Intravenous fluids are essential components of perioperative care, supporting intravascular volume, acid–base balance and electrolyte homeostasis. Despite extensive research in adult surgical populations, paediatric-specific evidence remains limited, and clinical practice frequently relies on extrapolated adult-based recommendations. This gap is particularly relevant in paediatric non-cardiac surgery, where fluid choice may influence key physiological outcomes such as acid–base status, electrolyte balance, renal function and haemodynamic stability. Given the heterogeneity of study designs, perioperative phases, age groups and reported outcomes in the paediatric literature, a comprehensive synthesis of the existing evidence is needed before a systematic review can be undertaken.

We will conduct this scoping review following the methodological guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis, and the reporting will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline.

This scoping review will map existing evidence on perioperative intravenous fluid management in paediatric patients (

Eligibility is framed using participants, concept and context: paediatric patients (

This scoping review involves no primary data collection and relies exclusively on published literature; therefore, formal ethical approval is not required. The protocol received administrative approval from the Comité de Ética para la Investigación Científica of Universidad del Cauca (approval no. 6553, 11 June 2025). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and targeted communication with paediatric anaesthesia and surgical communities.

Postictal agitation (PIA) is a common adverse effect following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Current pharmacological treatments for PIA have undesirable side effects, and interventions to prevent PIA are unsatisfactory. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of peri-interventional music on PIA for patients undergoing ECT. Additionally, the study will assess the impact of music on pretreatment anxiety and post-treatment cognitive impairment.

This multicentre, open-label, parallel randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to include 92 patients from two centres in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Participants will be randomised into two groups: a music intervention group and a control group. The music group listens to recorded music 30 min before and 12 min after each of the first six ECT sessions of the full ECT course, while the control group will receive standard care. The primary outcome is the presence of PIA, measured using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS). Secondary outcomes include the severity and duration of PIA, pretreatment anxiety, recovery duration, peri-treatment medication requirements, cognitive impairment and depression severity. Data will be analysed according to an intention-to-treat principle.

This study protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethical Review Committee of the Erasmus Medical Centre on 28 January 2025 (MEC-2024–0467) and subsequently received local approval at Antes Parnassia group. The trial will be carried out following the Declaration of Helsinki principles. Study results will be reported in a peer-reviewed journal according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines.

NCT06817330.