Conectar
by Lateef Oluwatoyin Busari, Zarat Oyindamola Iwalewa, Olabanji Ahmed Surakat, Adedapo Olufemi Adeogun, Akinlabi Mohammad Rufai, Kamilu Ayo Fasasi, Monsuru Adebayo Adeleke
Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors remains a global public health problem; however, little is known about resistance levels in Osun State, despite relatively high rates of malaria and distribution of insecticide-treated nets in the area. This study evaluates the resistance status of adult female Anopheles gambiae s.l to pyrethroids (permethrin, deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin) and an organophosphate (pirimiphos-methyl) insecticides and knockdown resistant (KDR) gene detection in six locations (Ido-Osun, Ipetumodu, Inisa, Ejigbo, Ijebu-Jesha and Ila) across the three senatorial districts in Osun State, Nigeria. Larval sampling was done between 0700hr and 1100hrs weekly between January and December 2022. Collected larvae were reared to the adult stage in the Department of Animal and Environmental Biology laboratory of Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria and then identified morphologically using morphological keys. Insecticide bioassay was conducted with permethrin (0.75%), deltamethrin (0.05%), alpha-cypermethrin (0.05%) and pirimiphos-methyl (0.25%) using WHO procedure. The mosquitoes were subjected to molecular analysis to detect the KDR gene. Pirimiphos-methyl showed significantly higher knockdown at 60 minutes (KD60) and achieved 100% mortality compared with the pyrethroids tested (p Anopheles gambiae s.l as compared to pyrethroids. Therefore, there is a need to intensify insecticide resistance surveillance of Anopheles in Osun State to plan indoor residual spraying with pirimiphos-methyl and explore the use of PBO or dual active ingredient insecticides treated nets (ITNs) to address the potential impacts of pyrethroid resistance.Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an emerging public health concern in low and middle-income countries, including Nigeria, because of the associated pregnancy complications, increased healthcare costs and long-term health sequelae among women of reproductive age and their offspring. We determined the cumulative incidence, risk factors and pregnancy outcomes of GDM in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Prospective cohort study.
Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria.
721 pregnant women from the Ibadan Pregnancy Cohort Study participated in the one-step 75 g-oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks’ gestation.
The primary outcome of the study is the cumulative incidence of GDM. GDM was diagnosed according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Secondary outcomes were pregnancy outcomes, which included modes of delivery (CS, spontaneous vaginal delivery), macrosomia (birth weight ≥4.0 kg), gestational age at delivery and birth asphyxia. The risk factors (exposures) examined included sociodemographic, obstetric, clinical, behavioural and lifestyle factors. Bivariate and multivariate Log-binomial regression models were used to identify the independent risk factors of GDM (adjusted for maternal age ≥35 years, income, maternal body mass index, history of pregnancy loss and congenital anomaly) and the associated pregnancy outcomes of GDM (adjusted for maternal age, income and maternal body mass index). Adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% CI, used to assess the strength of associations, were reported.
The cumulative incidence of GDM was 20.7%, 95% CI (17.9% to 23.9%). The mean time for the diagnosis of GDM is 25.4±1.42 weeks of gestation. After adjusting for other variables, maternal age ≥35 years: (aRR: 1.48). 95% CI (1.07 to 1.97) p=0.016), maternal obesity (aRR: 1.85, 95% CI (1.26 to 2.30) p=0.002) and a previous history of congenital anomaly (aRR: 2.83, 95% CI (1.97 to 4.07) p
The cumulative incidence of GDM is high among pregnant women in Ibadan. Maternal age ≥35 years, maternal obesity and a history of congenital anomaly were significant independent risk factors for GDM. These factors should be targeted for public health interventions, including lifestyle modification among pregnant women with obesity and early screening and diagnosis of GDM.
FreshRSS 