Although the association between obesity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is well-documented, studies on the association between weight trajectories and HRQoL among spouses are limited. This longitudinal study aimed to characterise distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectories and their association with HRQoL at individual and spousal levels.

The total sample of 773 couples was followed for an average of 15 years. Univariate group–based trajectory models and multi-trajectory group–based models were used to identify latent classes of individual and couple BMI trajectories, respectively. Linear regression analyses were applied to investigate the associations between identified BMI trajectories and HRQoL at the individual level and at the spousal level, where spousal HRQoL refers to the association between both partners’ BMI trajectories and each individual’s HRQoL.

Based on BMI changes over the life course, four trajectories were identified in wives and husbands at both individual and couple levels, ranging from stable healthy weight to progressively increasing overweight and obesity, with all trajectories showing an overall rise in BMI with age. In the fully adjusted model, compared with wives in the mild progressive overweight group, the mean score of physical HRQoL in women in the progressive obesity group (β=–2.14, p=0.02) and severe progressive obesity group (β=–2.55, p=0.03) was significantly lower. Moreover, compared with husbands with stable healthy weight status, those in the progressive obesity group had lower physical HRQoL (β=–2.67, p=0.02). At the spousal level, lower physical HRQoL was observed in individuals whose BMI trajectories, together with their partner’s trajectory, indicated higher risk (eg, wives with severe progressive obesity and husbands with stable overweight) compared with couples with both partners in lower-risk BMI trajectories (β=–3.61, p=0.01). A similar effect was observed only in severe progressive obese women whose husbands were of stable healthy weight during their lifespan. None of the BMI trajectories at either individual or spousal levels affected mental HRQoL.

Our findings indicate a significant effect of individuals’ BMI patterns on the physical domain of HRQoL. Spousal HRQoL associations reflect how both partners’ BMI trajectories are jointly associated with individual HRQoL. Clinically, these results highlight the potential importance of early weight management, particularly in women, in relation to long-term physical HRQoL and possible benefits for both partners. Further investigation is required to assess the role of potential confounders in BMI–HRQoL associations.

To describe healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) assessment of safety culture in adults and paediatric critical care units in governmental hospitals in Kuwait.

A cross-sectional survey study.

Adults and paediatric critical care units in Kuwait from January to April 2023.

Full-time HCPs (physicians, nurses and clinical pharmacists) who are in direct contact with patients and work in adults and paediatric critical care units.

Patient safety culture practices.

The population consisted of 945 HCPs from adult and paediatric critical care units. In general, across most dimensions, perceptions were more positive toward the patient safety culture. Adult critical care settings were mostly higher in negative responses compared with the paediatric setting. In general, all the HCPs responded positively towards ‘Teamwork Climate’, ranging from 41.5% to 85.0%, with the same pattern in the adult and paediatric settings. In both settings, ‘Safety Climate’ in general was responded to positively, ranging from 51.3% to 86.2%, and patterns between the two settings were the same. ‘Job Satisfaction’ showed positive responses between 68.2% and 88.3%.

In this study, HCPs from adult and paediatric critical care units rated patient safety culture dimensions positively. The patient safety procedures needing improvement were staff shortages, harsh workloads, poor communication and training. Providing frequent communication training and supporting personnel could further strengthen the critical care safety culture.

Global discussions surrounding the medical use of marijuana have gained momentum; yet in Malaysia, cannabis remains strictly prohibited under the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952. Despite its legal status, there is growing public discourse on its potential therapeutic benefits. Understanding public acceptance is critical for informing future health policies and public education efforts.

This study used a cross-sectional design, web-based survey among Malaysians aged 18 years and above using convenience and snowball sampling methods. The survey collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors (eg, smoking and drug use), awareness of medical marijuana and perceived risk. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with acceptance of medical marijuana decriminalisation.

Out of 2047 respondents, 88.4% supported medical marijuana decriminalisation based on clinical evidence. Key predictors of acceptance included male gender (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.71; 95% CI 1.29 to 2.26), higher education (Bachelor’s degree AOR 1.56; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.23 and Master’s/PhD AOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.34 to 3.10), self-employment (AOR 1.84; 95% CI 1.22 to 2.77) and private sector employment (AOR 1.40; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.89). Behavioural factors, such as smoking (AOR 1.58; 95% CI 1.10 to 2.27), prior drug use (AOR 1.86; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.67) and low perceived risk (AOR 5.82; 95% CI 3.48 to 9.73), were also significantly associated with acceptance.

A large proportion of Malaysian adults supported the clinical use of medical marijuana. Acceptance was strongly associated with demographic and behavioural factors, particularly gender, education and perceived risk. These findings may guide the development of targeted public health education and inform future discussions on regulatory approaches in Malaysia.

In response to the high maternal mortality in Afghanistan, the government emphasised enhancing antenatal care (ANC) coverage to improve skilled birth attendance and reduce maternal mortality. This study aimed to explain how and why ANC interventions worked, for whom, and under what circumstances in Afghanistan between 2000 and 2024.

A rapid realist review was conducted to identify underlying programme theories and examine contextual factors and key mechanisms influencing ANC outcomes, with input from a panel of national experts. Data were extracted using context–mechanism–outcome (CMO) configurations to develop and refine theories for policy recommendations.

From 3502 papers, 1860 duplicates were removed, 63 were screened for full text and 25 were included in the final review. In total, 29 CMOs were inferred across nine interventions, classified at individual, interpersonal, community and institutional levels. We found that ANC interventions could work best by empowering women and healthcare workers (HCWs), involving husbands, hiring female community health workers (CHWs), ensuring regular contact with the same HCWs, endorsing health messages by the government, incentivising CHWs and designing and implementing interventions using participatory approaches. Interventions are less successful when there is a lack of community trust in service quality or HCW qualifications, low decision-making ability among women, discomfort during travel to health facilities, adherence to traditional practices and beliefs, hiring CHWs from outside the community, chronic stress and lack of support among HCWs and unrecognised incentives.

Our evidence synthesis can inform donors, policymakers and implementers on how to design more effective ANC interventions to achieve better health outcomes in Afghanistan. By emphasising intervention evaluation and ANC quality improvement, it highlights the importance of key social elements, such as cultural norms, power dynamics, relationships, beliefs and trust, which are likely to maximise impact. Community involvement is essential for designing and implementing effective and sustainable ANC interventions.

Effective young adults’ sexual health education is crucial for promoting informed decision-making and healthy behaviours. National and international guidelines provide a framework for developing and implementing effective programmes. However, these guidelines may vary in their content, focus and recommendations. This scoping review protocol details a plan to map the literature on national and international young adults’ sexual health education guidelines. The review will focus on identifying key dimensions and characteristics of these interventions.

Guideline selection will be conducted using the Population, Intervention, Professionals, Outcomes and Healthcare setting/context framework. A comprehensive three-stage search of academic databases, grey literature and citation tracking will be conducted to identify all relevant literature. Data extraction will be performed by two independent researchers using a standardised, piloted data charting form to ensure accuracy and minimise bias. The form will capture key guideline characteristics. The process will be iterative, allowing refinement of variables for comprehensive data capture. Findings will be synthesised and presented using diagrams, tables and a narrative summary to provide a clear overview of the existing literature.

Adhering to all relevant guidelines and regulations, this study will proceed under the approval of the Ethics Committee of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. This scoping review will identify and examine the dimensions and characteristics of national and international guidelines for young adults’ sexual health education. By analysing the dimensions and characteristics of these guidelines, this review will identify commonalities, differences and gaps in the current landscape. The findings will have significant implications for policymakers, educators and researchers engaged in the development and implementation of young adults’ sexual health programmes. The results will be disseminated through publication in a relevant peer-reviewed journal to inform future research and practice in this field.

Ethical code: IR.SHMU.REC.1403.085. URL: https://ethics.research.ac.ir/EthicsProposalView.php?id=494573.

University dropout is a significant issue with multifactorial causes, including mental health challenges. Nursing students, due to the demanding nature of their studies, are particularly vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression, which can lead to higher dropout rates. Understanding these factors is crucial...