Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the leading cause of cardioembolic stroke and is associated with increased stroke severity and fatality. Early identification of AF is essential for adequate secondary prevention but remains challenging due to its often asymptomatic or paroxysmal occurrence. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers new possibilities by integrating biomarkers, clinical phenotypes, established risk factors and imaging features to define a personalised ‘digital twin’ model. The TAILOR study aims to (1) examine prospective detection of AF using monitoring devices, (2) investigate novel prognostic MRI markers in patients with an AF-related stroke (AFRS) and (3) validate AI-based models for outcome prediction in AFRS.

This prospective multicentre observational cohort study includes patients aged 40 years and above, with neuroimaging-confirmed diagnosis of ischaemic stroke, recruited from two sites: Hospital del Mar Barcelona (Spain) and Radboud University Medical Centre (The Netherlands). For the first sub-study (n=300), patients will undergo clinical assessment at baseline, 3 months and 12 months, and patch-based or Holter cardiac monitoring. The second sub-study (n=200) involves repeated brain MRI and cognitive examination after AFRS. Finally, AI-driven ‘digital twin’ models developed on retrospective TARGET datasets will be prospectively evaluated in TAILOR using temporal and centre-stratified analyses for advanced predictive tools for AF and AFRS outcomes.

The TAILOR study was approved by local ethics boards in Barcelona (CPMP/ICH/135/95) and Medical Research Ethics Committee Oost-Nederland (NL86346.091.24). Patients will be included after providing informed consent. Study results will be presented in peer-reviewed journals and at global conferences.

To explore existing strategies for managing sleep disorders in individuals with vision impairment (VI), identifying interventions, geographical trends and research gaps.

Scoping review.

Medline ALL (Ovid), Embase and Web of Science Core Collection, with supplementary searches in Google Scholar. The final search was completed on 28 November 2025.

Original research studies examining strategies to manage sleep disorders in adults (≥18 years) with VI, published in English. Studies focusing on animal models or unrelated to sleep management were excluded.

Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts using Covidence, extracted data using a predefined form and resolved discrepancies by consensus. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarise findings by intervention type, study design and outcomes.

Of 4368 records screened, 16 studies met inclusion criteria. Participants ranged from 18 years to 85 years (median 40.5). Most studies included individuals with no light perception, though VI definitions were often inconsistent. Pharmacological interventions dominated (13/16, 81.3%), mainly melatonin or melatonin receptor agonists, with some use of zopiclone, low-dose benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants. Non-pharmacological approaches were under-represented, including bright light exposure (n=1), virtual Hatha yoga (n=1) and caffeine modulation (n=1). Substantial variation existed in sleep assessment methods.

This scoping review highlights the predominant focus on pharmacological treatments, especially melatonin, while non-pharmacological strategies remain underexplored. Future research should explore accessible, non-pharmacological interventions and address sleep health inequities faced by individuals with VI.

10.17605/OSF.IO/7E83R.

This study aimed to investigate the associations between body mass index (BMI), physical activity levels (PALs) and sociodemographic factors (gender, age, education and marital status) with different outcomes (symptoms) of osteoarthritis (OA) severity, in patients with knee OA.

Cross-sectional study.

The sample included 200 participants from southern Bosnia and Herzegovina (61 males, 65.1±9.01 years of age) who had been diagnosed with primary knee OA.

OA symptoms as evidenced by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC) scale, including three subscores (WOMAC-pain, WOMAC-stiffness, WOMAC-functionality) and total WOMAC score. The predictors included age (in years), gender (male or female), BMI, PAL, education level, urban/rural living environment and marital status (partnership).

Female gender was correlated with the WOMAC-pain, WOMAC-stiffness and WOMAC-total. Older age was correlated with the WOMAC-pain and WOMAC-total. Patients who were better educated and reported higher PAL had better WOMAC functionality. BMI was the most significant factor of influence, with higher WOMAC-pain (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.65), WOMAC-stiffness (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.1 to –1.33), WOMAC-functionality (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.40) and WOMAC-total (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.6 to –1.44) scores in patients with higher BMI.

Results indicate the necessity of controlling body weight in patients with diagnosed knee OA irrespective of gender. Further prospective studies are warranted in order to establish causality between variables.

Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are associated with adverse outcomes. However, attention has typically focused on outcomes considered relevant by doctors, whereas the potential gap in perception and relative importance of outcomes that may exist between patients and doctors has been scarcely explored. Evidence available reports the views of either patients or doctors alone, and data are analysed in aggregate. We investigated this issue by surveying for the first time patients’ and doctors’ opinions simultaneously, on a one-to-one basis.

Survey involving patients with different CV diseases. Each patient and their attending doctor were asked to simultaneously but independently gauge the importance each attached to a predetermined set of outcomes, filling out disease-specific questionnaires. Results were analysed by compositional analysis.

Inpatients and outpatients being seen by cardiologists and internal medicine specialists at hospitals affiliated with the National Health System in Umbria, Italy.

All-comer patients, presenting with one of the following conditions: atrial fibrillation (AF), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF) or considered at high CV risk.

Importance attached to outcomes relative to life path, quality of life, future clinical events.

From 337 paired questionnaires returned, significant differences between patients’ and doctors’ perspectives emerged. Specifically: (1) patients with AF were significantly less concerned about the risk of stroke than doctors; (2) worsening of HF was a greater concern for doctors than patients, whereas patients weighed the risk of disability more; (3) patients with a previous MI, or at high CV risk, weighed the risk of hospitalisation less relevant than doctors, but were significantly more concerned about the risk of disability.

Simultaneous, one-to-one assessment of patients’ and doctors’ opinion shows remarkable differences between patients’ perception and physicians’ judgement concerning the relevance of major CV outcomes. Appreciation and sharing of these issues may inform better tailoring of cardiac care.

To evaluate how insurance influences the risk of a dementia diagnosis among a large, diverse cohort of US civilian adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) over a 22-year period.

This is a retrospective cohort study involving individuals diagnosed with TBI.

The study used the Merative MarketScan Research Database, specifically drawing from the Commercial Claims and Encounters, Medicare Supplemental and Medicaid databases, from 2000 to 2022 in the USA. These databases provide comprehensive insights into healthcare services received by enrollees, including inpatient and outpatient services, outpatient prescription claims, clinical utilisation records and healthcare expenditures.

267 473 adults aged 55 and older who were diagnosed with a TBI between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2022. Individuals with unknown TBI severity and dementia claims 2 years preceding TBI were excluded. TBI and dementia diagnoses were identified using International Classification of Disease 9th and 10th editions codes from inpatient and outpatient admission records.

None.

We compared the incidence of all-cause dementia across different insurance types to assess potential disparities in diagnosis following TBI. Cox proportional hazards models, with age as the time scale, were used to study the association between insurance type and dementia diagnosis following a TBI. Models were adjusted for key demographic variables, medical comorbidities and psychiatric conditions to account for potential confounding.

Of the 267 473 individuals with TBI, 12.7% were diagnosed with dementia over a mean follow-up period of 40 months (SD of 42 months). Dementia incidence differed significantly by insurance type, with 18.2% for Medicaid recipients, 17.3% for Medicare beneficiaries and only 2.3% among individuals with commercial insurance. The adjusted HR for dementia was notably higher among individuals enrolled on Medicaid (HR 2.9, 95% CI: 2.8 to 3.1) and Medicare (HR 2.1, 95% CI: 2.0 to 2.2), when compared with those with commercial insurance.

Individuals with TBI covered by Medicaid and Medicare are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with dementia, with a 2.9-fold and 2.1-fold increase risk, respectively, compared with those with commercial insurance. Addressing insurance-related disparities in dementia diagnosis is crucial for building a more equitable healthcare system. It is essential that individuals with TBI cases, regardless of their insurance type, have access to comprehensive care and preventive interventions to achieve the best possible long-term outcomes.