Conectar
We conducted this study to investigate the effect of evidence-based care on surgical site wound infection after caesarean section. A computerised search of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the use of evidence-based care in caesarean section delivery was applied from the database inception to November 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and performed quality assessment based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata 17.0 software was applied for data analysis. Twenty-one RCTs involving 3269 caesarean sections were finally included. The analysis revealed the implementation of evidence-based nursing interventions was effective in reducing the incidence of post-caesarean section wound infections (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.21–0.39, p < 0.001) and complications (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.23–0.38, p < 0.001) compared with conventional care. This study shows that the application of evidence-based nursing in postoperative caesarean section care can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative wound infection and complications and improve the quality of life, which is worthy of clinical nursing application and promotion.
To investigate the preventive effect of different dressings on pressure injuries related to non-invasive ventilation equipment and to screen the efficacy of dressings. Systematic review and network meta-analysis. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) and Weipu Database (VIP) were used for the search from the date of inception of each database to 15 October 2023. The quality of the data was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Stata 16.0 Software was used to analysis and ranking of different types of dressings. A total of 23 randomized controlled trials on 7 interventions were included in the final analysis. The effectiveness of these in preventing the overall incidence of pressure injuries is ranked from best to worst as follows: hydrogel dressing > foam dressing > petroleum jelly gauze dressing > hydrocolloid dressing > film dressing > clean gauze dressing > sterile gauze. Sixteen studies reported the incidence of Stage I pressure injuries, the effectiveness in preventing the incidence of Stage I pressure injuries was ranked from best to least effective: foam dressing > hydrogel dressing > petroleum jelly gauze dressing > hydrocolloid dressing > film dressing > clean gauze dressing > sterile gauze dressing. Fourteen studies reported the incidence of Stages I/II pressure injuries, the effective in preventing the incidence of Stages I and II pressure injuries was ranked from best to least effective: foam dressing > hydrogel dressing > petroleum jelly gauze dressing > hydrocolloid dressing > clean gauze dressing > sterile gauze dressing. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of different dressings, both hydrogel and foam dressings are effective in preventing pressure injuries related to non-invasive ventilation equipment.
In this study, we explored the use of thermal imaging technology combined with computer vision techniques for assessing surgical incision healing. We processed 1189 thermal images, annotated by experts to define incision boundaries and healing statuses. Using these images, we developed a machine learning model based on YOLOV8, which automates the recognition of incision areas, lesion segmentation and healing classification. The dataset was divided into training, testing and validation sets in a 7:2:1 ratio. Our results show high accuracy rates in incision location recognition, lesion segmentation and healing classification, indicating the model's effectiveness as a precise and automated diagnostic tool for surgical incision healing assessment. Conclusively, our thermal image-based machine learning model demonstrates excellent performance in wound assessment, paving the way for its clinical application in intelligent and standardized wound management.
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of moxibustion on pressure ulcers. A thorough search was performed for articles published from database inception up to 14 December 2023. Randomized controlled trials, which evaluated the effects of moxibustion were included. Finally, 11 relevant trails that enrolled a total of 795 participants met inclusion criteria. The results of meta-analysis suggested beneficial effects of moxibustion for pressure ulcer compared with control on the response rate (RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.13–1.29; p = 0.82; I 2 = 0%), healing time (MD: −5.69; 95% CI: −9.58 to −1.80; p<0.05; I 2 = 97%) and pressure ulcer scale for healing scores (MD: −1.13; 95% CI: −1.36 to −0.89; p = 0.79; I 2 = 0%). The evidence suggests that moxibustion possesses satisfactory efficacy in promoting healing of pressure ulcers. However, due to the small number of trials included in this study, as well as the small sample size and high risk of bias, we were unable to draw firm conclusions about the effectiveness of moxibustion for pressure ulcers.
Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) represent a substantial challenge within the healthcare landscape, thereby necessitating efficacious therapeutic strategies. Exercise has been investigated as a prospective intervention to bolster the management of VLUs. The objective of this comprehensive review is to systematically scrutinize and appraise the extant body of evidence pertaining to the impact of exercise on the treatment of patients diagnosed with VLUs. A comprehensive literature search was executed across multiple databases, encompassing PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. The methodological rigour was evaluated utilizing the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) instrument, while the quality of the evidence was appraised via the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) classification system. The relative efficacy of exercise interventions on outcomes related to VLUs, including rates of wound healing, total range of motion in the ankle joint, and adherence rates, was synthesized. Data were consolidated employing fixed-effects models, and the impact of exercise on these outcomes was visually represented through the use of forest plots. The methodological foundation of this investigation comprised four systematic reviews and meta-analyses, each characterized by an intermediate level of methodological rigour and evidence quality. Subsequent analyses revealed that exercise interventions exert a multifaceted and favourable impact on the therapeutic landscape of VLUs. These interventions distinctly contribute to the enhancement of wound healing rates (risk difference 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–0.28) and the extension of ankle range of motion (mean difference [MD] 6.10, 95% CI: 4.61–7.59). Furthermore, Pooled adherence rate was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.20–2.45) with no significant heterogeneity. In conclusion, although existing evidence supports the positive impact of exercise training on VLUs, higher-quality research is still needed to deepen our understanding of its effects and provide more specific guidance for clinical practice.
This meta-analysis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in enhancing wound recovery in patients experiencing leukopenia following chemotherapy for malignant tumours. A comprehensive search was conducted to collect randomized controlled trials and observational studies focusing on leukopenia post-chemotherapy in malignant tumour patients. Data analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 software. Eleven articles were included, encompassing 957 patients. The meta-analysis revealed that, compared with control groups, patients receiving acupuncture showed a significantly higher total effectiveness rate (p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated superior outcomes in groups receiving acupuncture combined with moxibustion (p < 0.05) and acupuncture combined with Western medicine (p < 0.05), with the former outperforming the latter. Notably, acupuncture was found to improve white blood cell (WBC) counts on 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days post-treatment, with significant differences compared with control groups. These improvements were time dependent and more pronounced than in control groups. Acupuncture demonstrated significant, time-dependent capability to enhance wound recovery in leukopenia following chemotherapy for malignant tumours. The combination of acupuncture and moxibustion was found to be more effective than acupuncture combined with Western medicine. This study highlighted the potential of acupuncture as a complementary therapy in managing chemotherapy-induced leukopenia, contributing positively to the wound healing process in cancer patients.
To compare the predictive properties of the Jackson/Cubbin scale and Waterlow scales in intensive care unit patients. A multi-centre study. This study was conducted between April 2021 and February 2023 in 72 intensive care units of 38 tertiary hospitals in Gansu Province, China. All adults admitted to the intensive care unit for 24 hours or more without pressure injury on admission were screened using the Waterlow scale and Jackson/Cubbin scales in intensive care. Additionally, the negative predictive value, positive predictive value, sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic curve with area under the curve of the Waterlow scale and Cubbin/Jackson scales were determined. The participant population for this study included 6203 patients. Predictive properties for the Jackson/Cubbin scales and Waterlow scales, respectively, were as follows: Cut-off scores, 28 versus 22; AUC, 0.859 versus 0.64; sensitivity, 92.4% versus 51.9%; specificity, 67.26% versus 71.46%; positive predictive value, 35% versus 23%; negative predictive value, 99.9% versus 99.1%. Both Waterlow scales and Jackson/Cubbin scales could predict pressure injury risk for patients in the intensive care unit. However, the Jackson/Cubbin scale demonstrated superior predictive properties than the Waterlow scale.
To evaluate the diagnostic potential of exosome-based circular RNAs (circRNAs) as biomarkers for wound healing in patients after breast cancer surgery, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies that measured exosome-based circRNA levels in breast cancer patients post-surgery. Data sources included several biomedical databases up to April 2023. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed study quality. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratios were synthesized using random-effects model with subgroup analyses performed based on study characteristics. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 1234 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of exosome-based circRNA for detecting wound healing complications were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.77–0.91) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78–0.88), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.90, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. Subgroup analyses revealed that diagnostic performance was consistent across studies of different geographic regions and sample types but indicated potential variability related to patient age and study design. Exosome-based circRNA profiles exhibited the high diagnostic accuracy for monitoring wound healing in breast cancer post-operative care. These findings supported the potential utility of circRNA as non-invasive biomarkers for post-surgical recovery. However, variability among studies suggested the need for standardized protocols in biomarker measurement. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to validate the prognostic value of these biomarkers and investigate their role in personalized patient management.
This study explores the intricate relationship between chronic periodontitis (CP) and its implications for wound healing, particularly in the context of arteriosclerotic occlusion (ASO) in the lower extremities. A cohort of 90 individuals was categorized into three groups: those with CP, those with both CP and ASO (ASO + CP) and a healthy control group. Comprehensive assessments including oral examinations, blood tests and questionnaires were conducted. Key oral health indicators such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal inflammatory surface area (PISA) were evaluated to gauge the severity of periodontal wounds. The study found that the ASO + CP group showed a significantly higher number of missing teeth and increased PD compared to the CP group (p < 0.05). Both CP and ASO + CP groups exhibited elevated PD, BOP and PISA compared to the control group (p < 0.05), indicating exacerbated periodontal wounds. Serum analyses showed heightened total cholesterol (TC) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in the ASO + CP group, suggesting a stronger inflammatory response and potential for atherogenesis. Interestingly, FPG and triglycerides (TG) levels did not significantly vary across groups (p > 0.05). Regression analysis identified PD (β = 2.271, p < 0.001) and PISA (β = 0.027, p = 0.001) as significant predictors for ASO presence in CP patients. The findings underscore the clinical correlation between chronic oral wounds in CP and the development of ASO in lower extremities, highlighting the critical need for integrated management strategies focusing on periodontal health to prevent and manage such complex conditions effectively. Elevated inflammatory markers in the ASO + CP group further reinforce the necessity for vigilant monitoring and targeted interventions in these patients.
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of pressure ulcers. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of acupuncture on pressure ulcers were identified through a comprehensive literature search on public database. The quality assessment of the included trials was performed based on the guidance of the Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook, and pooled analyses were performed by using the RevMan 5.4 software. The pooled results demonstrated that acupuncture in combination with standard wound care was significantly superior to standard wound care alone with regard to effective rate (RR 1.17, 95% CI [1.10, 1.24]), reduction in Wound Size (MD −2.78, 95% CI [−2.43, −1.44]), healing time (MD −6.24, 95% CI [−12.32, −0.17]) and the amount of 24-h exudate (MD −0.86, 95% CI [−1.54, −0.18]). In conclusion, this study suggests that acupuncture can be used as an adjunctive therapy to promote healing of pressure ulcers.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the risk factors for sepsis in patients with trauma and develop a new scoring system for predicting sepsis in patients with trauma based on these risk factors. This will provide a simple and effective early warning method for the rapid and accurate detection and evaluation of the probability of sepsis in patients with trauma to assist in planning timely clinical interventions. We undertook a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 216 patients with trauma who were admitted to the emergency intensive care unit of the emergency medicine department of the Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, China, between November 2017 and October 2022. We conducted a preliminary screening of the relevant factors using univariate logistic regression analysis and included those factors with a p value of <0.075 in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, from which the risk factors were screened and assigned, and obtained a total score, which was the sepsis early warning score. The incidence of sepsis in patients in the intensive care unit with trauma was 36.9%, and the mortality rate due to sepsis was 19.4%. We found statistically significant differences in several factors for patients with sepsis. The risk factors for sepsis in patients with trauma were the activated partial thromboplastin time, the New Injury Severity Score, growth differentiation factor-15 levels, shock, mechanical ventilation and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the sepsis early warning score for predicting sepsis in patients with trauma was 0.725. When the cutoff value of the early warning score was set at 5.0 points, the sensitivity was 69.9% and the specificity was 60.3%. The incidence of sepsis in patients with trauma can be reduced by closely monitoring patients' hemodynamics, implementing adequate fluid resuscitation promptly and by early removal of the catheter to minimize the duration of unnecessary invasive mechanical ventilation. In this study, we found that the use of the sepsis early warning score helped in a more accurate and effective evaluation of the prognosis of patients with trauma.
Facial soft tissue injuries, often resulting in scarring, pose a challenge in reconstructive and aesthetic surgery due to the need for functional and aesthetic restoration. This study evaluates the efficacy of recombinant human growth factors (rhGFs) in scar remodelling for such injuries. A retrospective evaluation was conducted from January 2020 to January 2023, involving 100 patients with facial soft tissue injuries. Participants were divided equally into a control group, receiving standard cosmetic surgical repair, and an observation group, treated with rhGFs supplemented cosmetic surgery. The study assessed scar characteristics (pigmentation, pliability, vascularity, height), hospital stay duration, tissue healing time, complication rates and patient satisfaction. The observation group demonstrated significant improvements in all scar characteristics, with notably better pigmentation, pliability, vascularity and height compared with the control group. The rhGF treatment also resulted in reduced hospital stay duration and faster tissue healing. Notably, the total complication rate was significantly lower in the observation group (10%) compared with the control group (34%). Additionally, patient satisfaction levels were higher in the observation group, with 98% combined satisfaction compared with 76% in the control group. The application of rhGFs in treating facial soft tissue injuries significantly enhances scar remodelling, expedites healing, reduces complications and improves patient satisfaction. These findings establish rhGFs as a valuable tool in the management of facial soft tissue injuries, highlighting their potential in improving both functional and aesthetic outcomes.
This meta-analysis assesses the impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols on surgical site wound infections (SSWIs) in urological procedures. Analysing data from 10 studies, our focus was on SSWI rates on the third and seventh postoperative days. The results reveal a significant reduction in SSWI rates for patients managed under ERAS protocols compared with traditional care. Notably, Figure 4 demonstrates a substantial decrease in SSWI on the third day (I 2 = 93%; random: standardized mean difference [SMD]: −6.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −7.42 to −5.05, p < 0.01), and Figure 5 mirrors this trend on the seventh day (I 2 = 95%; random: SMD: −4.72, 95% CI: −6.28 to −3.16, p < 0.01). These findings underscore the effectiveness of ERAS protocols in minimizing early postoperative wound infections, emphasizing their importance for broader implementation in urological surgeries.
To assess the effect of telemedicine on stoma-related complications in adults with enterostomy, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of the telemedicine group compared to the usual group. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang and VIP databases from their inception up to October 2023. Two authors independently screened and extracted data from the included and excluded literature according to predetermined criteria. Data collected were subjected to meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3 software. The final analysis included a total of 22 articles, encompassing 2237 patients (telemedicine group: 1125 patients, usual group: 1112 patients). The meta-analysis results demonstrated that, compared to the usual group, the telemedicine group significantly reduced the overall occurrence of stoma-related complications, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.22 (95% CI = 0.15–0.32, p < 0.00001). Furthermore, it resulted in a decrease in stoma complications (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.15–0.47, p < 0.00001) and peristomal complications (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.19–0.34, p < 0.00001). Therefore, the existing evidence suggests that the application of telemedicine can reduce the incidence of stoma and peristomal complications, making it a valuable clinical recommendation.
The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the effects of quality nursing on wound infections and postoperative complications in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. Computerised searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases were conducted from database inception to October 2023 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of quality nursing to patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. The studies were screened and evaluated by two researchers based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted from the included studies. Stata software (version 17.0) was used for all analyses performed. A total of 18 RCTs and 1742 patients were included, including 972 in the quality nursing group and 870 in the routine nursing group. The analysis revealed that compared with routine nursing, patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery who received quality nursing care were significantly less likely to experience postoperative wound infections (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.19–0.51, p < 0.001) and complications (OR = 0.24. 95% CI: 0.17–0.33, p < 0.001). The implementation of quality nursing in clinical care after cardiothoracic surgery can effectively reduce the incidence of wound infections and postoperative complications, and is worthy of promotion and clinical application.
Chloasma, which is distinguished by irregularities in the pigmentation of skin, poses substantial challenge in the field of dermatology. The regulatory influence of vitamin D on the functions of skin cells implies that it may have the capacity to effectively treat chloasma and promote wound healing. To assess the efficacy of vitamin D in chloasma treatment and its impact on the function of skin barrier during the process of wound healing. The research spanned from April 2022 to September 2023, in Shanghai, China, examined 480 individuals who had been diagnosed with chloasma. A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was utilized to evaluate effectiveness of topical vitamin D3 in treatment of chloasma. Concurrently, randomized control trial investigated the effects of ingested vitamin D3 supplements on the process of wound healing. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), chloasma severity score changes, wound size reduction and skin hydration levels were critical performance indicators. Statistically, the severity scores of chloasma decreased significantly in the vitamin D treatment group at 3 and 6 months compared with the placebo (p < 0.05). The Vitamin D group exhibited superior wound healing outcomes, including more substantial reduction in lesion size and enhanced skin barrier function, as evidenced by increased skin hydration and decreased TEWL (p < 0.05). Vitamin D substantially mitigated the severity of chloasma and has beneficial effect on wound healing and integrity of the skin barrier. Based on the results obtained, vitamin D exhibited promise as a therapeutic intervention in the field of dermatology, specifically in treatment of chloasma and promotion of wound recovery.
A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted from 2022 to 2023 at a hospital specializing in Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shanghai. A total of 564 participants were allocated into control and intervention groups in order to determine the effectiveness of Shujing Tongdu massage on patients with chronic lesions or spinal disorders. No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics between the groups; age, gender and condition type were all distributed in a comparable manner. Following the implementation of Shujing Tongdu massage therapy twice weekly for the duration of 12 weeks, intervention group exhibited noteworthy enhancements. Significantly, rate of lesion healing achieved in the intervention group increased by 30%, while it merely improved by 10% in the control group. The intervention group exhibited decrease in pain intensity from 6.5 to 4.2, whereas control group demonstrated comparatively smaller reduction from 6.7 to 6.0. Range of motion in the intervention group increased substantially from 45 to 60 degrees, whereas it increased from 44 to 46 degrees in the control group. In the intervention group, Quality of Life scores increased from 50 to 75, exceeding the increase of 58 in the control group. There was significant rise in the Mental Well-being Index for intervention group, from 60 to 80, in contrast to rise of 64 from 62 in the control group. Statistically significant outcomes were determined, establishing the massage therapy's efficacy. Mild discomfort and muscle soreness were the most frequent adverse effects in the intervention group, whereas vertigo was more prevalent in the control group. Based on the findings of this research, Shujing Tongdu massage therapy effectively promoted wound healing and mitigated symptoms associated with spinal disorders, indicating its potential as the supplementary therapeutic modality in clinical environments.
We conducted this study to assess the effect of ultrasound osteotome on surgical site wound infection and pain following removal of mandibular wisdom teeth. A computerised search of Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for publicly available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the clinical effects of applying ultrasound osteotome to extract mandibular wisdom teeth was conducted from the inception of the databases to September 2023. Two researchers independently screened the retrieved results for literature screening, quality assessment and data extraction. RevMan 5.4 software was applied for data analysis. A total of 17 RCTs were included in this study, including 848 cases in the ultrasound osteotome group and 842 cases in the control group. The analysis revealed, compared with the control group, the ultrasound osteotome group showed a significantly lower incidence of postoperative wound infection (1.42% vs. 5.46%, odds ratio [OR]: 0.30, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.17–0.53, p < 0.0001), fewer postoperative complications (6.35% vs. 22.12%, OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.17–0.32, p < 0.00001), shorter operative time (standardised mean differences [SMD]: −1.30, 95% CI: −1.97 to −0.64, p = 0.0001) and lower wound pain scores (SMD: −2.26 95% CI −2.80 to −1.73, p < 0.00001). Strong evidence suggests that ultrasound osteotome applied to extract mandibular wisdom teeth is more advantageous in terms of lower postoperative wound infection, less wound pain, fewer postoperative complications and shorter operative time compared with conventional treatment methods, but large-scale, multicentre RCTs are still needed to obtain more accurate results.
Dressing change is the most important part of postoperative wound care. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a more effective, simple and less painful method of dressing change for anal fistulas could be found without the need for debridement and packing. Data related to postoperative recovery were recorded at postoperative days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 180.
In this experiment, 76 subjects diagnosed with high anal fistula were randomly divided into a simplified dressing change (SDC) group and a traditional debridement dressing change(TDDC) group according to a ratio of 1:1.
The SDC group had significantly fewer pain scores, bleeding rates, dressing change times, inpatient days and lower average inpatient costs than the TDDC group. There were no significant differences in wound healing time, area and depth and Wexner score between the two groups.
Studies have shown that the use of simplified dressing changes does not affect cure or recurrence rates, but significantly reduces dressing change times and pain during changes, reducing patient inpatient length of stay and costs.
Pathological scarring resulting from traumas and wounds, such as hypertrophic scars and keloids, pose significant aesthetic, functional and psychological challenges. This study provides a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of these conditions, aiming to illuminate underlying molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. We employed a co-expression and module analysis tool to identify significant gene clusters associated with distinct pathophysiological processes and mechanisms, notably lipid metabolism, sebum production, cellular energy metabolism and skin barrier function. This examination yielded critical insights into several skin conditions including folliculitis, skin fibrosis, fibrosarcoma and congenital ichthyosis. Particular attention was paid to Module Cluster (MCluster) 3, encompassing genes like BLK, TRPV1 and GABRD, all displaying high expression and potential implications in immune modulation. Preliminary immunohistochemistry validation supported these findings, showing elevated expression of these genes in non-fibrotic samples rich in immune activity. The complex interplay of different cell types in scar formation, such as fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, keratinocytes and mast cells, was also explored, revealing promising therapeutic strategies. This study underscores the promise of targeted gene therapy for pathological scars, paving the way for more personalised therapeutic approaches. The results necessitate further research to fully ascertain the roles of these identified genes and pathways in skin disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutics. Nonetheless, our work forms a strong foundation for a new era of personalised medicine for patients suffering from pathological scarring.
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