Oncology nurses are pivotal to delivering high-quality cancer care; yet, the uptake of evidence-based practices (EBPs) remains inconsistent. Though continuing professional education is widely used to support EBP uptake, persistent gaps remain, likely driven by the intricate and interrelated mechanisms that unfold differently across individual, organisational and system contexts.

To understand how, why, for whom and under what conditions continuing professional education interventions enhance (or fail to enhance) the uptake of EBPs among oncology nurses.

This realist review will adhere to the Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards methodological standards. The Theoretical Domains Framework will guide the exploration of potential mechanisms. 33 initial programme theories, developed from the Theoretical Domains Framework, prior reviews, expert input and consultations with interested parties working in oncology (eg, oncology nurses, managers), will be refined through systematic searches (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar). These initial programme theories represent hypothesised Context-Mechanism-Outcomes Configurations that may influence the uptake of EBPs among oncology nurses. Eligible peer-reviewed and grey literature from high-income countries in English or French will be screened in duplicate. Data will be coded deductively and inductively in MaxQDA and synthesised into Context-Mechanism-Outcome Configurations. These configurations will be reviewed in collaboration with interested parties.

Findings will be disseminated through open-access, peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences. Key stakeholders, including various professional associations (eg, the Canadian Association of Nurses in Oncology and the International Society of Nurses in Cancer Care), will be actively engaged to ensure the clinical relevance of the findings and to maximise their translation into nursing practice.

CRD420251133710.