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This study aimed to assess the psychological outcomes of family members of patients who were resuscitated in the Emergency Department (ED) and analyse factors associated with these outcomes.
This study utilised a cross-sectional design
Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire sent to family members of patients who had undergone resuscitation in the ED from February 2024 to January 2025. Instruments for data collection included The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the short version of The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 items (DASS-21), the Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) and questions related to demographic variables and the resuscitation event.
A total of 106 family members completed the questionnaire. Of this, 64.2% (n = 68) reported witnessing the resuscitation attempt, and 35.8% (n = 38) did not witness the event. Family members who witnessed the resuscitation displayed more symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), measured by the IES-R, compared to those who did not witness the event. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the IES-R and the MQLI scores, indicating that higher PTSD symptoms correlate with lower quality of life (QoL) ratings.
The findings of this study indicated that witnessing the resuscitation of a loved one in the ED is associated with increased PTSD symptoms.
Patients' and family members' cultural and religious needs should be acknowledged by the health care providers. Study findings indicate that family members prefer to be with the patient during the patient's resuscitation. However, without adequate support from hospital staff, this experience may cause adverse psychological effects. Strategies to support family members during and after resuscitation should be developed and integrated into the management of in-hospital resuscitation.
This study followed the STROBE guidelines.
No patient or public contribution.
To assess the quality of amoxicillin products in Indonesia’s private market by surveying the range of products available across different areas, followed by product sampling and laboratory testing.
A cross-sectional survey employing mystery shoppers to purposively sample the widest possible range of amoxicillin products available to patients across different areas in Indonesia.
Licensed and unlicensed medicine outlets in remote, rural and urban areas and online.
Amoxicillin products that are sold to patients as oral solid and dry liquid formulations.
Quality of amoxicillin products, assessed using compendial testing of active pharmaceutical ingredient content and dissolution. Samples that failed any quality test were classified as substandard or out-of-specification (OOS). The raw prevalence of substandard amoxicillin was adjusted based on the national market volume of each product variant.
We surveyed 476 outlets, mostly pharmacies (68.5%), websites (19.7%) and drug stores (10.9%). Among the 120 collected samples, there were 59 distinct products, collectively representing 95% of the estimated market volume for oral solid products and 65% for dry syrups. 12 out of 110 oral solid samples tested OOS (10.9%), as did 3 out of 10 dry syrups (30%). The samples that failed originated from various areas and types of outlets. We found no relation between the price and quality of amoxicillin.
The oral solid amoxicillin products that tested OOS represent an estimated 12.7% of the national market volume. We found no relation between the price and quality of amoxicillin. Combining product-variety sampling with data on market volume presents a promising approach to gain insight into the prevalence of poor-quality medical products using a relatively small sample size.
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