Conectar
by Yeshwas Abite Workneh, Desye Melese Sisay, Abebaw Fekadu, Abraham Tesfaye Bika, Alemu Tekewe Mogus, Tesfaye Sisay Tessema
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) contributes substantially to liver cancer, related mortality, and liver transplantation worldwide. The small hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), particularly its major hydrophilic region (MHR) and the “a” determinant, is the primary target of serological diagnostics. However, escape mutant amino acid variants (EMAVs) within this region may reduce diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. In this study, publicly available HBsAg sequences were analyzed to determine the prevalence of EMAVs circulating in Ethiopia. We computationally designed three region-specific recombinant antigens (MeRPYS1, MeRPYS2, and MeRPYS3) by incorporating both wild-type and prevalent EMAV sequences. Linear and conformational B-cell epitopes, as well as T helper cell epitopes, were predicted for each antigen. Homology analyses were also performed to assess similarity to host proteins. Secondary and tertiary structures of the antigens were predicted to generate theoretical molecular models. Molecular docking analyses were performed to explore putative interaction patterns between each designed antigen and an anti-HBsAg-specific antibody. The predicted antigen–antibody complexes were further examined using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to assess their theoretical stability and behavior over time. The resulting simulations provide predictive computational insights into possible antigenic features and interaction tendencies of the designed constructs. These findings are intended to generate testable hypotheses and should be interpreted cautiously, as the study is limited to in silico analyses and requires experimental validation.by Mesfin Abebe, Yordanos Sisay Asgedom, Amanuel Yosef Gebrekidan, Tsion Mulat Tebeje
BackgroundBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women globally and a significant public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, which accounts for approximately 15% of all cancer-related mortality. In sub-Saharan Africa, breast cancer incidences increased by 247% from 1990 to 2019. In Lesotho, breast cancer is the second most common cancer affecting women, a situation worsened by a fragile healthcare system and low screening rates. Despite its high morbidity and mortality, there is limited understanding of the factors influencing breast cancer screening among women of reproductive age. This study aims to identify these factors by utilizing the newly released Lesotho DHS dataset and the Anderson Behavioral Model.
MethodsThis study utilized a cross-sectional design with data from the recent Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey (LDHS), which employed a stratified two-stage sampling method across 400 Enumeration Areas and 9,976 households. This analysis included a weighted sample of 6,413 reproductive-age women (15–49 years) to determine factors of breast cancer screening. The predisposing, enabling, and need factors were examined using the Andersen Behavioral Model. Stata version 16 was used for a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model. Results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals, and a P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
ResultsThe prevalence of breast cancer screening among women of reproductive age in Lesotho was 22.20% (95% CI 21.19–23.23). Significant factors included age 25–34 (AOR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.26–1.88), age 35–49 (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.71–2.58), healthcare facility visits in the past 12 months (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.26–1.71), health insurance coverage (AOR = 1.86; 95% CI 1.36–2.53), high media exposure (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.01–2.52), contraceptive use (AOR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.03–1.37), and parity: multiparous (AOR = 2.29; 95% CI 1.84–2.85) and grand multiparous (AOR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.16–2.40).
ConclusionThis finding that 22.2% of reproductive age women in Lesotho underwent breast cancer screening highlights a pressing gap in preventive health efforts. The Andersen Behavioral Model underscores key determinants that significantly influence breast cancer screening uptake in our study. Significant factors included age, healthcare facility visits, health insurance coverage, media exposure, contraceptive usage, and parity. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions that address model-based determinants to improve breast cancer screening uptake.
Antenatal care (ANC) is a critical component for improving maternal and newborn health. It provides a platform for essential healthcare services, including health promotion, screening and diagnosis, injury and disease prevention, birth preparedness and preparation for the postnatal period. By implementing timely and appropriate evidence-based practices, ANC can reduce maternal and child morbidity and mortality and optimise overall health and well-being.
To assess the magnitude of utilisation of ANC with eight or more contacts and its associated factors among pregnant women attending ANC in Yayo District, 2023.
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 301 randomly selected pregnant women attending ANC follow-up in selected health facilities in Yayo District, Southwest Ethiopia, from 1 June 2023 to 30 June 2023. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were coded and entered into Epi Data V.4.6 and then exported to SPSS V.26 for descriptive and inferential analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted. Adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI was estimated to assess the strength of associations. A p value
A total of 298 pregnant women participated in the study, yielding a response rate of 99%. Most of the pregnant women, 139 (46.6%), were housewives, and the majority, 248 (83.2%), were married. Adequate utilisation of ANC with eight or more contacts was found to be 7.7%. Factors significantly associated with ANC 8+ contacts utilisation include previous pregnancy-related complications (AOR 5.238 (95% CI 1.004 to 27.31)) and early initiation of ANC (AOR 29.09 (95% CI 8.87 to 95.3)).
The magnitude of ANC 8+ contacts utilisation was remarkably low in the study area. Therefore, greater investment is needed to promote the new ANC approach, emphasising ANC 8+ contacts. Special attention should be given to mobilising mothers to initiate ANC before 12 weeks of gestation to reduce the risk of complications and ensure maximum utilisation of ANC 8+ contacts.
FreshRSS 