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Ayer — Diciembre 16th 2025Evidence-Based Nursing

What is an interpretative phenomenological analysis case study?

Por: Rodger · D. · Smith · J. A.
What is an interpretative phenomenological analysis case study?

Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a widely recognised and well-established method of qualitative inquiry designed to explore personal experience in detail, focusing on participants’ understandings and sense-making.1 In this article, we explain what distinguishes an IPA case study from a typical IPA study and highlight the strengths and limitations of this approach. While IPA is frequently used with small samples, single-participant IPA case studies can offer unique insights into deeply personal or rare experiences.

An overview of IPA

IPA was developed in the mid-1990s by Jonathan Smith and emerged out of health psychology, and since the early 2000s has increasingly been adopted by nursing and health researchers more generally. At the time of writing, a Google Scholar search of the terms ‘interpretative phenomenological analysis’ and ‘nursing’ yielded more than 35 000 results. IPA is primarily interested in undertaking...
AnteayerEvidence-Based Nursing

Using artificial intelligence in health research

Por: Rodger · D. · OConnor · S.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is now widely accessible and already being used by healthcare researchers throughout various stages in the research process, such as assisting with systematic reviews, supporting data collection, facilitating data analysis and drafting manuscripts for publication.1 The most common AI tools used are forms of generative AI such as ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini. Generative AI is a type of AI that can generate human-like text, audio, videos, code and images based on text-based prompts inputted by a human user. Generative AI is trained on large amounts of data, and the outputs are sophisticated and can be indistinguishable from a response from a skilled human.2 In this article, we outline several AI applications that can be used in healthcare research, examining their benefits, limitations and outline best practices for maintaining research integrity and ethical standards.

Benefits and capabilities of AI

There are several...
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