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Exploring the Role of Nurse Leadership Through a Systems Thinking Lens: A Systematic Review of Conceptual and Empirical Evidence

ABSTRACT

Aims

To explore the impact of systems thinking in nursing leadership on healthcare quality, decision-making and resource management.

Design

A systematic review.

Data Sources

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published in English and Italian up to 2024.

Review Methods

Studies were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria, focusing on nursing leadership integrating systems thinking. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist was used to assess methodological quality. A narrative synthesis was conducted to identify key themes and patterns.

Results

Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that systems thinking enhances resource management, decision-making and patient safety, while also reducing errors and improving staff collaboration. Adopting a systems approach allows nursing leaders to navigate complex healthcare environments effectively. However, variability in study designs and implementation strategies limits the generalizability of findings.

Conclusion

Integrating systems thinking into nursing leadership promotes a proactive, holistic approach to problem-solving, optimising healthcare outcomes. While evidence supports its benefits, further empirical studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness across diverse healthcare settings.

Impact

What problem did the study address? The need for structured systems thinking in nursing leadership. What were the main findings? Improved decision-making, resource optimisation and patient safety through systems-oriented leadership. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? Nurse leaders, healthcare administrators and policymakers in diverse healthcare settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

Although patients and the public were not directly involved, this study has implications for enhancing patient safety and healthcare efficiency.

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