Adolescents are a vulnerable group as they undergo rapid physical changes that can impact their nutritional status. Despite the implementation of some interventions addressing adolescent nutrition in Senegal, there remains a lack of comprehensive data on their nutritional status. This study aimed to assess nutritional status and associated factors among Senegalese adolescents aged 10–19 years.

This cross-sectional study was part of the national food consumption survey, which was conducted among children aged 24–59 months, adolescents aged 10–19 years and adults aged 20 years and older.

The study was conducted in Senegal at the national level, in rural and urban areas, from July to November 2021.

1433 adolescents, boys and girls aged 10–19 years were randomly selected from 1800 households in 150 census districts.

Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index for age z-score and waist-to-height ratio through anthropometric measurements. Dietary practices, health and socioeconomic and sociodemographic data were collected using questionnaires. Data were weighted for representativeness and logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with underweight, overweight and obesity.

Among the 1433 adolescents, one in five (21.7%) were underweight, 5.9% were overweight, 1.8% had obesity and 5% had abdominal obesity. Male gender (OR=1.74; p

Underweight is high in Senegalese adolescents, particularly in rural areas and among boys and adolescents aged 10–14 years. Overweight and abdominal obesity among girls and urban adolescents require particular attention. Tackling the double burden of malnutrition in Senegalese adolescents requires a greater consideration of adolescents in policies and strategies, including the implementation of a malnutrition management programme as well as the promotion of healthy diets.

Admission to a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) following major surgery is associated with a number of discomforts, not only related to the disease itself but also to the care provided or the ICU environment itself (lights, sounds, pain, sleep deprivation, thirst, etc). This discomfort is real and can be associated with psychological consequences. We hypothesised that the use of immersive virtual reality (IVR) with HypnoVR is feasible and can help reduce discomfort in intensive care.

The ZION trial is a prospective, monocentric trial randomising 194 patients admitted to a surgical ICU after a major surgery. The inclusion criterion is patients admitted to a surgical ICU for at least 48 hours following major surgery (cardiac, thoracic or major abdominal surgery). Patients will be allocated to the intervention group (n=97) or the control group (n=97). In the intervention group, patients will receive IVR using HypnoVR two times a day during the ICU stay (2–5 days). In the control group, postoperative care will be conducted according to standard care without IVR. The primary endpoint will be the 18-item IPREA (Inconforts des Patients de REAnimation) questionnaire on the day of ICU discharge. The secondary endpoints will include intensity of discomfort symptoms (anxiety, pain, dyspnoea, thirst and sleep deprivation); the 18-Item IPREA Questionnaire assessed daily from randomisation to the V1 follow-up visit (ICU discharge); incidence of delirium; cumulative morphine consumption at ICU discharge; length of ICU stay and anxiety or depression at 1 month after discharge from intensive care and patient experience of device use.

Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board of the University Hospital of Amiens (Registration number ID: 2024-A01528-39) in January 2025.

NCT06830369.