Global health initiatives (GHIs) have played a significant role in expanding access to healthcare worldwide, particularly in maternal health. For instance, many regions in sub-Saharan Africa have seen a notable rise in the availability of skilled birth attendants. However, despite these gains in access, maternal mortality rates in low-income and middle-income countries within the African Region remain alarmingly high. Although GHIs have invested heavily in maternal health, there is limited evidence regarding their effects on the quality of maternal healthcare, an essential factor influencing maternal outcomes. The WHO has developed quality standards for maternal and newborn care to guide all stakeholders in delivery of care for mothers. These include evidence-based practices for managing childbirth complications, efficient health information systems, appropriate referral mechanisms, respectful and dignified treatment of patients, emotional support, well-trained and motivated healthcare providers and a conducive physical environment. These standards serve as a framework for improving and assessing the quality of maternal and newborn services. Despite significant funding and technical guidance aimed at enhancing care quality, there remains a lack of robust data on how GHIs have influenced the quality of maternal health services. To address this evidence gap, we conducted a scoping review to gather and analyse existing evidence on the effects of GHIs on maternal care quality in Sub-Saharan Africa. This report presents the findings from that review.

This study followed the enhanced six-stage framework for scoping reviews developed by Arksey and O’Malley. We included both peer-reviewed and grey literature such as reports and policy documents that addressed the impact of GHIs on maternal health services in sub-Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2024. Sources in all languages were considered. A defined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria guided the screening process. The selected studies underwent qualitative synthesis and descriptive analysis and were visually represented where appropriate. This review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.

The search yielded only five quantitative studies, depicting the limited evidence on this critical subject. The studies showed that GHIs had varied effects on quality of care for mothers. These effects included improved readiness of facilities to provide care, improved prenatal-postnatal processes, increased provider knowledge, active management of labour and a decrease in mortality rates in some instances such as Uganda and Zambia. However, there was limited or no improvement in clinical practices, patient experiences and satisfaction with care. Additionally, the studies did not focus on the multidimensional aspects of quality of care as guided by WHO’s comprehensive standards for quality of maternal health services, highlighting a major gap identified throughout this review.

While the limited studies available showed some improvements in specific care quality indicators, there remain significant gaps in the knowledge around how GHIs affect care quality comprehensively. Additionally, the identified studies highlighted significant challenges as a key gap to achieving the intended outcomes and sustaining the gains made during programme implementation. To have a more in-depth understanding of GHIs and their impact on quality of care, it is important to align programme implementation and assessments with comprehensive frameworks such as WHO’s multidimensional quality model. Further, there is a need to adopt iterative, context-sensitive interventions that provide a comprehensive approach to quality of care. The information gathered will be used to inform subsequent studies on the effects of GHIs on quality of care of maternal health services in Uganda and contribute to the development of maternal healthcare policies.

Older adults are particularly vulnerable to climate-related stressors such as extreme heat, food and water insecurity and displacement, all of which can worsen existing health conditions. This is further compounded by age-related physiological changes, pre-existing health conditions and social factors like isolation and limited mobility. With a growing population of older adults in low-income and middle-income countries, their vulnerability to climate change becomes a critical global public health issue and yet is understudied and needs urgent and comprehensive action. This study aims to investigate how climate seasonality impacts the health, well-being and socioeconomic conditions of older adults in rural communities of Kenya.

This formative qualitative study will use a combination of 40 in-depth interviews with older adults and key informant interviews with 20 health workers and 12 policy-makers to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of climate seasonality on the health, well-being and socioeconomic conditions of older adults in rural communities of Busia and Kilifi Counties in Kenya. These counties were selected for the study due to their history of significant flooding and heat stress events. Study participants will be purposively selected for the interviews. A thematic approach will be employed in data analysis using NVivo V.14 software.

This study received ethical approval from the Medical College of Wisconsin Institutional Review Board, Institutional Scientific Ethics Review Committee at Africa International University and National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation, Kenya. The study outputs will reflect the views and experiences of older adults, health workers and policy-makers. The findings will be disseminated to the scientific community through conferences and peer-reviewed publications and to the older adults, health workers, communities and policy-makers through videos and dissemination meetings, and policy briefs. The findings will deepen understanding of how climate seasonality is experienced by older people and shape strategies for resilience and adaptation.