Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to chronic liver disease. There is an extensive body of evidence focusing on pharmacotherapy for MASLD. Reviews on the topic have been largely limited to the efficacy of select agents, subgroups or outcomes. The current is a protocol for a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) evaluating the efficacy of examined pharmaceutical interventions in improving hepatic outcomes of MASLD.

MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library database and multiple trial registries will be searched for clinical trials on MASLD pharmacotherapy. Histological, radiological and paraclinical outcomes will be considered along with safety and tolerability. Screening and data extraction will be conducted by pairs of independent reviewers. Risk of bias (RoB) will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Pairwise random-effects meta-analyses will be conducted followed by random-effects frequentist NMAs—according to the length of intervention—for each outcome in clinically distinct MASLD subgroups. Other effect moderators will be examined in subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Certainty of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis approaches.

Ethics approval was waived (Alborz University of Medical Sciences; approval ID: IR.ABZUMS.REC.1404.121) as no new data will be generated. Information from published records will be used in compliance with their Copyright agreements. Results will be submitted for peer review and publication in a scientific journal.

CRD420251125615.

To examine demographic, behavioural and clinical determinants of self-rated health (SRH) among Iranian adults with hypertension (HTN), with a particular focus on the association between blood pressure (BP) control and perceived health.

National cross-sectional analysis of 15 predictors spanning demographic, lifestyle and clinical domains.

2021 Iranian STEPwise Approach to Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance, a nationally representative survey.

A total of 8812 adults with HTN (mean age 56.97 years; 57% female). Controlled HTN was defined as systolic blood pressure

The primary outcome was SRH, measured on a standard EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale (0–100).

Controlled HTN was independently associated with higher SRH scores (β=1.31, 95% CI 0.07 to 2.54). Positive predictors of SRH included male gender (β=4.34, 95% CI 3.38 to 5.31), higher wealth (richest vs poorest: β=5.52, 95% CI 4.06 to 6.97), sufficient physical activity (β=4.38, 95% CI 3.48 to 5.28), healthier diet (β=3.06, 95% CI 1.99 to 4.14) and complementary insurance coverage (β=2.50, 95% CI 0.63 to 4.37). Significant negative predictors included diabetes mellitus (β=–4.23, 95% CI –5.59 to –3.26), dyslipidaemia (β=–3.61, 95% CI –4.62 to –2.59), people who smoke (β=–4.21, 95% CI –5.64 to –2.78) and older age. Notably, antihypertensive medication use showed one of the strongest negative associations with SRH (monotherapy: β=–4.83; combination therapy: β=–5.28), likely reflecting underlying disease severity and treatment burden.

Better SRH among hypertensive adults was associated with controlled BP, healthier lifestyle patterns and higher socioeconomic status. Conversely, comorbidities, smoking, older age and antihypertensive treatment were linked to poorer perceived health. Integrating SRH screening into HTN management may help identify vulnerable individuals and inform targeted interventions addressing behavioural and socioeconomic determinants of health.