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In December 2022, a large population infected with COVID-19 emerged in China, including frontline nurses. To maintain the medical system's function, many infected nurses returned to work before full recovery. This study aims to examine the characteristics of work resumption behaviour among the infected nurses and its influencing factors.
A nationwide cross-sectional study utilising questionnaire data.
An indicator was developed to assess the work resumption behaviour: work resumption type (autonomous work resumption, constrained work resumption). As the possible influencing factors of work resumption type, professional commitment, organisational commitment and psychological capital were included and measured by the Professional Commitment Scale (PCS), Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ), and Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ). The logistic regression models were applied to estimate the association between the score of the PCS, OCQ, PCQ, and work resumption type.
A total of 30,062 nurses were included. The mean time of nurses returning to work after infection was 1.8 days, with 88.6% exhibiting autonomous work resumption behaviour. One standard deviation increment in the score of the PCS, OCQ, and PCQ was associated with a 41% (OR = 1.41), 29% (OR = 1.29) and 42% (OR = 1.42) average increase in the odds of having an autonomous work resumption, respectively.
The majority of nurses returned to work before full recovery during the pandemic. Elevated professional commitment, organisational commitment and psychological capital were associated with autonomous work resumption behaviour.
The large-scale work resumption in this emerging infectious disease outbreak demonstrated that the healthcare system should reevaluate nursing workforce growth targets for pandemics. It is still warranted for future research to explore the long-term effects of work resumption on individual and organisational levels.
Chinese clinical trial registry: ChiCTR2300067706 (January 8, 2023)
Skin temperature, including absolute temperature (at bony prominence areas under long-term compression) and relative temperature (the difference between bony prominence and adjacent control area), may serve as early warning indicators for PI. However, the optimal indicator remains unclear. This meta-analysis therefore synthesises evidence on their association with PI risk to identify the best indicator and evaluate its early-warning accuracy.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
We included prospective cohort studies of adult patients investigating longitudinal associations between skin temperature and subsequent PI development. We pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) and odds ratios, complemented by summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve analysis. The overall quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE method.
We researched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), Wanfang and CNKI databases from inception to September 25, 2024.
After screening 1354 titles and abstracts, ten studies comprising 1742 participants were included in the final synthesis. No significant difference in absolute temperature (combined SMD) was found between the PI and non-PI groups (seven studies included). In addition, decreased relative temperature (< −0.1°C) was associated with a 16-fold increased likelihood of PI (95% CI 6.38–40.19, I 2 = 79.4%) (three studies included), with the SROC curve analysis showing an AUC of 0.776. According to GRADE, the evidentiary certainty was very low for AT and low for RT.
Relative temperature is significantly related to the risk of PI, supporting its role as a promising early warning indicator. Future studies should establish a standardised measurement protocol to facilitate its clinical application.
Monitoring skin temperature changes holds promise as a non-invasive tool for early warning of PI risk. However, the amount and quality of available evidence limit our confidence in these findings, underscoring the need for further research before a definitive conclusion can be drawn.
This study followed PRISMA guidelines.
No patient or public contribution.
PROSPERO CRD42024550099
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