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To explore the influences of workplace bullying experiences, witnessing workplace bullying and bystander types on Speaking up for patient safety (SUPS) among hospital nurses.
Cross-sectional study.
A survey was conducted in September 2021 using a structured questionnaire about workplace bullying experiences, witnessing workplace bullying, bystander types, and SUPS. The questionnaire was administered to 200 bedside nurses from two tertiary university hospitals in South Korea.
One hundred and ninety-nine responses were analysed. A hierarchical regression model, incorporating organisational factors, workplace bullying experiences, witnessing workplace bullying, and bystander types explained approximately 44.0% of the variance in nurses' SUPS. Witnessing workplace bullying and the perpetrator-facilitating bystander negatively influenced SUPS, whereas victim-defending bystander had a positive influence on SUPS.
Findings suggest that witnessing workplace bullying and the bystander types of nurses working on patient care units are more impactful on nurses' SUPS than individual experiences of bullying. Notably, the victim-defending and perpetrator-facilitating bystander types were identified as key factors influencing SUPS.
Nurse managers should understand the roles of witnesses and bystanders working on a patient care unit, and how these roles may extend beyond traditional views of perpetrators and victims. Developing strategies to support and effectively manage witnesses and bystanders working on patient care units may promote positive SUPS behaviours among clinical nurses.
What problem did the study address?
Speaking up for patient safety (SUPS) in clinical settings is critical in maintaining and enhancing patient safety. However, a negative work environment, such as one that promotes workplace bullying may hinder nurses' willingness to engage in SUPS. Because many nurses involved in workplace bullying may be witnesses or bystanders rather than direct perpetrators or victims of such situations, this study explored the potential influences of workplace bullying, including the roles of witnesses and bystanders, on SUPS. What were the main findings?
SUPS was influenced more by witnessing workplace bullying and specific bystander types, namely victim-defending and perpetrator-facilitating bystanders, than by workplace bullying experiences. Where and on whom will the research have an impact?
These findings highlight the importance of addressing the roles of witnesses and bystanders in workplace bullying. Nurse managers should broaden their focus beyond perpetrators and victims to include the roles and views of all nursing staff within a department. By effectively managing witnesses and bystander types, they can foster an environment that enhances SUPS behaviours among nurses.
This study adhered to STROBE guidelines.
No Patient or Public Contribution.
To synthesise evidence on nurses' roles in long-term care settings and map their interactions.
Systematic review with network analysis.
Thematic synthesis was used to identify nurses' roles, and network analysis mapped their interactions across domains.
Six databases—Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Research Information Sharing Service and Database of Periodical Information Academic—were searched for peer-reviewed articles from 2014 to 2024. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool assessed study quality.
Fifteen studies were included. Nurses' roles spanned six domains: collaboration, education, leadership, resident-centred care, quality improvement and resource management. Network analysis revealed collaboration and leadership as the most central, each with a degree centrality of five, acting as bridges across domains. Three thematic clusters emerged: collaboration and resource management focused on operational teamwork; leadership and quality improvement centred on systemic care enhancements; and education and resident-centered care emphasised training and resident-focused care. A technological competence gap was identified, alongside barriers like staffing shortages and role ambiguity.
Nurses' interconnected roles are critical for resident-centered care; however, they require systemic support to address barriers and technological gaps.
Enhanced interprofessional training, leadership development and digital skill integration can improve care quality and nurse well-being in long-term care settings.
This study addressed the complexity of nurses' roles in long-term care and their structural interactions, finding collaboration and leadership as pivotal with three role clusters and a technological gap, impacting long-term care nurses, educators and policymakers to inform workforce strategies.
This study adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42024588422).
This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct or reporting.
PROSPERO: CRD42024588422
To evaluate the ‘Countdown to Theatre’ intervention, a co-designed nurse-led approach developed using the COM-B framework to address context-specific barriers and facilitators to preoperative fasting practices.
A prospective mixed-method, pre–post study assessed the intervention's impact on fasting adherence and patient experience.
Participants included children booked for a procedure under general anaesthesia. Adherence was assessed through audited fasting duration, and patient experience was evaluated using caregiver/patient surveys. The intervention was implemented and monitored by nursing staff as a part of a structured quality improvement process. Nurses played a central role in embedding the approach into daily workflows and reinforcing fasting timelines
Over 9 months, 901 observations were undertaken from 774 patients. Fasting duration decreased from 7.6 to 5.7 h (mean difference −1.94; 95% CI −3.04, −0.86). Parent-reported patient experience surveys showed improvement in many areas, including an increase in overall satisfaction (from 44.7% to 68.8%).
The intervention successfully reduced prolonged fasting and improved patient experiences, demonstrating the value of co-designed approaches in addressing evidence–practice gaps in perioperative care.
The principles of co-design, structured implementation and the application of the COM-B framework provide a replicable model for addressing similar challenges in healthcare. The study highlights the pivotal role of nurses in improving perioperative practices, supporting both patient safety and satisfaction. Future research should explore the intervention's applicability across diverse settings and patient populations.
Despite evidence-based guidelines, excessive preoperative fasting remains prevalent in practice. This study demonstrates that a structured, nurse-led intervention can successfully reduce fasting durations and enhance patient experience, reaffirming the nursing profession's capacity to lead meaningful change in perioperative care.
Standards for quality improvement reporting excellence (SQUIRE 2.0).
Patients and caregivers contributed to the co-design of the intervention, ensuring that it addressed practical challenges related to preoperative fasting.
To explore mental health help-seeking behaviours among East Asian American dementia caregivers and construct a theory grounded in their behaviour patterns.
Qualitative using constructivist grounded theory design.
We recruited 20 East Asian American dementia caregivers between August 2023 and March 2024 using purposive sampling. We conducted one-on-one interviews and analysed the data using constructivist grounded theory coding.
We constructed a theory including six concepts and 22 categories. While ‘providing care’, caregivers manage caregiving tasks and personal life, experiencing caregiving challenges. ‘Individual capacity’ is a key to perceiving caregiving situations and ‘considering seeking support’. Various factors can affect ‘using support’. Different types of support can be used separately or in combination. When receiving adequate support, caregivers can ‘gain benefits from support’. These benefits, alongside individual capacities, can shape caregivers' ‘outlook on the present and the future’.
This study explains the mental health help-seeking process within East Asian culture, broadening perspectives on diverse populations and highlighting insights into culturally tailored services.
This study offers clinicians and communities insights into the mental health help-seeking process among East Asian American dementia caregivers and highlights strategies to encourage their use of mental health services.
This theory incorporates aspects of East Asian culture, addressing a research gap in studies of Asian Americans. It may enhance understanding of culturally tailored approaches and facilitate future funding for research and services, considering cultural diversity.
The Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.
No Patient or Public Contribution.
To investigate the impact of parenting stress in both fathers and mothers on the quality of life (QoL) of children with down syndrome (DS) and the mediating effect of family adaptation.
This cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2023 and August 2023.
A total of 106 father–mother dyads of children with DS aged 2–12 years in South Korea were included. The parents independently completed questionnaires assessing parenting stress, family adaptation, and their children's QoL. The Actor–Partner Interdependence Mediation Model was used for the dyadic analysis.
The direct effect of parenting stress on children's QoL was not significant; however, the indirect effect of family adaptation was significant. Fathers' parenting stress indirectly influenced their children's QoL through their own and their mothers' family adaptations. Conversely, mothers' parenting stress indirectly influenced their children's QoL through their own family adaptation, although the mediating effect of fathers was not statistically significant.
Higher family adaptation in both fathers and mothers was associated with an improved QoL in children with DS. The pathways through which parents influenced their children's QoL differed but were interdependent. Therefore, dyadic interventions aimed at improving family adaptation in both fathers and mothers may help improve the QoL of children with DS.
This is the first study to examine parental influence on children's QoL based on dyadic interactions among fathers, mothers, and children with DS. This study highlights the importance of assessing and promoting fathers' and mothers' levels of family adaptation to improve the QoL of children with DS. Nurses should consider effective dyadic interventions for families that include both parents to maximise improvements in the QoL of children with DS.
No patient or public contributions.
This study adhered to the STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies.
To explore the impact of international visiting scholars programmes on the academic and professional development of nursing PhD students and to inform future doctoral curriculum design.
Integrative review.
A systematic search was conducted across six databases (Embase, Medline, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus and Web of Science) in December 2024, with no restrictions on publication year. After removing duplicates, 1300 records were screened by title, abstract and full text. Studies were included if they focused on nursing PhD students participating in international visiting programmes and addressed academic or professional development. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were synthesised using a thematic analysis approach.
Four themes were identified: (1) advancing academic excellence through enhanced research skills and critical thinking; (2) cultivating cross-cultural learning by fostering cultural sensitivity and adaptability; (3) fostering global networks that promote sustained international collaboration; and (4) shaping doctoral education by encouraging structured and sustainable international experiences. These findings suggest that international visiting scholars programmes contribute meaningfully to the academic, cultural and professional growth of nursing PhD students.
International visiting scholars programmes provide a unique platform for doctoral nursing students to strengthen their academic foundations and expand their global outlook. Integrating such experiences into doctoral curricula can better prepare future nursing leaders for international health challenges.
This review addresses a gap in the literature by focusing on the doctoral-level outcomes of international visiting scholars programmes in nursing. The findings offer guidance for educators and policymakers to design curricula that integrate global engagement, build institutional support for mobility programmes and promote equitable access to international academic opportunities in nursing education.
The review adhered to the EQUATOR and PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews.
No patient or public contribution.
This study aimed to conceptualise ‘function-focused care efficacy’ for direct care workers in long-term care facilities by identifying the domains and attributes of this concept using a hybrid model.
A hybrid model concept analysis was employed in three stages: theoretical, fieldwork and final analysis.
Data were collected in South Korea from December 9 to December 20, 2024, through literature reviews and interviews with long-term care professionals and gerontological experts. The study comprised in-depth interviews with five participants from long-term care facilities. Data were analysed utilising content analysis.
The final conceptualisation identified six domains and 13 attributes across three dimensions: plan, action and evaluation. The plan dimension encompassed personalised care (identifying residual function and designing tailored care plans) and collaborative care (communication among staff, multi-team approach and cooperation with family). The action dimension covered daily care (supporting daily activities and integrated care), motivational care (encouraging and praising) and ethical care (positive attitude and respect). The evaluation dimension focused on function evaluation (observing and documenting functional changes).
This study conceptualises function-focused care efficacy as the belief that direct care workers can effectively plan personalised and collaborative care, motivate older adults to maintain independence, provide integrated care in daily activities, deliver ethical care with respect and positive attitudes and assess functional changes. These findings can inform a measurement instrument and training programmes to enhance care workers' efficacy in function-focused care.
Enhancing function-focused care efficacy can potentially improve the quality of care provided to older adults, promoting their independence and well-being.
The study aimed to conceptualise function-focused care efficacy among LTCF direct care workers. It identified six domains and 13 attributes across planning, action and evaluation dimensions. This framework can guide the development of efficacy measurement tools.
N/A.
No patient or public contribution.
This study aimed to investigate factors influencing the acceptance of smartphone applications among high-risk pregnant women in the Lao People's Democratic Republic to support continuous care.
An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design.
The quantitative phase included 167 high-risk pregnant women recruited from four tertiary hospitals in Vientiane, Lao PDR. Validated questionnaires were used to measure demographics, digital technology usage, eHealth literacy and anxiety. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. In the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews with 20 women were conducted to further explore experiences, perceptions and barriers related to smartphone application usage. Interviews were analysed via direct content analysis.
Quantitative findings indicated that smartphone application acceptance was significantly predicted by eHealth literacy (B = 1.53, 95% CI 1.22–1.84, p < 0.001) and pre-existing non-communicable diseases (B = 4.39, 95% CI 1.05–7.73, p = 0.010). Anxiety negatively impacted acceptance (B = −0.28, 95% CI −0.51 to −0.05, p = 0.019). The model explained 53.9% of the variance in smartphone application acceptance (R 2 = 0.539). Qualitative findings highlighted four key themes: awareness of pregnancy risks, unclear health information, perceived benefits of smartphone applications including accessibility and emotional reassurance and practical barriers such as internet costs and limited digital literacy.
Positive perceptions of smartphone applications regarding accessibility and reassurance were observed, alongside significant barriers, such as limited digital literacy and internet costs. Addressing these factors may enhance the adoption and effective utilisation of digital health technologies among high-risk pregnant populations.
No patient or public contribution.
To systematically synthesise nurses' perspectives on dignified death, providing a culturally informed and comprehensive understanding.
Meta-ethnography.
This study was conducted using Noblit and Hare's approach, which included reciprocal translation, refutational synthesis, and line-of-argument synthesis. Methodological rigour and credibility were evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist. The review included peer-reviewed qualitative studies published in English or Korean that focused on nurses' or nursing students' views on dignified death in end-of-life care.
A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Web of Science in August 2023, with an updated search in August 2024. Seventeen qualitative studies published between 2010 and 2024 met the inclusion criteria.
Four interconnected themes emerged: A death that embraces humanity, a death that preserves personal identity, a death that facilitates connection and reconciliation, and a death that affirms acceptance and spiritual serenity. These themes, including eight sub-themes, highlight cultural influences shaping nurses' approaches to dignified death.
The findings emphasise the influence of cultural context in shaping end-of-life care and support the development of culturally sensitive nursing education and guidelines to enhance care quality.
This research provides culturally grounded strategies to improve end-of-life care and strengthen nurses' competencies in delivering holistic support.
This study highlights cultural variations in nurses' approaches to balancing autonomy, family expectations, and spiritual needs, offering practical insights for holistic, patient-centred, and culturally sensitive care.
This review complies with the Equator and improving reporting of meta-ethnography (eMERGe) guidelines.
No patient or public contribution.
This study aimed to address two objectives: (1) To analyse the meal support behaviours of direct care workers in long-term care facilities in South Korea and (2) to explore associations between mealtime support behaviours and caregiver characteristics.
Secondary analysis of behavioural coding of cross-sectional video recordings.
Positive and negative staff behaviours at mealtimes were coded using the Mealtime Engagement Scale and Cue Utilization and Engagement in Dementia tool, respectively. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and analysis of variance, were used to examine differences in mealtime support behaviours based on caregiver characteristics.
The average mealtime duration of residents was 19.03 ± 5.30 min. Positive meal support behaviours accounted for 91.1% of the observed interactions, whereas negative interactions accounted for 8.9%. The most frequent positive behaviour observed was ‘providing one-on-one assistance’, whereas the most frequent negative behaviour was ‘leaving the resident alone’. Positive meal support behaviours were observed at significant higher frequencies among caregivers working during day shifts than those working during rotating shifts. Additionally, positive behaviours were associated with a higher carer-resident ratio.
Positive mealtime support behaviours were frequently observed but were concentrated in a few specific actions. Negative behaviours, such as leaving the resident alone, were still observed in a considerable portion of mealtime interactions. Training programmes focusing on diverse positive mealtime support behaviours should be developed to improve the quality of dementia care in long-term care facilities.
The findings emphasise the need for targeted training programmes to improve mealtime support and overall care quality in long-term care facilities. This approach signals a transformative shift in caregiver training, fostering more personalised and effective care for older adults with dementia.
This study quantified positive and negative mealtime support behaviours. These findings contribute to understanding caregiver behaviours during mealtimes in dementia care, offering evidence-based insights for developing targeted training programmes and improving quality of care in long-term care facilities.
We adhered to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines.
No patient or public contribution.
To explore key stakeholders' experiences and perceptions of end-of-life communication in acute care settings.
A qualitative descriptive study.
Data were collected from 4 May to 31 October 2023. Patients with terminal illness, family caregivers and healthcare providers were recruited from two Chinese hospitals via purposive sampling. Individual interviews were conducted with patients and family caregivers, whereas healthcare providers participated in focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was conducted.
Nineteen patients, 22 family caregivers and 25 healthcare providers participated. Five themes emerged: (1) protective end-of-life communication, characterised by dominant family involvement, truth concealment and restricted end-of-life topics; (2) open end-of-life communication, characterised by dominant patient involvement, truth disclosure and diverse end-of-life topics; (3) patient-related factors, including comfort level in talking about end-of-life, burden and treatment engagement; (4) family-related factors, including comfort, burden, expectations, values and trust in healthcare providers and (5) healthcare provider-related factors, including comfort, time availability and clinical priorities, end-of-life communication awareness and skills and end-of-life care knowledge.
End-of-life communication in Chinese acute care settings oscillates between protective and open approaches, influenced by several individual factors.
Healthcare providers must overcome stereotypes rooted in cultural values and adopt a proactive approach to end-of-life communication. Enhanced training and institutional procedures are needed to improve end-of-life communication in acute care settings.
The study provides nuanced insights into end-of-life communication dynamics in Chinese acute care settings, complementing global evidence. Coexisting protective and open communication approaches highlight the need for context-sensitive approaches to end-of-life communication. Multifocal interventions addressing patient-, family- and healthcare provider-related factors are warranted.
Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.
No patient or public contribution was involved in the design or conduct of the study.
To clarify the concept of disempowerment in adults with chronic illness.
The Walker and Avant approach to concept analysis was used.
A systematic literature search was performed on 14 February 2024, using the following databases: CINHAL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global A&I: The Humanities and Social Sciences Collection. Studies examining adults' experience of individual disempowerment stemming from chronic illness were included. Definitions and descriptions of the concept in the included studies were extracted and synthesised into defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences.
Forty-five articles were included. Two defining attributes were identified: (1) diminishing opportunities to take control and (2) clients' dissatisfaction with diminishing control. Antecedents were changes in health status related to chronic illness and expectation mismatch within the client, or between clients and their care partners. The consequence of disempowerment was disengagement in the context of disempowerment.
Disempowerment was found as the state of dissatisfaction with diminishing opportunities to control personal lives, which stems from changes in health status and expectation mismatch and leads to disengagement in the context of disempowerment. Contrary to prior studies, where disempowerment was often considered an outcome of an imbalanced relationship between clients and care partners, the present findings showcased disempowerment as a holistic illness experience, involving changes in health status. The understanding of disempowerment as the dissatisfaction with the situation of diminishing opportunities to take control differentiates this concept from the opposite of empowerment, which is conceptualised as clients' ability to make decisions or manage diseases. Findings further highlight the importance of understanding clients' illness experience comprehensively and providing care in a manner that is matched with clients' abilities, expectations and needs. It is suggested that operationalising the concept based on this understanding is necessary in order to understand correlations between disempowerment, its causes and consequences.
Disempowerment has been applied to describe interruptions in their states of being, perceived role performances, and independence in adults with chronic illness from diverse perspectives in the extant literature, such as the opposite of empowerment, action to take away control over personal lives and a state of diminishing ability to tackle problems. Through clarifying the concept, this article will guide the communication, measurement tool development and response in clinical practice.
No patient or public contribution.
To discuss the dyadic and triadic interviewing techniques as distinct approaches to data collection in qualitative research.
Methodological/methodical discussion.
Underpinned by a layered theoretical basis involving interpretivism, social constructivism and symbolic interactionism, dyadic and triadic interviewing approaches represent a tapestry that seeks to illuminate not only what participants think at the individual level, but also how they think together to generate shared, nuanced meanings. Key methodical considerations include participant recruitment and selection to form the dyads or triads, ethical issues, navigating power dynamics, determining saturation at the dyad or triad level and shifting the unit of analysis from the individual level to the dyad or triad level. Notable challenges to using these approaches include logistical complexity, ethical risks and the great need for skilled moderation.
Dyadic and triadic interviewing techniques occupy a vital methodological niche in qualitative studies, particularly within the contexts of health and social care research where relational dynamics and collaborative decision-making are central. By foregrounding co-constructed narratives and real-time interactions, dyadic and triadic interviewing techniques illuminate the interplay of individual agency, power asymmetries and cultural norms, offering insights that transcend the limitations of individual interviews or focus groups.
The increasing complexity of care, treatment pathways, recovery and family-centered decision making warrants engagement beyond individual interviews. Dyadic and triadic interview techniques facilitate this by combining the in-depth benefit of individual interviews and shared interpretations of focus group discussions to capture meanings and experiences.
This methodological/methodical discussion offers clarity to employing dyadic or triadic interviewing approaches to improve their uptake in health and social care research.
Not applicable.
No patient or public contribution.
To investigate the relationship between nurse managers' authentic leadership and staff nurses' organisational citizenship behaviour and to explore the mediating roles of different types of organisational silence in the relationship.
A cross-sectional, correlational, descriptive design.
Survey data from 216 nurses across five hospitals in South Korea were utilised. We used structural equation modelling to examine the relationships between authentic leadership, organisational silence and organisational citizenship behaviour.
Authentic leadership was positively associated with organisational citizenship behaviour and prosocial silence and was negatively associated with acquiescent and defensive silence. Acquiescent silence negatively impacted organisational citizenship behaviour, whereas prosocial silence had a positive effect. Defensive silence showed no significant relationship with organisational citizenship behaviour. Authentic leadership's indirect effects on organisational citizenship behaviour were mediated by acquiescent and prosocial silence.
Nurse managers' authentic leadership enhances organisational citizenship behaviour by reducing acquiescent and defensive silence and fostering prosocial silence. Although prosocial silence promotes harmony and collaboration, nurse managers must also encourage open communication to maintain a positive and professional organisational culture.
Developing authentic leadership in nurse managers can improve nurses' organisational citizenship behaviour by addressing organisational silence, thereby creating a supportive and efficient healthcare environment that benefits staff as well as patients.
No patient or public contribution.
Authentic leaders serve as positive role models who can improve employees' organisational citizenship behaviour by reducing negative forms of organisational silence. However, the mediating effect of organisational silence on the relationship between authentic leadership and organisational citizenship behaviour may vary depending on the type of silence, as different types are induced by distinct underlying motivations. Understanding these dynamics can inform strategies to improve nurses' workplace interactions and patient care outcomes.
Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.
To evaluate the relationship between time spent in sedentary behaviour and physical activity and sarcopenia in older adults, and to analyse the effect of reallocating time between different intensities of activities on sarcopenia.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Following PRISMA guidelines, data were synthesised using a random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed via Cochran's Q test and the I 2 statistic. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale by two independent reviewers.
A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane databases for studies published up to November 5, 2024, with no language or date restrictions. Relevant reference lists were also manually screened.
The present review included six studies involving 9914 older adults. Three studies suggested that older adults without sarcopenia spent more time performing light physical activities (SMD: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.24–0.45) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (SMD: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.49–0.74) and had less sedentary behaviour (SMD: −0.34; 95% CI: −0.51 to −0.16) than did older adults with sarcopenia. Replacing sedentary behaviour with an equivalent amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (10, 30, or 60 min) each day can reduce the risk of sarcopenia, with 30 min showing the best preventive effect. However, research findings on the relationship between substituting sedentary behaviour time with light physical activities and sarcopenia are inconsistent.
Encouraging older adults to engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity, even in short bouts of 10 min, can significantly reduce the risk of sarcopenia. Healthcare professionals should tailor activity recommendations to individual preferences and physical conditions to promote overall health and reduce sedentary behaviour.
No Patient or Public Contribution.
CRD42023416166
The purpose of this integrative review was to identify effective diabetes self-management education and support for increasing adult primary care referrals, participation rates and improving health outcomes for persons with diabetes.
Integrative review.
A systematic literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL was performed by applying the PRISMA guidelines. Following Whittemore and Knafl's method, 11 papers were included for review.
Integration of diabetes self-management education and support in primary care clinics and a multifaceted approach resulted in improved referral and participation rates, ameliorated glycated haemoglobin A1C and boosted patient, provider and staff satisfaction.
Patient-centred multifaceted interventions can boost current diabetes self-management education referrals and participation rates and enhance health outcomes for persons with diabetes. Nurses in their role as primary care providers, diabetes educators and clinic staff are well-positioned to undertake this intervention. Further investigation is needed to explore the impact of these interventions among individuals with type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes and those living across various global regions.
Along with other healthcare providers, nurses are qualified to advocate for, and lead programmes that increase referrals for persons with diabetes to improve health outcomes. Additionally, as primary care providers, nurse practitioners are well placed to positively impact the outcomes of individuals with diabetes by referring them to diabetes self-management education. Nurses, as diabetes educators, are well positioned to implement diabetes self-management education which can improve patient outcomes.
Improved referral of persons with diabetes to diabetes self-management education and increased participation have the propensity to contribute to the achievement of positive health outcomes for individuals living with Type 2 Diabetes.
There is no patient or public contribution for this review.
This study aimed to develop a grounded theory that explains how nurses' experiences as patients or family members influence their provision of patient-centred care.
A grounded theory approach.
Twenty clinical nurses in South Korea participated; nine had experiences as patients and 11 as family members during hospitalisation. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews from January to October 2021. Participants were purposively sampled for diverse experiences, and all interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis followed grounded theory using the constant comparative method, with theoretical saturation reached after 20 interviews.
The theory developed was built around the core category of ‘transforming nursing practice through empathy and reflection in hospitalization experiences’. Participants experienced healthcare services in a wide range of areas, including nursing interactions, patient rights, the healthcare delivery system and hospital facilities. Based on these experiences, participants developed a deep understanding and empathy for the emotions and needs of patients and families, gaining new insights and reflections on their nursing practice. It led to a transformation in participants' attitudes and behaviours towards patient-centred care.
This study demonstrates that reflective practice and empathy developed through personal hospitalisation are important factors in leading to the shift towards patient-centred care. These findings provide a theoretical framework for emphasising experiential learning opportunities in nursing education and training to apply patient-centred approaches in practice.
Experiential learning approaches, such as simulation, role playing or caregiver training, can bridge the gap between clinical practice and patient expectations. Supportive work environments that encourage reflection on patient experiences help nurses maintain patient-centred practices despite challenges, leading to professional growth and improved patient outcomes.
This study adhered to the COREQ checklist for reporting.
No patient or public involvement.
FreshRSS 