Older people living in care homes are at increased risk of harm during acute hospital admissions. In England, care home residents have more than twice as many emergency department (ED) attendances as people of the same age living at home. Up to 40% of emergency hospital admissions of older care home residents may be avoidable with different models of care within their homes.

In 2023, National Health Service England introduced the updated Enhanced Health in Care Homes (EHCH) framework, a set of recommendations to support ‘joined up’ and enhanced care for people living in care homes. A stated aim of the framework is to reduce ED attendances and inpatient admissions of residents. There is limited available evidence regarding how implementation of the EHCH framework differs regionally and whether variation in implementation may impact on hospitalisations of care home residents.

We aim to explore regional differences in care elements developed from the EHCH framework and assess how these differences may contribute to variation in hospitalisations of care home residents over the age of 65.

This is a comparative qualitative case study of six care home-containing postcode districts in England embedded within three Integrated Care Boards (ICBs). ICBs are regional organisations responsible for commissioning healthcare services in England. Case study districts and ICBs were selected due to contrasting case-mix adjusted admission rates and other characteristics (eg, deprivation). Data will be collected through semistructured interviews. We will interview health and social care professionals who are responsible for commissioning, overseeing and delivering enhanced care in care homes, care home professionals, residents over the age of 65 and their family and friends. Interview data will be analysed through a framework approach, with comparisons drawn within cases, across cases and across ICBs. Through our analysis, we will characterise the EHCH framework care elements and identify differences in implementation that may cause variation in hospital admissions. We will also identify perceived appropriate, effective and replicable enhanced care models.

Patients and the public have informed the design of this study, and will advise the research practice, support the analysis of data and guide dissemination plans.

This study has received Social Care Research Ethics and Health Research Authority Approval (25/IEC08/0014). All participants will be required to provide informed consent. The findings will inform a national survey of ICBs to map appropriate and effective enhanced care in England. Findings will be shared with key stakeholders and academic audiences.