The aims of this study were to investigate the factors affecting career satisfaction within the Pakistani dental community and to assess demographic characteristics as significant predictors of professional satisfaction.

Cross-sectional survey.

Data were collected from registered dentists across urban and rural areas of Pakistan via an electronic survey distributed through professional forums, social media groups and email lists to ensure nationwide representation.

A total of 600 registered dental surgeons were selected across Pakistan using single-stage cluster sampling, with inclusion based on a permanent Pakistan Medical and Dental Council licence, excluding temporary licence holders, non-consenting individuals and those practising abroad.

Career satisfaction was measured using the validated Dentist Satisfaction Survey, which assessed various factors affecting professional fulfilment.

Of 600 participants, 566 valid responses were received, with n=134 (23.67%) men and n=432 (76.33%) women, and a mean age of 33.7±7.4 years. Most were early-career (68.9%), with a mean professional satisfaction score of 3.13±1.35. Gender, provincial background and work experience significantly influenced satisfaction, while current working status did not. Participants were neutral on career domains, such as auxiliary staff quality, professional relations, professional time, management and work-life balance, but had positive views on doctor-patient relationships. Many expressed dissatisfaction with their income, and 35.69% found dentistry stressful. While 26.15% would not recommend dentistry, 30.04% would support their child’s choice to pursue it. Despite uncertainty about career fulfilment, most dentists remained strongly committed to their profession and did not plan to change careers in the near future.

This study highlights factors influencing career satisfaction among Pakistani dentists, offering insights to improve well-being and career fulfilment and inform policy reforms aimed at enhancing professional retention and mental well-being.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital condition, often necessitating complex heart surgeries that require careful planning by multidisciplinary teams. Multidisciplinary meetings (MDMs) in CHD care aim to integrate diverse expertise to optimise surgical planning. However, the lack of standardised protocols for conducting these meetings introduces undesirable variability in decision-making processes, potentially impacting patient outcomes. This study addresses the critical gap in understanding which aspects of MDMs should be standardised to ensure consistent, high-quality decision-making while also identifying areas where flexibility is essential to accommodate individual patient needs. The objective is to characterise current MDM practices in CHD care, identify factors contributing to variability and provide insights into how a balance between standardisation and flexibility can improve decision-making and patient outcomes.

A convergent parallel mixed-methods study design will be used to collect, analyse and interpret quantitative and qualitative data. Data collection will include a blend of naturalistic observations and chart reviews to track patient journeys from surgical planning through to postoperative outcomes. To complement these findings, interviews with healthcare providers will capture subjective perspectives on multidisciplinary decision-making. Additionally, departmental metrics will be collected to contextualise the broader clinical environment. Closed-ended observational and chart review data will be analysed using summary statistics and descriptive analysis (eg, percentages, means) to characterise MDM decision-making. Qualitative data (eg, reflections and learnings) from weekly post-surgical debriefs (called Performance Rounds) and clinician interviews on MDM decision-making will be analysed using a modified Framework Method.

Institutional research ethics approval has been acquired (REB #1000080464). To engage key stakeholders and foster collaborative improvement, study results will be shared in research rounds, where staff attending medical surgical conferences, team huddles, morbidity and mortality reviews, and Performance Rounds will be invited to participate. Targeted meetings with individual clinician groups will further allow for in-depth discussion and valuable feedback on the findings. Finally, the findings from this study are anticipated to make a meaningful contribution to the literature; a manuscript is planned for submission to a peer-reviewed journal.

With growing access to the internet, online mindfulness programmes have become more commonly used to manage physical and mental health conditions. This scoping review aims to determine the nature and extent of the literature, and key characteristics, of online mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for adults with physical or mental health conditions.

A scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute framework.

MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Allied and Complementary Medicine and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

Studies focusing on online MBIs, online mindfulness-based stress reduction and online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in adults with a physical or mental health condition were included.

Study and participant characteristics, key intervention characteristics, outcome measures and results were abstracted.

84 studies were included. Online MBIs have been studied in many different physical and mental health conditions; however, 63 of the included studies were for physical health conditions. MBCT was the most common intervention type assessed, with 33 of the included studies assessing it. Regarding intervention characteristics, intervention duration was similar across intervention type at 8 weeks, with sessions led by therapists, clinicians or mindfulness instructors. Web-based and videoconferencing were the most common delivery formats. Intervention content generally remained similar to standardised MBIs, with the addition of psychoeducation and disease management. Many studies did not report on tailoring the intervention to the participant population. There was a lack of consistency in reporting intervention characteristics.

This review highlights some evidence for online mindfulness programmes for both physical and mental health conditions. However, intervention componentry remains somewhat obscure, and reporting on tailoring appears relatively sparse. Greater consistency in reporting intervention componentry will improve knowledge and study in this area and enhance the translation of these interventions to clinical settings.