Patient safety is crucial in healthcare, especially in home-based settings where unregulated environments and limited supervision pose unique challenges. With the expansion of home healthcare due to an ageing population and healthcare workforce shortages, there is a pressing need for tools to assess patient safety culture in this context. Current instruments, developed for hospitals, do not adequately address the specific dynamics of home healthcare, such as patient autonomy and caregiver involvement. This protocol outlines the development and validation of the Patient Safety Culture in Home Health Care Centers Instrument (PSCHCI), using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach.

This sequential exploratory mixed-methods protocol consists of three phases. Phase 1 fieldwork (semi-structured interviews with 15 participants, 3 participant observations and field notes) has been completed. Qualitative data are currently being analysed using conventional content analysis. The scoping review component of Phase 1 is planned but has not yet been conducted. Phase 2 (instrument development) is planned to include item generation from qualitative results followed by expert panel review. Phase 3 (psychometric evaluation), scheduled for late 2026, will employ a cross-sectional study to assess face, content and construct validity; reliability; interpretability; and feasibility. This phase features pilot testing (n=30–50), face and content validity assessment (n=10 each), test-retest reliability (n=15) and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (n=300–400).

Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences. All participants will provide written informed consent. Confidentiality, voluntary participation and withdrawal rights are guaranteed. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and shared with participating home healthcare centres, policymakers and stakeholders.

Subjective well-being, a measurement of quality of life, varies systematically across racialised groups. However, the use of inconsistent subjective well-being measures across academic disciplines results in conflicting subjective well-being findings for people racialised as Black or African American in the USA. The aim of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive overview of how subjective well-being is measured for people racialised as Black or African American in the USA and to examine how subjective well-being reports differ between people racialised as Black and white in the nation.

This scoping review will use the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and report findings according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A predefined search strategy was used on 17 April 2024 to search PubMed (includes MEDLINE), APA PsycINFO (ProQuest), Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), EconLit (EBSCOhost) and Scopus for studies published in English. Articles will be included if they specify Black or African American population, subjective well-being, and include populations within the USA. Data will be extracted and presented quantitatively and qualitatively in tabular and/or figure form to describe the characteristics and conclusions of included studies, grouped by subjective well-being component and measure. Analysis will identify methodological inconsistencies and research gaps.

This study does not require review by our institution’s review board as primary data will not be collected in this study. The findings of this scoping review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, and condensed summaries for key partners in the field.

10.17605/OSF.IO/M9GA8.

To investigate Vietnamese undergraduate students’ knowledge and attitudes towards contraception and their associated factors.

Cross-sectional study.

Six universities in Vietnam from April to May 2025.

1134 undergraduate students.

Students’ knowledge and attitudes towards contraception were measured via an online survey, and a cut-off point of 50% was used to categorise their scores. Associations between students’ knowledge and attitude scores and their sociodemographic characteristics, academic background, sexual and relationship experiences, contraceptive education and information sources were evaluated using multivariable linear regression. Independent variables were selected through Bayesian Model Averaging.

Students’ average knowledge and attitude scores were 10.93±2.86 (possible range: 0–22; actual range: 0–19) and 54.14±6.57 (possible range: 15–75; actual range: 35–74), respectively. 62.1% demonstrated good knowledge, and 91.4% showed positive attitudes towards contraception. Higher knowledge was observed among older students (per 1 year increase, β=0.33, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.43), those from public universities (β=1.32, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.00), using mass media as a contraceptive information source (β=0.58, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.91) and having sexual experience (β=1.16, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.58). By contrast, students who were single and had never been in a romantic relationship (β=–0.88, 95% CI –1.23 to –0.52) and those enrolled in non-healthcare disciplines (β=–1.06, 95% CI –1.55 to –0.56) had significantly lower knowledge scores. Positive attitudes were more prevalent among female students (males vs females: β=–2.07, 95% CI –2.80 to –1.34), those using the Internet as a source of contraceptive information (β=5.65, 95% CI 4.29 to 7.01) and those with higher knowledge scores (per one-unit increase, β=0.67, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.79). All associations were statistically significant (p

In general, undergraduate students’ knowledge of contraception was relatively low, while their attitudes were positive. Implementing education programmes focusing on correct usage and storage of condoms and the safety of emergency contraceptive pills may help improve their understanding and promote safer sexual practices, thereby contributing to reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies.

To identify and prioritise research uncertainties regarding the assessment, management and rehabilitation of patients with problematic hip replacements through a national Priority Setting Partnership (PSP).

A national PSP using the James Lind Alliance (JLA) methodology.

UK.

Patients, carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in the care of patients with problematic hip replacements.

A steering group was established. The James Lind Alliance methodology was followed throughout. A nationwide survey was conducted to collect unanswered questions. These were refined, prioritised through an interim survey and ranked at a final consensus workshop.

The initial survey yielded 201 questions, refined to 32. The interim survey had 191 respondents, leading to 19 questions at the final workshop. The top 10 research priorities were agreed on.

This PSP identified key research priorities for problematic hip replacements, focusing on diagnosis, pain management, perioperative optimisation and infection. These priorities can inform researchers and funders to improve outcomes for affected patients.

To determine if communication disorders (1) increase the risk for common mental and physical health conditions and (2) if risk varies by age of onset (≤25 years (developmental) or >25 years (acquired)) by using the large-scale All of Us Research Program participant-reported survey data to electronic health records (EHR) data. We hypothesised that adults with a communication disorder would have a higher risk of mental and physical health conditions.

A retrospective cross-sectional study.

Secondary analysis of EHR and online surveys conducted in the USA.

We assessed 410 360 US adults enrolled in the All of Us Research Program from August 2023 to May 2024 for study eligibility. We used medical diagnosis of a communication disorder from EHR data to group participants into communication disorder (CD) and typical communication (TC) groups, and age of first diagnosis to assign to age of onset (≤25 years (developmental) or >25 years (acquired)) groups. 234 519 participants (median (IQR) age 57.00 (41.00, 68.00); 3700 (1.6%) qualified for the CD group) were included in the analyses.

Primary outcome measures were diagnosis of 11 common mental and physical health conditions from EHR data.

Multiple logistic regression models with propensity score weighting revealed that participants with CD had higher odds for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, asthma, cancer, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, depression, diabetes and hypertension. Estimates for chronic kidney disease (acquired: adjusted OR (AOR), 1.89 (1.62, 2.20); developmental: AOR, 1.26 (0.42, 3.82)), diabetes (acquired: AOR, 1.64 (1.49, 1.81); developmental: AOR, 1.51 (0.95, 2.41)), hypertension (acquired: AOR, 2.02 (1.85, 2.19); developmental: AOR, 1.16 (0.80, 1.68)) and substance use (acquired: AOR, 1.76 (1.47, 2.12); developmental: AOR, 1.08 (0.65, 1.82)) varied by age of onset. Confounding factors are controlled in the analysis, such as age, income, employment, enrolment, sex at birth, gender identity and US census division.

Our study demonstrates that adults with CD experience health disparities compared with adults with TC, and that these disparities vary by age of onset of CD.

To determine the prevalence of anaemia in women and children in refugee settings globally.

Population-representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and partner organisations.

Refugee sites in East and Southern Africa (ESA), West and Central Africa (WCA) and South Asia.

UNHCR conducted routine programmatic surveys evaluating the needs of non-pregnant women and children in refugee sites, globally.

Haemoglobin levels were measured using the HemoCue Hb 301+System (Fischer Scientific, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). Anaemia was defined as mild, moderate or severe based on the 2011 WHO guidelines.

The median total prevalence of anaemia in children was 41.5%. WCA had the highest median total prevalence of anaemia in children (56.8%), and South Asia had the lowest (37.6%). Globally, the median total prevalence of anaemia in non-pregnant women of reproductive age was 28.2%. WCA had the highest median total prevalence of anaemia in women (39.4%), and ESA had the lowest (27.7%). Anaemia is highly correlated between women and children, even though the prevalence is much lower in women. The mean total prevalence of anaemia in children increased by 15.9% (95% CI 2.04% to 29.7%) in WCA but decreased by 7.9% (95% CI –20.1% to 4.24%) in ESA after the COVID-19 pandemic.

WCA have particularly high rates of anaemia, worsening since 2020. ESA, as well as South Asia, have seen reductions in anaemia in recent years. There is wide variability within refugee settings, indicating variability in the implementation of successful interventions to reduce and prevent anaemia. Improving feeding practices and preventing and treating anaemia-causing infections may improve prevalence of anaemia.

To describe the outcomes and associations of pericardial disease, with a particular focus on the outcomes of patients admitted with primary or secondary pericardial disease.

Retrospective observational study.

All public and private hospitals in New South Wales, Australia.

Hospitalised patients with pericardial disease admitted from 2004 to 2021 that was (a) a primary diagnosis or (b) a secondary diagnosis.

Mortality both in-hospital and during several years of available follow-up.

Out of 45 446 patients diagnosed with pericardial disease, under half (46.8%) had pericardial disease as the primary reason for hospitalisation. Patients in whom pericardial disease was the primary compared with the secondary diagnosis were more commonly male (68.2% vs 59.1%), younger (median 51.2 years vs 66.0 years) and less comorbid (age-adjusted median Charlson Comorbidity Index 1 vs 4). In patients with pericardial disease, adjusted in-hospital mortality was fivefold lower if this was the primary diagnosis (OR 0.21, p

Patients with pericardial disease have a low in-hospital mortality of about 1% if this was the primary diagnosis. However, patients in whom it was a secondary diagnosis, especially in the presence of comorbidities such as malignancy, had a much worse prognosis.

In 2022, the WHO conditionally recommended the use of treatment decision algorithms (TDAs) for treatment decision-making in children

Within the Decide-TB project (PACT ID: PACTR202407866544155, 23 July 2024), we aim to generate an individual-participant dataset (IPD) from prospective TB diagnostic accuracy cohorts (RaPaed-TB, UMOYA and two cohorts from TB-Speed). Using the IPD, we aim to: (1) assess the diagnostic accuracy of published TDAs using a set of consensus case definitions produced by the National Institute of Health as reference standard (confirmed and unconfirmed vs unlikely TB); (2) evaluate the added value of novel tools (including biomarkers and artificial intelligence-interpreted radiology) in the existing TDAs; (3) generate an artificial population, modelling the target population of children eligible for WHO-endorsed TDAs presenting at primary and secondary healthcare levels and assess the diagnostic accuracy of published TDAs and (4) identify clinical predictors of radiological disease severity in children from the study population of children with presumptive TB.

This study will externally validate the first data-driven WHO TDAs in a large, well-characterised and diverse paediatric IPD derived from four large paediatric cohorts of children investigated for TB. The study has received ethical clearance for sharing secondary deidentified data from the ethics committees of the parent studies (RaPaed-TB, UMOYA and TB Speed) and as the aims of this study were part of the parent studies’ protocols, a separate approval was not necessary. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at local, regional and international scientific meetings and conferences. This database will serve as a catalyst for the assessment of the inclusion of novel tools and the generation of an artificial population to simulate the impact of novel diagnostic pathways for TB in children at lower levels of healthcare. TDAs have the potential to close the diagnostic gap in childhood TB. Further finetuning of the currently available algorithms will facilitate this and improve access to care.