatinine, which was significantly associated with hypertension, age, and mucosal involvement of leishmaniasis. No pregnancies were recorded during the implementation period. Early treatment discontinuation rate occurred in 11.8% of cases, with discontinuation associated with age and baseline serum creatinine alterations. Half of the patients required temporary treatment interruptions or irregular dosing, extending the treatment duration beyond the planned 28 days. This pharmacovigilance model provides valuable insights, representing an approach potentially applicable to other neglected disease control programs, especially when introducing new treatment technologies.by Christina Lange Ferreira, Sara Donetto, Hellena Habte-Asres, Jyothish Govindan, Angus Forbes, Kirsty Winkley
AimsTo present a study protocol for the development of an intervention to enhance safe insulin use for older or frail adults undergoing a surgical admission to hospital.
DesignFollowing the United Kingdom’s Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health and Care Research Frameworks for development and evaluation of complex interventions; this qualitative study will use a co-design approach using design thinking, to develop a theoretical model for the intervention.
MethodsNon-participatory observations, interviews and co-design workshops will be conducted with older or frail individuals with diabetes, their caregivers and healthcare staff responsible for their care during surgical admissions at a single National Health Service hospital in England. We will utilise their experiences and perspectives to establish priorities and generate ideas for the development of a conceptual model aimed at supporting the insulin safety review process in hospitals. Data will be analysed using framework analysis. People with diabetes were involved in the design of this study. The protocol was approved by the East-Midlands-Derby Research Ethics Committee (24/EM/0022). Study registered on Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/4wvu5.
ResultsResults of this study will be shared with study participants and disseminated through presentations at conferences/meetings and peer-reviewed publications.
ConclusionThis article outlines the methodology for the planned study which will employ a novel methodology to tackle the problem of hospital insulin safety. Its findings will contribute to a better understanding of the multiple interacting components implicated in hospital insulin use (patient, staff, context) and support further work around system-based strategies to enhance insulin safety resilience in hospital.
Introducción: La pandemia ha debilitado el vínculo entre las personas con hipertensión arterial y/o diabetes mellitus y el sistema de salud. Objetivo: reflexionar sobre los desafíos del manejo de la hipertensión arterial y la diabetes mellitus en la atención primaria de salud en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio teórico-reflexivo, cuya fundamentación se dio mediante la realización de una revisión narrativa de la literatura. La trayectoria teórico-metodológica se estructuró a través de la fenomenología interpretativa. Resultados: La coexistencia de problemas estructurales, operativos y de gestión se encuentran entre las principales razones para la no superación de los desafíos revelados para mantener prácticas de atención efectivas a pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, frente a la pandemia de COVID-19. De los desafíos estructurales enumerados, se destacan la insuficiencia tecnológica, la debilidad de los dispositivos efectivos y los profesionales poco calificados. En el contexto operativo, se destacó el aumento de la demanda de asistencia. Y, en cuanto al manejo, el cribado y seguimiento de estas enfermedades siguen siendo retos a superar. Consideraciones finales: las reflexiones planteadas pueden ser útiles para el establecimiento de procesos de gestión más eficaces, en el contexto de la atención primaria de salud, para la atención dirigida a personas con enfermedades crónicas.
The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and summarize how technology can promote patient participation in the rehabilitation process in hip replacement. We conducted a scoping review following the steps outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The PRISMA Checklist (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) was utilized to systematically organize the gathered information. A thorough search of articles was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases for all publications up to December 2022. Twenty articles were included in this study. Various technologies, such as mobile applications, Web sites, and platforms, offer interactive approaches to facilitate total hip replacement rehabilitation. The analyzed studies were based on the rehabilitation of total hip arthroplasty, which in most of them was developed in mobile applications and Web sites. The studies identified reflect trends in the application of digital health technologies to promote patient engagement in the rehabilitation process and provide risk monitoring and patient education. To demonstrate how interoperable nursing care data can be used by nurses to create a more holistic understanding of the healthcare needs of multiple traumas patients with Impaired Physical Mobility. By proposing and validating linkages for the nursing diagnosis of Impaired Physical Mobility in multiple trauma patients by mapping to the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) equivalent terms using free-text nursing documentation.
A descriptive cross-sectional design, combining quantitative analysis of interoperable data sets and the Kappa's coefficient score with qualitative insights from cross-mapping methodology and nursing professionals' consensus.
Cross-mapping methodology was conducted in a Brazilian Level 1 Trauma Center using de-identified records of adult patients with a confirmed medical diagnosis of multiple traumas and Impaired Physical Mobility (a nursing diagnosis). The hospital nursing free-text records were mapped to NANDA-I, NIC, NOC and NNN linkages were identified. The data records were retrieved for admissions from September to October 2020 and involved medical and nursing records. Three expert nurses evaluated the cross-mapping and linkage results using a 4-point Likert-type scale and Kappa's coefficient.
The de-identified records of 44 patients were evaluated and then were mapped to three NOCs related to nurses care planning: (0001) Endurance; (0204) Immobility Consequences: Physiological, and (0208) Mobility and 13 interventions and 32 interrelated activities: (6486) Environmental Management: Safety; (0840) Positioning; (3200) Aspiration Precautions; (1400) Pain Management; (0940) Traction/Immobilization Care; (3540) Pressure Ulcer Prevention; (3584) Skincare: Topical Treatment; (1100) Nutrition Management; (3660) Wound Care; (1804) Self-Care Assistance: Toileting; (1801) Self-Care Assistance: Bathing/Hygiene; (4130) Fluid Monitoring; and (4200) Intravenous Therapy. The final version of the constructed NNN Linkages identified 37 NOCs and 41 NICs.
These valid NNN linkages for patients with multiple traumas can serve as a valuable resource that enables nurses, who face multiple time constraints, to make informed decisions efficiently. This approach of using evidence-based linkages like the one developed in this research holds high potential for improving patient's safety and outcomes.
In this study, there was no direct involvement of patients, service users, caregivers or public members in the design, conduct, analysis and interpretation of data or preparation of the manuscript. The study focused solely on analysing existing de-identified medical and nursing records to propose and validate linkages for nursing diagnoses.
Introducción: Maria José Bezerra, Maria Soldado, mujer negra nacida en la ciudad de Limeira, São Paulo, heroína y símbolo de la Revolución Constitucionalista de 1932, fue una enfermera de guerra reconocida por su fuerza, valor, patriotismo y abnegación. Objetivo: historiar la trayectoria vital personal y profesional de Maria José Bezerra. Metodología: Investigación biográfica realizada a partir de registros bibliográficos y documentales. Resultados: Maria José Bezerra sirvió como enfermera miembro de la Legión Negra en la Guerra Civil de la Revolución Constitucionalista de 1932, destacando por sus logros, con una contribución activa a la construcción de la historia del país. Conclusión: La invisibilidad negra traduce la injusticia, la incoherencia de los derechos y también los actos que tratan de deshonrar al individuo en sus aspectos individuales y colectivos. El estudio de la trayectoria de esta mujer luchadora se constituye como una estrategia para dar voz, fuerza y sentido a hacer pública la historia de una representante de la población negra, y también debería incluirse en los currículos académicos.
Objetivo principal: Identificar los factores que subyacen al juicio clínico de las enfermeras sobre el empoderamiento del cuidador. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo y exploratorio. Los participantes fueron 10 enfermeras expertas que pertenecían a un grupo que apoya a sus colegas en el diseño de los cuidados apoyados en modelos teóricos y enfermeras expertas en el empoderamiento de los cuidadores, en un hospital universitario. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con grabación de audio. Los datos se analizaron mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados principales: Emergieron tres temas, las enfermeras, los cuidadores y las dificultades y limitaciones, que se subdividieron en ocho subtemas. Se identificaron factores facilitadores, así como limitaciones y dificultades asociadas a la asunción y gestión del rol de cuidador. Conclusión principal: El empoderamiento del cuidador es un proceso complejo, en el que los cuidados de enfermería se centran más en la persona dependiente y menos en el cuidador, lo que demuestra que es un área que requiere mayor atención y conceptualización por parte de las enfermeras.
FreshRSS 