Conectar
by Vu Nhi Ha, Le Chi Cao, Tran Hai Dang, Dao Thi Huyen, Nguyen Tien Dung, Le Huu Song, Nguyen Linh Toan, Truong Nhat My, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
BackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) causes sporadic outbreaks worldwide, with zoonotic and waterborne genotypes contributing to infections. In Vietnam, HEV genotypes 3 and 4 circulate among humans and swine, but data from remote, ethnic minority populations remain limited.
MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 272 ethnic minority students at Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy (TUMP) to determine HEV infection markers and associated risk factors. Anti-HEV IgM and IgG were tested in serum samples using Wantai ELISA kits, and HEV RNA was detected by nested PCR targeting the ORF1 region. Demographic and exposure data were collected via structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed using binary logistic regression.
ResultsOne participant (0.37%) tested positive for anti-HEV IgM, and 69 (25%) were positive for anti-HEV IgG, while HEV RNA was undetectable. HEV-IgG seroprevalence increased significantly with age (p = 0.004) but showed no sex-related differences. Consumption of tap or mixed water sources (p = 0.043) and raw or undercooked pork liver (p = 0.018) were significantly associated with HEV-IgG positivity. Multivariate analysis confirmed these factors as independent predictors of prior HEV exposure (adjusted OR = 1.6 and 4.8, respectively).
ConclusionsA moderate HEV seroprevalence among ethnic minorities indicates substantial prior exposure in northern Vietnam. Strengthening water sanitation, food safety awareness, and routine HEV surveillance is recommended to mitigate infection risk in vulnerable communities.
by Ploy Khongrungjarat, Chonnikan Tothong, Chanyanut Pankaew, Suchada Phimsen, Nopawit Khamto, Nutthamon Kijchalao, Warissara Wongkham, Piyathida Wongkham, Wipaporn Chuaymaung, Adsadayu Thonnondang, Apinun Limmongkon
Prenylated stilbenoids, particularly trans-arachidin-1 (Ara-1) and trans-arachidin-3 (Ara-3), have gained attention for their notable bioactivities and potential health-promoting properties. This study presents the first comprehensive investigation into the stability and biological efficacy of these compounds in both peanut hairy root culture crude extracts (PCE) and partially purified fractions derived from elicited peanut hairy root cultures. PCE stored at –20 °C and 4 °C maintained higher antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content compared to samples stored at room temperature. In cytotoxicity assays using SW480 colon cancer cells, the extract stored at –20 °C retained bioactivity with only minor changes in IC₅₀ values over three months, demonstrating superior stability under frozen conditions. Over a six-month period, partially purified fractions of Ara-1 and Ara-3 showed a time-dependent decline in compound content. However, Ara-3 maintained strong cytotoxicity against KKU-100 cholangiocarcinoma cells, while Ara-1 exhibited a significant loss in activity. These findings demonstrate that low-temperature storage, particularly at –20 °C, is crucial for preserving the chemical integrity and bioactivity of stilbenoid-rich extracts. The study underscores the importance of optimizing storage conditions to ensure consistent bioactivity, supporting the potential application of these compounds in the development of stable and effective pharmaceutical or nutraceutical products.by Xiaohui Xu, Liang Cai, Xuan Dang, Jianbin Han, Yan Kou, Chunyan Rong, Junjie Kou
BackgroundTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a potent amplifier of inflammatory responses and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases. Notably, emerging evidence suggests that TREM-1 is also involved in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation. However, its role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of TREM-1 in myocardial I/R injury and to explore the potential underlying molecular mechanisms.
MethodsA hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established using HL-1 cardiomyocytes subjected to 6 hours of hypoxia followed by 6 hours of reoxygenation. Pyroptosis levels were assessed by Hoechst-PI staining, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, CCK-8 assay, and Western blot analysis. In vivo, a myocardial I/R injury model was established in C57BL/6 mice by subjecting them to 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 24 hours or 7 days of reperfusion. Evaluation was performed using TTC staining, Western blotting, echocardiography, histochemical staining, and immunohistochemistry.
ResultsIn this study, we found that TREM-1 expression was significantly upregulated in both in vitro and in vivo models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Pharmacological inhibition of TREM-1 by LR12 effectively reduced the levels of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and suppressed activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, LR12 treatment alleviated myocardial inflammation and fibrosis and improved left ventricular function in mice.Intervention experiments with MCC950, a specific NLRP3 inhibitor, confirmed that NLRP3 inhibition could mimic the anti-pyroptotic effect of LR12 and reduce the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins. Immunofluorescence experiments further verified that inhibition of NF-κB decreased NLRP3 expression, clarifying the association between TREM-1 downstream signals and NLRP3. Long-term follow-up experiments showed that LR12 treatment significantly reduced the area of myocardial fibrosis at 7 days after reperfusion.
ConclusionOur findings indicate that inhibition of TREM-1 alleviates cardiomyocyte pyroptosis during MIRI by suppressing activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, TREM-1 may represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
by Xiyuan Zhu, Hongtao Dang, Xiaoyuan Jin, Xun Li
Surface defect detection of organic jujubes is critical for quality assessment. However, conventional machine vision lacks adaptability to polymorphic defects, while deep learning methods face a trade-off—deep architectures are computationally intensive and unsuitable for edge deployment, whereas lightweight models struggle to represent subtle defects. To address this, we propose Ju-LiteMobileAtt, a high-precision lightweight network based on MobileNetV2, featuring two key innovations: First, the Efficient Residual Coordinate Attention Module (EfficientRCAM) integrates spatial encoding and channel interaction for multi-scale feature capture; Second, the Cascaded Residual Coordinate Attention Module (CascadedRCAM) refines features while preserving efficiency. Experiments on the Jujube12000 dataset show Ju-LiteMobileAtt improves accuracy by 1.72% over baseline while significantly reducing parameters, enabling effective real-time edge-based jujube defect detection.
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