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Ensuring transparency in research dissemination and confidence in published findings is essential for advancing nursing science. Open science provides a framework for achieving this by promoting practices that make scientific knowledge openly accessible, rigorous, reproducible, and inclusive, thereby strengthening trustworthiness and accountability in scholarly work.
This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which nursing journals require pre-registration and reporting guidelines, assess adherence to these practices in published research reports and systematic reviews, and explore their relationship with journal impact factors.
We conducted an observational cross-sectional survey of nursing journals indexed in the Journal Citation Reports database. After applying inclusion criteria, a 25% random sample (n = 35) was selected. Author guidelines were reviewed for pre-registration and reporting guideline requirements. For each journal, the first original research article and first systematic review from the most recent issue were examined for evidence of adherence.
Among sampled journals, 54% recommended or required pre-registration for original research and 14% for systematic reviews. Reporting guidelines were recommended or required by 71% of journals for original research and 74% for systematic reviews. In sampled articles, pre-registration occurred in 8.6% of original research papers and 35.7% of systematic reviews, while reporting guideline use was documented in 20% of original research and 64.3% of systematic reviews. Journal impact factors were slightly higher among journals that recommended or required these practices, but differences were not statistically significant.
Pre-registration remains underutilized in nursing research despite journal recommendations. Reporting guidelines are more commonly used, especially in systematic reviews.
Improving research integrity requires collaboration among all stakeholders beyond journal policy enforcement. Key strategies include training researchers, screening submissions for pre-registration and reporting guidelines, involving peer reviewers in compliance checks, and leveraging librarians for comprehensive searches.
To explore the experiences of Emergency Department nurses when caring for patients presenting to the Emergency Department with mental health issues.
Qualitative descriptive study.
Ten nurses with experience caring for mental health patients participated in face-to-face, semi-structured interviews. Nurses were recruited if they were employed at a single tertiary Emergency Department in the Northern Territory, Australia. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. The COREQ checklist guided reporting.
The four key themes were: systemic factors; emotional impact and staff culture; influence of communication; education and training. Systemic factors, such as overcrowding, staff shortages, long stays, and unsuitable Emergency Department environments, restricted therapeutic care and increased patient distress. The emotional impact of caring for mental health patients, combined with reactive workplace culture and stigma, contributed to moral distress and burnout. Clear communication and teamwork supported care, while limited mental health education left nurses underprepared and reliant on informal learning. Participants emphasised the need for clear protocols, targeted training, and structured support to enhance patient outcomes, nurse confidence, and well-being.
Emergency Department nurses face systemic, cultural, and educational barriers that compromise patient care while contributing to stress, fatigue, and burnout. Addressing these challenges through integrated care pathways, targeted education, and staff support is essential to improve patient outcomes and sustain the nursing workforce.
Data from this study identifies there is an urgent need to implement practical strategies to reduce challenges for nurses in caring for patients presenting to the ED with mental health issues.
This study revealed that systemic pressures, emotional fatigue, and limited training hinder effective care. This research can inform hospital leaders, policymakers, and educators to improve support, training, and care pathways within ED settings.
The authors have adhered to the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ).
No patient or public contribution was made.
To design and develop a novel co-produced intervention tool aimed at facilitating discussions that lung cancer nurses have with lung cancer patients about clinical trial opportunities; and promote trial recruitment.
A multi-phase qualitative focus group (phase 1) and co-production (phase 2) study.
The rigorous design and content of the intervention tool was informed by qualitative data from seven focus groups with lung cancer healthcare professionals (n = 38) and patients and their carers (n = 22) to establish barriers and facilitators to clinical trial participation. Data collection took place across England and Scotland between October and December 2023. Findings from a previously published systematic review were also incorporated to inform intervention tool design. The tool was developed through an extended co-production workshop comprising lung cancer nurses (n = 7), lung cancer patients (n = 2) and health researchers (n = 4). The COM-B model of behavioural change underpinned both phases of the project to guide tool development.
Phase 1 focus groups identified the need for a tool to provide basic trial information to patients, and to support lung cancer nurses in discussing trials with patients, thus improving nurses' knowledge, confidence, and awareness of trials. The phase 2 coproduction workshop identified that the tool should consist of two elements: a patient-facing information pamphlet and a large poster for nurses to assist them in discussing trial opportunities.
The study results demonstrate how nurses can be supported to discuss clinical trial opportunities with patients, with the potential to increase long-term recruitment to clinical trials.
Lung cancer nurses often lack confidence to support patients to make informed choices about trial enrolment. By addressing this issue, participation in lung cancer clinical trials can be significantly improved to benefit patient outcomes and trial participation rates.
The tool has the potential to be used across a range of different cancer settings and sites to increase recruitment to clinical trials.
The COREQ checklist was utilised to ensure that robust processes were followed and reported on.
Patients and members of the public were involved in all study processes and contributed to the study design, interpretation of the data, and intervention design. Their contributions included reviewing focus group topic guides, reviewing data analysis, the co-production of the intervention tool, and co-authoring this paper, ensuring the research addressed the needs and priorities of lung cancer patients when making an informed choice about clinical trial participation.
To clarify the definition and evolution of Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) and identify its attributes, antecedents, and consequences in health-related research.
This study follows Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis with a seven-step framework.
Datasets were searched using terms related to PPIE and key categories (i.e., attributes, antecedents, and consequences). Data were sourced from CINAHL, PsycInfo, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science covering publications from inception to October 31, 2024. Document titles, abstracts, and keywords were manually screened to identify relevant studies for full-text review.
A total of 1751 documents were screened, resulting in 38 eligible studies included in the final analysis. PPIE has evolved from a narrow focus on patient inclusion and participation, where patients had minimal influence on research and researchers resisted sharing control of research, to a collaborative model emphasising sustained partnerships, shared contributions, equitable power distribution, and active involvement across research stages. This shift has been driven by research innovation, a growing emphasis on healthcare equity and patient-centred care, technological advances, and stakeholder advocacy (e.g., patients, funders, ethics committees). While PPIE enhances research relevance and impact, barriers, such as resource constraints, power imbalances, patient limited research capabilities and increased researcher workload persist. Facilitators, such as training programmes, standardised guidelines, flexible arrangements and transparent communication can enable meaningful partnerships.
The concept of PPIE is evolving toward greater clarity and consistency in research, positioning patients and the public as active, essential contributors rather than passive participants. Barriers and facilitators were identified to inform its utilisation in research.
This study clarifies the conceptual ambiguities of PPIE, informs theory development, and provides actionable insights. Healthcare and nursing researchers can draw on its findings to utilise PPIE to enhance collaborative and inclusive research practices that align with the needs of patients and the public.
This study adheres to the PRISMA (2020) reporting guidelines for systematic reviews.
One of our co-authors is a patient with lived experience of cancer, who contributed valuable comments and suggestions to enhance this paper.
To synthesise stakeholders' experiences and perceptions of animal-assisted intervention (AAI) for people with dementia in community care settings.
Qualitative evidence synthesis.
We systematically searched Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and AgeLine for potentially eligible studies. Thematic synthesis was used to analyse the data from included studies. We assessed the methodological limitations of included studies using an adaptation of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and used Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) tool to assess confidence in review findings. This review is reported using the ENTREQ checklist.
We included 14 reports from 11 studies and developed three analytical themes incorporating a gardening analogy: planting–connecting with animals, growing–engaging in AAI and nurturing–making AAI work; and six subthemes: willingness to connect, building relationships, a rich experience, the benefits of AAI, individualised and holistic approach and training and support, with 15 key findings.
This review describes people's experiences and perceptions of AAI for people with dementia, and provides recommendations on the development and implementation of AAI, with moderate to high confidence. Nurses need to consider the factors that influence the implementation of AAI identified in this review, to facilitate engagement and long-term impacts while adopting AAI in community care settings.
This review may enhance healthcare professionals' understanding of AAI for people with dementia in community care settings. AAI is a complex intervention that can be delivered in varied manner. A multicomponent, flexible and individualised AAI is important. Additional training and education for staff are needed.
A man with dementia and his wife who share a love of dogs, advised at each step of the review, providing insights and perspectives and contributing as co-authors.
To explore the factors that influence the implementation of animal-assisted intervention (AAI) for people with dementia in community care settings in Ireland.
Descriptive qualitative study.
Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 13 people with dementia, 11 care partners and 18 health and social care practitioners from November 2024 to June 2025. Interviewees were recruited from 10 community care settings and local dementia networks across 11 counties in Ireland. A photo elicitation approach was applied. Framework method was used for data analysis, integrating the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).
A variety of AAI types were used across community care settings. The complexity and variation in AAI delivery and factors that influence its implementation were described. We developed four themes and 11 subthemes to illustrate the inter-relationship among factors combining five domains of CFIR: attitudes toward AAI; available and accessible resources; design and development of AAI; and scaffolding to facilitate AAI implementation.
AAI has promising benefits for people with dementia. Our findings provide rich insights into the multi-level factors that influence AAI practice. Future research should focus on developing and enhancing implementation strategies, applying user-centred design, to address barriers, leverage facilitators and tailor to local context, ultimately increasing the adoption and impact of AAI.
The findings contribute to the evidence base for best practices of AAI, inform the development of strategies, guidelines and policies of dementia care, and foster the creation of a dementia-friendly community.
Two patients and members of the public (both co-authors) and four advisory group members who share a love of animals were involved in this study, contributing to the research design, recruitment, data analysis and final paper.
To explore the views of health care professionals involved in initiatives that have led to successful research-related roles for nurses and midwives working in community settings.
A sequential mixed-methods study.
Between December 2022 and January 2023 a survey was completed by health care professionals with relevant experience of successful research-related initiatives for nurses and midwives in community settings. Survey responses were categorised into low, medium or high-priority examples of productive practice. Nineteen of the twenty responders who provided high-priority examples were interviewed between May and July 2023. The research capacity development for impact framework underpinned data collection and analysis. Data were thematically analysed using the framework method.
The seven themes of the research capacity development for impact framework: leadership and sustainability, skills and confidence building, infrastructures, linkages and collaborations, ownership and responsibilities, actionable dissemination and co-production were identified as important features of successful research-related roles in community settings. A new cross-cutting theme of trust and relationships was generated. The initiation, continued growth and ambition continuum guided the development of the planning change and features of success template.
This study highlighted the key features that matter when planning change and developing research-related roles for nurses and midwives in community settings.
Study findings have the potential to inform policy and practice for organisations focused on developing research capacity and capability in community settings.
This study adhered to the COREQ reporting guidelines.
No patient or public involvement.
To explore the direct relationship between financial stress and mental health and wellbeing of nursing students and characterise the effectiveness of available support mechanisms.
Systematic integrative review.
Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Education Research Complete, MEDLINE, ProQuest Central, PsycNET, Scopus and Web of Science were searched in January and October 2024.
Studies reporting a direct relationship between financial stress and mental health and wellbeing in nursing students were included. Data related to sources of financial stress, mental health impacts, and support mechanisms were extracted, synthesised narratively, and reported thematically.
Findings from nine studies reveal that financial stress significantly affects nursing students' mental health and wellbeing, contributing to emotional distress and reduced quality of life. Financial stress arises from personal, academic and clinical sources, with the intensity varying based on individual demographic profiles and fluctuating throughout their educational journeys. Marginalised and underserved groups experience greater impacts due to pre-existing disadvantages. Current support mechanisms are largely reactive, providing only short-term relief and failing to address root causes. Additionally, students' efforts to alleviate financial stress in one domain often exacerbated it in another.
This review highlights the multifaceted and compounding effects of financial stress on nursing students' mental health and wellbeing. Proactive strategies, including structured employment programs, embedded financial literacy education, and transparent pre-enrolment information offer promising solutions.
While financial stress cannot be fully eradicated, targeted support for at-risk students can mitigate its impacts, improving their mental health and educational outcomes.
This review addresses the critical issue of financial stress among nursing students, highlighting its disproportionate impact on marginalised and underserved groups. It underscores the need for proactive interventions and systemic reform to improve educational experiences globally.
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement.
No patient or public contribution.
Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42024514262
Soft robotic gloves (SRGs) integrated with brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have demonstrated potential in facilitating motor recovery after stroke by enabling active, intention-driven rehabilitation. Emerging evidence suggests that incorporating vibrotactile stimulation (VTS) into SRG-BCI systems may further enhance sensorimotor feedback. The objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying neural mechanisms of BCI-driven, intention-based glove activation compared with automated glove-assisted training, with VTS applied identically in both groups.
This multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial will involve 48 post-stroke patients within 1 week to 3 months after stroke onset, with stratification by time since stroke during randomisation. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the BCI-SRG group (n=24) or SRG group (n=24). Both groups will receive identical VTS. Patients in the BCI-SRG group will actively initiate movements of the SRG through motor imagery, while those in the SRG group will receive automated glove-assisted training without BCI control. The intervention will be administered 5 days per week for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure is the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity. Secondary outcome measures include Wolf Motor Function Test, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Generic Set, Barthel Index, Modified Ashworth Scale, Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test, as well as event-related spectral perturbation and event-related desynchronisation. All assessments will be conducted at both baseline and post-intervention.
Ethics approval of this study protocol has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (2025-SR-508). The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations and communication with scientific, professional and general public audiences.
ChiCTR2500106951.
Pressure injuries present significant challenges in clinical care, leading to severe complications such as infection, pain and delayed wound healing. They are a common chronic wound that contribute to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays and substantial healthcare costs. Despite national efforts to enhance chronic wound management, development of optimal treatment strategies remains a priority. The Pressure Injury Treatment Advisory (PITA) Quick Guide was developed to provide an evidence-based guide to support clinicians in pressure injury management. A survey was conducted to evaluate clinician perspectives on the usability and practicality of the Guide in acute care, residential aged care and community settings. A post-test survey was conducted on a convenience sample of healthcare professionals from three healthcare settings across metropolitan, regional and rural Australia. The survey included 5-point Likert-scale items assessing ease of use, effectiveness and integration with workflows. Three hundred and two responses were received (66.7% response rate). Clinicians expressed overwhelmingly positive perceptions, with over 95% agreeing or strongly agreeing on the guide's utility and effectiveness. No respondents strongly disagreed with any item. Residential aged care and rural clinicians rated the tool slightly higher than acute care and medical clinicians. The PITA Quick Guide was well-received across all settings, demonstrating strong potential to enhance evidence-based pressure injury management.
by Mylaine Breton, Catherine Lamoureux-Lamarche, Véronique Deslauriers, Djamal Berbiche, Maude Laberge, Annie Talbot, Aude Motulsky, Marie-Pascale Pomey, Isabelle Gaboury
BackgroundAccess to primary care is an important component of health systems. Given the barriers experienced by unattached patients to accessing primary care in Quebec (Canada), the Ministry of Health mandated the province-wide implementation of Primary care access points for unattached patients (Guichet d’accès première ligne; GAP), an organizational innovation designed to orient patients to the most appropriate professional or service. This study aims to 1) document the factors associated with unmet healthcare needs after receiving GAP services and 2) assess whether those factors vary by GAP orientation.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study builds on data collected between April and July 2024 using an online patient questionnaire. All patients with a valid email address registered on the centralized waiting list for unattached patients in three local health territories (LHTs) received an email invitation to participate in the survey. The total sample included 20,282 participants who responded to the questionnaire and used the GAP.
ResultsThe findings showed that younger age, self-reporting poor/fair physical and mental health, receiving services in LHT 3 and reporting an emergency room visit were associated with increased likelihood of reporting unmet needs. Stratified analyses suggested that some characteristics (age, use of emergency room) were associated with unmet needs across orientations, while others (self-reported physical and mental health) were associated with specific orientations.
ConclusionThis study serves as a first step in deepening our understanding from a patient perspective of how to better plan primary care services and improve unattached patients’ experiences using the GAP. The findings showed that patients oriented to other professionals than a medical appointment with a family physician had the highest percentage of unmet needs. The next step involves an in-depth exploration of the reasons for patients’ unmet needs, enabling the development of more precise and effective strategies to address them.
To understand the current evidence base regarding holistic nursing assessments performed by registered nurses in residential aged care homes in Australia, and identify the gaps in knowledge and potential areas for future research.
A scoping review informed by JBI guidelines and the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews.
The electronic databases Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and ProQuest Central were searched, alongside citation chaining and manual journal searches. Limits of English language and publication after the year 2000 were applied. Studies were screened against pre-defined eligibility criteria. Data were extracted and analysed using descriptive statistics and a narrative synthesis.
A total of 3987 studies were identified, of which 28 were categorised as comprehensive or multimodal assessment programmes, standalone assessment tools or assessment infrastructure papers. Key outcomes described included staff factors and resident emergency department transfers or hospitalisations. The key feature of existing nursing assessments across studies was education, which was generally associated with improved staff knowledge, confidence and efficiency. Apart from this, there was large heterogeneity among assessment interventions with inconsistent effects. Few studies focused on residents with dementia or palliative care needs.
There is currently no standardised, systematic approach to the holistic assessment of residents by registered nurses in Australia. This gap in assessment is especially evident for residents with dementia or palliative care needs.
This research highlights the need to develop standardised holistic nursing assessments to bridge this gap in practice.
No Patient or Public Contribution.
by Anne-Fleur Griffon, Loeïza Rault, Clément Tanvet, Etienne Simon-Lorière, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Catherine Inizan
BackgroundComparing the in vitro fitness of dengue virus (DENV) isolates is a pivotal approach to assess the contribution of DENV strains’ replicative fitness to epidemiological contexts, including serotype replacements. Competition assays are the gold standard to compare the in vitro replicative fitness of viral strains. Implementing competition assays between DENV serotypes requires an experimental setup and an appropriate read-out to quantify the viral progeny of strains belonging to different serotypes.
MethodsIn the current study, we optimized an existing serotyping qRT-PCR by adapting primer/probe design and multiplexing the serotype-specific qRT-PCR reactions, allowing to accurately detect and quantify all four DENV serotypes. We next developed an in vitro competition assay to compare the replicative fitness of two DENV serotypes in the human hepatic cell line HuH7.
FindingsThe qRT-PCR was specific, and had a limit of detection below 7.52, 1.19, 3.48 and 1.36 genome copies/µL, an efficiency of 1.993, 1.975, 1.902, 1.898 and a linearity (R²) of 0.99975, 0.99975, 0.99850, 0.99965 for DENV-1, −2, −3 and −4, respectively. Challenge of this multiplex serotype-specific qRT-PCR on mixes of viral supernatants containing known concentrations of strains from two serotypes evidenced an accurate quantification of the amount of genome copies of each serotype. Quantification of the viral progeny of each serotype in the inoculum and the supernatant of competition assays using the serotype-specific multiplex qRT-PCR unveiled an enrichment of the supernatant in DENV-1 genome copies, uncovering the enhanced replicative fitness of this DENV-1 isolate.
ConclusionsThis optimized qRT-PCR combined with a relevant cellular model allowed to accurately quantify the viral progeny of two DENV strains belonging to two different serotypes in a competition assay, allowing to determine which strain had a replicative advantage. This reliable experimental setup is adaptable to the comparative study of the replicative fitness of any DENV serotypes.
by Robin A. Pollini, Catherine E. Paquette, Brandon Irvin, Jennifer L. Syvertsen, Christa L. Lilly
Drug use is a highly stigmatized behavior, and drug-related stigma is a key driver of behavioral risk, lower health care utilization, and associated adverse health outcomes among people who inject drugs (PWID). While instruments exist for measuring drug-related stigma, their applicability to community-based PWID across multiple stigma types (enacted, anticipated, internalized) and settings (health care, society, family) is limited, as most were developed using treatment-based samples and all were developed in urban populations. This study sought to develop a Drug Use Stigma Scale (DUSS) that addresses these limitations. We developed an initial list of 39 items based on literature review and qualitative interviews (N = 27) and three focus groups (N = 28) with PWID recruited from syringe services programs and via peer referral in two predominantly rural West Virginia counties. The scale items were administered in a survey to 336 PWID recruited from the same two counties divided into development and validation samples. Responses to the 39-item scale went through a multidimensional refinement process, including examination of internal consistency, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and a three-factor CFA based on stigma setting. Next, a set of final measurement CFAs were conducted. Finally, the resulting scale was examined for criterion-related concurrent validation. The final DUSS consisted of 16 items with excellent fit statistics for the development sample: SRMR: 0.03, RMSEA: 0.09, GFI: 0.92, CFI: 0.96, NFI: 0.94. Fit attenuated but remained satisfactory for the validation sample. DUSS scores were significantly associated with increased odds of not seeking healthcare when needed (OR: 1.47, p = 0.001; OR: 1.61, pTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a Nurse Practitioner led procedural support service for children with procedural anxiety, and identify facilitators and barriers to its sustained implementation and optimisation.
An effectiveness–implementation hybrid type 3 study used a prospective mixed methods evaluation approach.
From December 2022 to May 2023, data were collected from children, parents and clinicians using a nurse practitioner-led service at a quaternary paediatric hospital in Brisbane, Australia. A prospective audit assessed clinical outcomes, while qualitative interviews explored implementation barriers and facilitators.
The clinical audit (n = 40) confirmed the service was effective and safe, ensuring procedural completion with minimal distress. Descriptive statistics indicated low pain and anxiety scores. There was a moderate negative relationship between pain scores and the use of distraction techniques. Interviews with thirty-three participants showed the service improved access to procedural care, reduced the need for physical restraint and general anaesthesia, and enhanced clinical workflow through preadmission assessments.
Utilising a Nurse Practitioner support service represents a safe and effective strategy to enhance access for paediatric patients with procedural anxiety.
This study underscores the significance of specialised nursing roles in managing paediatric procedural anxiety, offering a replicable model to enhance procedural outcomes and mitigate medical trauma across healthcare settings.
Minimising pain and distress is important in all clinical encounters with children to reduce the risk of medical-related trauma and the future avoidance of healthcare.
The report of study outcomes was guided by the Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI) initiative.
Patients or the public were not included in the design, conduct or reporting of the study.
by Shirley Ge, Hope Lappen, Luz Mercado, Kaylee Lamarche, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Catherine L. Hough, Virginia W. Chang, Adolfo Cuevas, Thomas S. Valley, Mari Armstrong-Hough
BackgroundRacial and ethnic disparities in the delivery and outcomes of critical care are well documented. However, interventions to mitigate these disparities are less well understood. We sought to review the current state of evidence for interventions to promote equity in critical care processes and patient outcomes.
MethodsFour bibliographic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, and Embase) and a list of core journals, conference abstracts, and clinical trial registries were queried with a pre-specified search strategy. We analyzed the content of interventions by categorizing each as single- or multi-component, extracting each intervention component during review, and grouping intervention components according to strategy to identify common approaches.
ResultsThe search strategy yielded 11,509 studies. Seven-thousand seventeen duplicate studies were removed, leaving 4,491 studies for title and abstract screening. After screening, 93 studies were included for full-text review. After full-text review by two independent reviewers, eleven studies met eligibility criteria. We identified ten distinct intervention components under five broad categories: education, communication, standardization, restructuring, and outreach. Most examined effectiveness using pre-post or other non-randomized designs.
ConclusionsDespite widespread recognition of disparities in critical care outcomes, few interventions have been evaluated to address disparities in the ICU. Many studies did not describe the rationale or targeted disparity mechanism for their intervention design. There is a need for randomized, controlled evaluations of interventions that target demonstrated mechanisms for disparities to promote equity in critical care.
Limited literature has focused on people with cancers' preference for care providers in scenarios where trade-offs may have to be made.
To report the results of a comprehensive search and synthesis of discrete choice experiments or best-worst scaling studies (± willingness to pay estimates) in scenarios involving cancer nurses, with a focus on: (1) preferred care provider; and (2) relative importance of attributes of care provision for people with cancer.
A search was conducted across: CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EconLit, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar for discrete choice experiments published between January and July 2025. Data were extracted and appraised by two authors. Results were narratively synthesised.
Of 461 studies screened, 11 were included, published in Australia (n = 3), UK (n = 3), and China (n = 5) including people with breast (n = 4), gastric (n = 4), prostate (n = 1), or mixed cancers (n = 2). In six studies exploring scenarios of follow-up care (i.e., survivorship/surveillance), cancer medical specialists were the preferred care provider, followed by cancer nurses, and then general practitioners. In four of the five studies of supportive care scenarios (i.e., diet and exercise advice, anxiety and depression screening), cancer nurses were the preferred care provider, followed by allied health professionals, then cancer medical specialists. The highest WTP estimate was $US226.15 for a medical specialist to provide follow-up care. For supportive care, the highest WTP was $US137.52 for a cancer nurse to provide diet-based lifestyle advice post-treatment for breast cancer.
Cancer nurses are highly valued by people with cancer, particularly for supportive care provision. Opportunities exist for an increase in cancer nurse specialists with expanded scope of practice, to support the preference of people with cancer to have cancer medical specialists, or cancer nurse specialists provide expert cancer follow-up care.
Employees of a cancer patient advocacy group were involved in the design of the study, interpretation of the data, and the preparation of the manuscript. No patients were involved in this work. However, this systematic review prioritized patient voices by including studies that reported on the preferences of people with cancer.
To summarise current research that defines cardiopulmonary resuscitation and to provide a succinct conceptual definition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Scoping review using JBI guidelines to develop the study protocol.
The most recent (2024) research papers on cardiopulmonary resuscitation were evaluated for inclusion. Individual definitions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation extracted from 25 papers were summarised and then analysed to conceptualise a single definition for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
CINAHL, Medline and Scopus databases were evaluated for inclusion.
Definitions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation focused on interventions, mainly chest compressions and ventilation. Defibrillation was inconsistently included. There was less emphasis on criteria for initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation and desired outcomes.
This scoping review found limited consensus between definitions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Analysis of the range of perspectives found in the review enabled the researchers to propose definitions in three areas: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basic life support and advanced life support.
Nurses working in hospitals and responding to cardiac arrests are guided by Advanced Resuscitation Plans and Do Not Resuscitate orders. In turn, these documents should communicate a clear definition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in policies, procedures and standards. This is important for clinical nurses to ensure patients' consent for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation is informed.
Currently cardiopulmonary resuscitation is inconsistently defined. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation includes compressions and ventilation. A standardised definition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation supports professional nursing practice and has wider implications for patient consent and research practice.
This scoping review adheres to and is reported according to PRISMA-ScR.
No patient or public contribution.
FreshRSS 