Most clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for assessing and managing people’s chronic pain focus on specific pain conditions, body sites or life course stages. This creates complexity for clinicians making care choices in the absence of a diagnosis and/or where a person experiences more than one pain condition. Specific to this context is the ICD-11 classification of chronic primary pain where an experience of pain cannot be better accounted for by another condition. CPGs for chronic primary pain, agnostic to condition or body part, may support clinicians towards best pain care since many of the principles of person-centred chronic pain care are transdiagnostic. The two aims of this systematic review are to (1) identify and appraise CPGs for chronic primary pain, relevant across the life course and (2) map the CPG content against a pain care priority framework to evaluate the extent to which the CPG content aligns with the priorities of people with lived chronic pain experience.

We will systematically search nine scholarly databases, the Epistemonikos database and international and national guidelines clearinghouses. CPGs published within 2015–2025, in any language, that offer recommendations about assessment and/or management of chronic primary pain for people of any age, excluding hospitalised inpatients or institutionalised populations, will be included. Pairs of reviewers will independently screen citations for eligibility and appraise CPG quality and implementation potential using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE)-II and the AGREE-Recommendations Excellence tools, respectively. Data extraction will include the citation and scope characteristics of each CPG, methods used to develop recommendations, verbatim recommendations, guiding principles or practice information and narrative excerpts related to the GRADE Evidence-to-Decision (EtD) considerations (or equivalent). We will use the PROGRESS-PLUS framework as a checklist to identify whether determinants of health equity were considered by guideline developers. CPG recommendations will be organised according to common topics and categorised in a matrix according to strength and direction. Qualitative content analysis will be used to synthesise excerpts relating to GRADE EtD considerations (or equivalent), and we will map extracted data against an established chronic pain care priority framework to determine the extent to which the CPGs align with values and preferences of people with lived experience. Interpretation will be informed by an interdisciplinary Advisory Group, including lived experience partners.

Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review. Results will be disseminated through publication in an open-access peer-reviewed journal, through professional societies, and integrated into education curricula and public-facing resources. Reporting will be consistent with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement.

CRD420251000482.

To examine the socioeconomic inequalities in overweight-obesity and their changes in two decades, among young adult women aged 18–29 years in Nepal.

Cross-sectional study based on Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2001 and 2022.

Nepal.

Data of young adult women aged 18–29 years were included for the study.

Socioeconomic inequalities in education, occupation and household wealth were analysed through regression-based inequality indices: the Relative Index of Inequality, the Slope Index of Inequality and the Concentration Index. A concentration curve was constructed to evaluate whether overweight-obesity skewed towards poverty or wealth.

We found an increase in the prevalence of overweight-obesity prevalence between 2001 (3.99%) and 2022 (15.45%), mostly in the oldest group (25–29 years), and among Janajati and rural residents. Socioeconomic gradients favoured wealthier, educated and employed women. A downward shift in wealth status was initially associated with a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity among women, but over time, it became linked to a higher prevalence.

The social gradient of overweight-obesity from 2001 to 2022 favoured women with higher socioeconomic status, and this shows a decreasing trend.