Tobacco consumption is a significant preventable cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of tobacco consumption among Cambodian individuals aged 15–49, utilising data from the 2021–2022 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS).

Cross-sectional study based on secondary analysis of the 2021–2022 CDHS.

Nationwide household survey conducted across urban and rural areas of Cambodia.

A total of 28 321 respondents aged 15–49 years were included in the analysis.

Tobacco consumption categorised as no use, smoking tobacco, smokeless tobacco and dual use. Descriptive statistics, ² tests and multinomial logistic regression were used to assess associations between background characteristics and tobacco consumption, with ‘no consumption’ as the reference category. Statistical significance was set at p

Among the 28 321 respondents (68.8% female), 91.8% were non-users of tobacco (reference group), while 6.9% reported smoking (predominantly males; adjusted relative risk ratios (ARRR)=39.29, 95% CI 29.70 to 51.96, p

While Cambodia has made notable progress in reducing tobacco consumption, the persistent challenges highlighted by the prevalence of smoking, particularly among specific demographics, indicate the need for targeted public health interventions.

This study aimed to understand the knowledge possessed by informal medicine vendors regarding antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, identify the perceptions held by informal medicine vendors about antibiotics and their uses and examine the practices employed by informal medicine vendors in the sale and distribution of antibiotics.

Exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and direct observations.

Markets and shops across 11 villages in the Nanoro health district, Burkina Faso.

23 informal medicine vendors, aged between 25 and 55 years and with 8–30 years of experience, were recruited through snowball sampling in the Nanoro health district of Burkina Faso.

Informal medicine vendors exhibited a limited understanding of antibiotics, often confusing them with other treatments and referring to them using local terminologies based on perceived use and effectiveness. Antibiotics were perceived as universal remedies, supported by therapeutic belief, empirical reasoning and community solidarity, with empirical diagnosis, approximate dosing and informal preparation techniques passed on through imitation. These findings emerged across themes including perceptions, symbolic attributes and sales practices.

Informal medicine vendors in rural Burkina Faso demonstrated limited understanding of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance, with practices shaped by local beliefs and empirical experience. These findings underscore the need for context-sensitive interventions that include tailored education and regulatory engagement to improve antibiotic stewardship and mitigate the spread of resistance.

To assess the relation of exposure to cement dust and heavy metal (aluminium, cadmium and lead) exposures to pulmonary function among male cement plant workers. The study also aimed to evaluate dose–response relationships and prevalence and severity of respiratory symptoms among exposure categories compared with a control group.

Cross-sectional study.

Secondary-level occupational health clinic in Ankara, Türkiye.

461 male non-smoking cement plant employees were included in total. Participants were categorised into packaging (n=101), milling (n=162) and office unexposed workers (n=198). Inclusion criteria were more than 70% work history in the cement industry and exclusion of pre-existing respiratory disease and missing data from the participants.

Not applicable.

Pulmonary function tests (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and peak expiratory flow (PEF)) and urinary, cadmium and blood lead concentrations were measured. Lung function impairment was the primary outcome measure; secondary outcomes included metal exposure—pulmonary measure correlations.

Significant negative correlations existed between FEV1 and urine aluminium (r=–0.622, p

Occupational cement dust and heavy metal exposure is closely linked to impaired pulmonary function in cement plant employees, particularly those who work in higher exposure jobs. The implications are robust endorsement of targeted monitoring and preventive interventions. Long-term longitudinal research is necessary to identify long-term outcome and efficacy of exposure reduction approaches.