To identify socio-demographic subgroups of adolescents through cluster analysis and examine the extent to which these clusters are associated with depression.

This cross-sectional study used cluster analysis and logistic regression.

The Indonesian Health Survey 2023 is a nationally representative survey of Indonesia.

A total of 89,866 adolescents aged 15–24 years were included.

Depression was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Logistic regression models were applied to estimate the association between cluster membership and depression risk, adjusting for behavioural factors (smoking and alcohol use), and geographical distribution.

Five discrete socio-demographic clusters were identified in this study. Two clusters showed a significantly elevated risk of depression compared with the socioeconomically disadvantaged rural male cluster (Cluster 1). Cluster 2 (older, poor, rural females) had an OR 1.58 (95% CI 1.18 to 2.12), while Cluster 3 (younger, urban, affluent females) had an OR 2.60 (95% CI 1.92 to 3.52).

Adolescent depression risk factors are shaped by intersecting socio-demographic vulnerabilities, particularly among females in disadvantaged rural and socioeconomically privileged urban settings. Gender-responsive and context-specific mental health interventions are required.

To examine chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence, incidence, prognosis, kidney function decline and associated risk factors among people with diabetes and/or hypertension.

Cross-sectional multicentre study.

14 primary care centres across Jakarta.

Adults (≥18 years) with diabetes and/or hypertension were included. Exclusion criteria were receiving kidney replacement therapy, language barrier, cognitive impairments, refusal to consent and pregnancy. Participants were grouped into three categories: hypertension only, diabetes only and both.

None.

Primary outcomes included CKD prevalence, incidence, number-needed-to-screen, KDIGO-based prognosis and annual kidney function decline. Secondary outcomes were risk factors for CKD, uncontrolled blood glucose, blood pressure and albuminuria.

A total of 1263 participants were enrolled: 51% had hypertension, 17.6% diabetes and 31.4% both. Mean age: 57.1±10.2 years, 72.2% female and 76% obese. Renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors were prescribed in 32.3%, and only 1.2% used insulin despite a median glycated haemoglobin of 7.5% (IQR: 6.5–9.1). CKD prevalence was 14.8%, with an incidence rate of 9.1 per 100 person-years; number-needed-to-screen was 7. Based on KDIGO criteria, 48.9% were at moderate-to-very high risk of adverse outcomes. Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was 80.9 (SE=10.1), declining by 4.7 (SE=9.9) mL/min/1.73 m² annually. CKD incidence was higher with albuminuria (OR 3.6, p=0.007) in the combined group; older age (OR 4.5, p

CKD burden is high among people with diabetes and hypertension. Nearly half were at elevated risk despite preserved kidney function, highlighting the need for targeted early screening.