by Hala M. AlOmari, Hanady Bani Hani, Telda Alkhateeb, Dua’ Qutaishat
Background and objectivesTelehealth is the provision of healthcare services remotely via telecommunications technology. The implementation, clinical applications, and perceived effectiveness of telehealth among audiologists across the Arab region, particularly following its accelerated adoption due to the COVID-19 pandemic was investigated.
Materials and methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and June 2024 among 194 audiologists from multiple countries. A non-probability purposive sampling approach was implemented. The respondents were grouped into providers and non-providers of telehealth services. The questionnaire collected data on demographics, service delivery models, telehealth applications, training background, and perceived challenges. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed to identify predictors of teleaudiology adoption.
Results46.9% of the sample reported providing telehealth services. Many of them (69.2%) indicated that they began offering telehealth services following the COVID-19 pandemic. Synchronous delivery was commonly utilised. Younger professionals and those employed in public institutions were more likely to engage in remote service delivery (p Conclusions
The audiologists’ reported perceptions and experiences indicate that teleaudiology remains limited in clinical diagnostic service delivery. Broader integration of teleaudiology practices may benefit from enhanced professional training, the development of standardised guidelines, and investment in technological infrastructure to support access to remote hearing healthcare.
Implantable neuromodulation therapies are offered to patients with certain refractory pain syndromes. These therapies are resource-intensive and effort-intensive and may be associated with significant adverse effects. Change in pain intensity score, an unidimensional measurement tool, is currently the most used eligibility criteria for patients to receive implanted neuromodulation devices. However, pain is a biopsychosocial phenomenon, and assessment of effectiveness of neuromodulation therapies using tools that incorporate multiple pain-related domains may be more relevant and accurate. Composite measures integrate multiple domains of patient well-being, enabling a clinically relevant assessment of treatment effects. This systematic review aims to evaluate the literature on the clinical utility and reliability of composite outcomes as a means to assess efficacy of implantable neuromodulation therapies for refractory pain.
We will search Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the WHO’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Searches will be limited to from inception of each database to 31 December 2025. Studies published in English will be considered eligible if they used composite outcomes to evaluate the efficacy and/or effectiveness of implantable neuromodulation therapies for treating refractory pain. The studies should investigate adult populations (aged ≥18 years) undergoing implantation for chronic refractory pain of moderate-to-severe intensity. Two reviewers will independently screen articles, extract data and review the risk of bias and the grade of evidence provided in the studies. Extracted data will include study details (author, year, country of origin), participant demographics (age, sex), sample sizes and intervention details. Outcome measures include pain intensity, physical health, mental health, quality of life, medication use and neuromodulation device explantation rates. Data will be collected at baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months post-implantation where available. A meta-analysis will be formed if there is sufficient homogeneity in the studies and their data.
As this study is a systematic review using data that has already been published in scientific literature or is publicly available, ethics approval is not required. For dissemination, we plan to share the findings of our review through multiple academic and clinical channels. The completed review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal relevant to pain medicine or neuromodulation.
CRD42025631488.