Academic medical careers remain marked by persistent gender inequalities, despite the growing feminisation of the medical workforce. The objective of this study was to examine whether gender differences exist in key individual and institutional determinants of academic medical career aspirations among medical residents, including research motivation, mentoring, work centrality, self-efficacy, perceived discrimination and stress.

This was a national cross-sectional online survey.

Multicentre study conducted across 36 medical schools in France.

A total of 1570 medical residents (997 women and 573 men) voluntarily participated between November 2022 and February 2023. All participants completed validated self-report questionnaires. There were no exclusion criteria beyond being enrolled in a French residency programme.

Attitudes towards research (interest, motivation, significance) were measured using the Scale of Attitudes towards Research. Mentoring was assessed with the Mentor–Mentee Perception Questionnaire, work centrality with Hirschfeld and Feild’s scale, self-efficacy with the General Self-Efficacy Scale, perceived discrimination with the Sexual Harassment and Discrimination Experiences of Academic Medical Faculty instrument and stress with the Perceived Stress Scale. Gender differences were analysed using t-tests or ² tests with Holm-Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons.

Compared with men, women reported lower research motivation (mean (SD) 21.0 (5.5) vs 22.8 (5.5); p_adj=0.011), lower research interest (27.1 (5.5) vs 28.1 (5.7); p_adj=0.011), lower work centrality (26.7 (7.0) vs 28.2 (8.1); p_adj=0.011) and lower self-efficacy (28.3 (5.2) vs 29.9 (5.0); p_adj=0.011). Women were less likely to report having a mentor (38.5% vs 44.5%; p_adj=0.02). They also reported substantially higher levels of experienced gender discrimination (22.8% vs 3.8%; p_adj=0.005), sexual harassment (57.7% vs 18.2%; p_adj=0.005) and perceived stress (8.48 (3.29) vs 7.27 (3.43); p_adj=0.011)

Gender differences were observed across several individual and institutional factors associated with academic medical career aspirations. Reduced access to mentoring and greater exposure to discrimination and stress among women may contribute to lower research motivation and self-efficacy. These findings highlight the need for institutional strategies addressing mentoring, workplace culture and equity to support gender parity in academic medicine.

OSF preregistration for this study is available at https://osf.io/9yseq/?view_only=1c72743f542b402ba67beed6908e597d

Type 1 diabetes is characterised by progressive loss of pancreatic beta cells. Studies have shown that interleukin (IL)–17 is likely a mediator for this destruction. Whether inhibition of IL-17 could preserve beta cell function in people with new-onset type 1 diabetes is unknown.

In this phase 2, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted at 17 study sites in Sweden, 127 adults aged 18–45 years old with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes will be enrolled. Participants will be randomised to receive either subcutaneous IL-17 inhibitor or placebo for 52 weeks, in addition to their conventional therapy. The primary endpoint will be change in residual insulin secretion measured by the area under the curve for C-peptide in response to 2-hour mixed meal tolerance test between baseline and week 52. Additionally, masked continuous glucose monitoring will be performed during 14 days at the run-in period, week 13, week 26 and week 52. Secondary endpoints will be change in time in glucose range (3.9–10 mmol/L), time in hypoglycaemia (

Approvals were obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2020–05098) and the Swedish Medical Products Agency (Dnr 5.1-2021-105808) before participant enrolment. Participants provide informed consent before inclusion. Results of this study will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed journals and key findings will be presented at international scientific conferences.

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04589325.